View source for Monogaga Classified Forest

[[West Africa]] > [[Côte d'Ivoire]] > [[Monogaga Classified Forest]]

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__TOC__
= Summary =

* West African chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') have been extirpated from Monogaga Classified Forest.
* This site has a total surface area of 398.62 km².
* Threats are not documented.
* Fondation Root is a local NGO that works at the site and aims to create a sanctuary in the forest.




= Site characteristics =



'''Table 1. Basic site information for Monogaga Classified Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
|Species
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|-
|Area
|398.62 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|
|-
|Type of site
|Protected area (Classified Forest)
|-
|Habitat types
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest

|-
|Type of governance
|Governance by government
|}

[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]] 

= Ape status =



'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Monogaga Classified Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Ape_status-table"
!Species
!Year
!Occurrence
!Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)
!Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
!Abundance estimate (95% CI)
!Survey area
!Sampling method
!Analytical framework
!Source
!Comments
!A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2007
|Absent
|
|
|
|Monogaga Classified Forest
|Reconnaissance walk
|
|[[#R01232|Campbell 2008]]
|
|CIV0063
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|1989-1990
|
|
|0.45
|155.0
|Monogaga Classified Forest
|Unknown
|
|[[#R01235|Marchesi et al. 1995]] as cited by [[#R01234|Kormos et al. 2003]]
|
|
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|1988
|
|
|0.5
|175.0
|Monogaga Classified Forest
|Unknown
|
|[[#R01233|Hoppe-Dominik 1991]]
|
|
|}

[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]] 

= Threats =




= Conservation activities =



'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Monogaga Classified Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Conservation_activities-table"
!Category
!Specific activity
!Description
!Implementing organization(s)
!Year of activity
|-
|2 Counter-wildlife crime
|2.8 Provide training to anti-poaching ranger patrols
|The Root Foundation, a local NGO, is carrying out conservation activities and a project to create a sanctuary in the area, where eco-guards are trained and work to protect it (Soiret pers. comm. 2025).
|
|Ongoing (2025)
|-
|5 Protection & restoration
|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
|
|
|Ongoing (2025)
|}

[[Conservation activities]] 

= Challenges =



'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Monogaga Classified Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Challenges-table"
!Challenges
!Specific challenges
!Source
!Year(s)
|-
|
|Not reported
|
|
|}

[[Challenges]] 

= Enablers =




= Research activities =




= Documented behaviours =




= Exposure to climate change impacts =

As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, [[#R02266|Kiribou et al. (2024)]] extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated ([[#R02266|Kiribou et al. 2024]]).

'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Monogaga Classified Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="clima-table"
!Value
!1981-2010
!2021-2050, RCP 2.6
!2021-2050, RCP 6.0
!2071-2099, RCP 2.6
!2071-2099, RCP 6.0
|-
|Mean temperature [C]
|26.4
|27.4
|27.2
|27.4
|28.5
|-
|Annual precipitation [mm]
|1418
|1370
|1447
|1384
|1402
|-
|Max no. consecutive dry days (per year)
|30.5
|29.2
|27.5
|26.9
|31.9
|-
|No. days with heavy precipitation (per year)
|6.9
|6
|5.9
|4.7
|6.7
|}


'''Table 9. Projected exposure of apes to extreme climate impact events in Monogaga Classified Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="clima2-table"
!Type
!No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)
!% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)
!No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)
!% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)
!No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)
!% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)
!No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)
!% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)
|-
|Crop failure
|2
|0.4
|1
|0.46
|0
|0
|0.5
|0.53
|-
|Drought
|0
|0
|0.25
|25
|0
|0
|0.5
|25
|-
|Heatwave
|16
|100
|16.5
|100
|18.5
|100
|16
|100
|-
|River flood
|0
|0
|0
|0
|1
|0
|0.75
|0.08
|-
|Tropical cyclone
|0
|0
|1
|1.18
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|Wildfire
|30
|0.67
|30
|0.62
|29
|0.6
|29
|0.56
|}


<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Monogaga_CF.png| 450px | thumb| none | Precipitation anomaly in Monogaga Classified Forest]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Monogaga_CF.png | 450px | thumb| none | Temperature anomaly in Monogaga Classified Forest]] </li></ul></div>

= External links =



= References =

<span id="R01232"></span>Campbell, G. (2008). Rapport préliminaire sur les parcs nationaux et les forêts classées inventoriés en Côte d’Ivoire. Rapport présenté à la Direction de l’OIPR et de la SODEFOR. Unpublished report.

<span id="R01233"></span>Hoppe-Dominik, B. (1991). Distribution and status of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) on the Ivory Coast. Primate Report, 31, 45–57.

<span id="R01234"></span>Kormos, R., Boesch, C., Bakarr, M. I., & Butynski, T. (Eds.). (2003). West African chimpanzees: Status survey and conservation action plan. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group. IUCN. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120514150708/http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2003-059.pdf link]

<span id="R01235"></span>Marchesi, P., Marchesi, N., Fruth, B., & Boesch, C. (1995). Census and distribution of chimpanzees in Côte D’Ivoire. ''Primates'', 36(4), 591-607. [https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02382880 doi:10.1007/bf02382880]

<span id="R02266"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]



'''Page created by: '''Serge Soiret''' Date:''' 2025-05-27