View source for Sari Bumi Kusama and Suka Jaya Makmur logging concessions

[[Asia]] > [[Indonesia]] > [[Sari Bumi Kusama and Suka Jaya Makmur logging concessions]]

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__TOC__
= Summary =

* Bornean white-bearded gibbons (''Hylobates albibarbis'') and Bornean orangutans (''Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii'') are present in Sari Bumi Kusama and Suka Jaya Makmur logging concessions.
* It has been estimated that 10,812 gibbons occur in Suka Jaya Makmur and 7,191 gibbons occur in Sari Bumi Kusuma.
* The gibbon population trend is unknown.
* The site has a total size of 3,189 km².
* Key threats to gibbons are
* Conservation activities are not documented.

= Site characteristics =

The site is made up of two logging concession areas in Kalimantan, in the Arabela-Schwaner landscape, which is one of WWF's priority landscape regions on the island of Borneo ([[#R01674|Yanuar et al. 2020]]). The Sari Bumi Kusuma (SBK) and Suka Jaya Makmur (SJM) concessions are held by the Alas Kusuma Group. The SBK logging concession, located in Central Kalimantan is approximately 1,476 sq. km and has been in operation since 1978 ([[#R01674|Yanuar et al. 2020]]). SJM, the second logging concession that has been operating since 1979, is located in West Kalimantan and has an area of about 1,713.4 sq. km ([[#R01674|Yanuar et al. 2020]]). SBK is located within the area known as the Heart of Borneo (i.e., the main part of the island with intact forests), while SJM is outside. According to biodiversity assessments conducted by organisations such as The Forest Foundation, Fauna and Flora International, The Nature Conservancy and WWF, two ape species, the Bornean orangutan ''Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii'', and the white-bearded gibbon ''Hylobates albibarbis'', are found in SBK and SJM. However, there is a lack of up-to-date information regarding population status and distribution, especially within logging concessions ([[#R01674|Yanuar et al. 2020]]). SBK is characterised by lowland dipterocarp forest with an elevation range from 100 to 300 m above sea level and hilly lowland forest. SBK is also contiguous with upland forest with an elevation above 700 m a.s.l. Within the concession, several small conservation areas are protected by the logging company ([[#R01674|Yanuar et al. 2020]]).

'''Table 1. Basic site information for Sari Bumi Kusama and Suka Jaya Makmur logging concessions'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
|Species
|''Hylobates albibarbis''
|-
|Area
|3,189 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|
|-
|Type of site
|Logging concession
|-
|Habitat types
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Subtropical/tropical heavily degraded former forest
|-
|Type of governance
|
|}

[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]] 
= Ape status =

Surveys were conducted in 2018 as part of the WWF's Indonesia programme. Considering an average group size of 3.3 individuals (an adult pair and 1-2 offspring in each group), the population in the SBK concession is estimated at 7,191 individuals, while in the SJM concession area the population estimate is about 10,812 individuals ([[#R01674|Yanuar et al. 2020]]).

'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Sari Bumi Kusama and Suka Jaya Makmur logging concessions'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Ape_status-table"
!Species
!Year
!Total number groups (95% CI)
!Density [groups/km²] (95% CI)
!Total number indiv. (95% CI)
!Area
!Method
!Source
!Comments
!A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Hylobates albibarbis''
|2018
|2.29
|
|10812.0
|Suka Jaya Makmur
|Fixed point triangulation
|[[#R01674|Yanuar et al. 2020]]
|
|
|-
|''Hylobates albibarbis''
|2018
|1.86
|
|7191.0
|Sari Bumi Kusuma
|Fixed point triangulation
|[[#R01674|Yanuar et al. 2020]]
|
|
|}

[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]] 
= Threats =

About 10 villages are found within and surrounding SBK, and one large enclave within the northern part of SJM. Most villagers are farmers and hunt for bushmeat ([[#R01674|Yanuar et al. 2020]]).

'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Sari Bumi Kusama and Suka Jaya Makmur logging concessions'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Threats-table"
!Category
!Specific threats
!Threat level
!Description
!Year of threat
|-
|1 Residential & commercial development
|1.1 Residential areas
|Present (unknown severity)
|There are about 10 villages within and surrounding SBK and one large enclave within the northern part of SJM ([[#R01674|Yanuar et al. 2020]]).
|Ongoing (2020)
|-
|5 Biological resource use
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|Present (unknown severity)
|Most local people are farmers and hunt wildlife for food ([[#R01674|Yanuar et al. 2020]]).
|Ongoing (2020)
|}

[[Threats]] 
= Conservation activities =



= Challenges =



'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Sari Bumi Kusama and Suka Jaya Makmur logging concessions'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Challenges-table"
!Challenges
!Specific challenges
!Source
!Year(s)
|-
|
|Not reported
|
|
|}

[[Challenges]] 
= Enablers =



'''Table 6. Enablers reported for Sari Bumi Kusama and Suka Jaya Makmur logging concessions'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="enabler-table"
!Enablers
!Specific enablers
!Source
!Year(s)
|-
|1 Site management
|
|
|
|-
|2 Resources and capacity
|
|
|
|-
|3 Engaged community
|
|
|
|-
|4 Institutional support
|
|
|
|-
|5 Ecological context
|
|
|
|-
|6 Safety and stability
|
|
|
|}

[[Enablers]] 
= Research activities =



= Documented behaviours =



'''Table 7. Behaviours documented for Sari Bumi Kusama and Suka Jaya Makmur logging concessions'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviours-table"
!Category
!Behavior
!Observation type
!Prevalence
!Observation dates
!Source
!Habituation
!Species
!Comment
|-
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

[[Behaviours]] 
= Exposure to climate change impacts =



= External links =



= References =

<span id="R01674"></span>Yanuar, A., Chivers, D., Hilman, I., Saleh, C., Putra, I. B. W., Purnomo, S., & Wasman, K. (2020). Population Survey of Bornean White-Bearded Gibbon, Hylobates albibarbis, in Two Selective Logging Concessions in Central Kalimantan and West Kalimantan. Folia Primatologica, 91(2), 108-121. https://doi.org/10.1159/000502092



'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2022-01-28