Budongo Central Forest Reserve - Revision history

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	<span id="R00223"></span>Reynolds, V. (2020). Background info for Uganda's OIL oil extraction project: ESIAs from 2018 + some more recent information (unpublished).		<span id="R00223"></span>Reynolds, V. (2020). Background info for Uganda's OIL oil extraction project: ESIAs from 2018 + some more recent information (unpublished).

	<span id="R02161"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~1-19~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02161"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

	<span id="R01994"></span>Environmental Impact Assessment by Total. http://nema.go.ug/sites/all/themes/nema/docs/TILENGA%20ESIA%20Volume%20III_13-09-18.pdf [https://web.archive.org/web/20251001174818/https://nema.go.ug/sites/all/themes/nema/docs/TILENGA%20ESIA%20Volume%20III_13-09-18.pdf link]		<span id="R01994"></span>Environmental Impact Assessment by Total. http://nema.go.ug/sites/all/themes/nema/docs/TILENGA%20ESIA%20Volume%20III_13-09-18.pdf [https://web.archive.org/web/20251001174818/https://nema.go.ug/sites/all/themes/nema/docs/TILENGA%20ESIA%20Volume%20III_13-09-18.pdf link]

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	<span id="R00223"></span>Reynolds, V. (2020). Background info for Uganda's OIL oil extraction project: ESIAs from 2018 + some more recent information (unpublished).		<span id="R00223"></span>Reynolds, V. (2020). Background info for Uganda's OIL oil extraction project: ESIAs from 2018 + some more recent information (unpublished).

	<span id="R02161"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~e0000345~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02161"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

	<span id="R01994"></span>Environmental Impact Assessment by Total. http://nema.go.ug/sites/all/themes/nema/docs/TILENGA%20ESIA%20Volume%20III_13-09-18.pdf [https://web.archive.org/web/20251001174818/https://nema.go.ug/sites/all/themes/nema/docs/TILENGA%20ESIA%20Volume%20III_13-09-18.pdf link]		<span id="R01994"></span>Environmental Impact Assessment by Total. http://nema.go.ug/sites/all/themes/nema/docs/TILENGA%20ESIA%20Volume%20III_13-09-18.pdf [https://web.archive.org/web/20251001174818/https://nema.go.ug/sites/all/themes/nema/docs/TILENGA%20ESIA%20Volume%20III_13-09-18.pdf link]

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	\|2 Counter-wildlife crime		\|2 Counter-wildlife crime
	\|2.13 Provide sustainable alternative livelihoods; establish fish- or domestic meat farms		\|2.13 Provide sustainable alternative livelihoods; establish fish- or domestic meat farms
	\|Collaboration and sensitisation work with the local community (e.g. goat farming scheme, which aims to reduce reliance on bushmeat; Hobaiter & Reynolds pers. comm. 2020; [[#R00222\|Reynolds 2005]]; [~~http://www.budongo.org/~~ BCFS]).		\|Collaboration and sensitisation work with the local community (e.g. goat farming scheme, which aims to reduce reliance on bushmeat; Hobaiter & Reynolds pers. comm. 2020; [[#R00222\|Reynolds 2005]]; [[#R00219\|BCFS]]).
	\|		\|
	\|2005-Ongoing (2020)		\|2005-Ongoing (2020)

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	<span id="R02161"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02161"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

	<span id="R01994"></span>Environmental Impact Assessment by Total. http://nema.go.ug/sites/all/themes/nema/docs/TILENGA%20ESIA%20Volume%20III_13-09-18.pdf		<span id="R01994"></span>Environmental Impact Assessment by Total. http://nema.go.ug/sites/all/themes/nema/docs/TILENGA%20ESIA%20Volume%20III_13-09-18.pdf [https://web.archive.org/web/20251001174818/https://nema.go.ug/sites/all/themes/nema/docs/TILENGA%20ESIA%20Volume%20III_13-09-18.pdf link]



	'''Page created by: '''Cat Hobaiter & Vernon Reynolds''' Date:''' 2020-11-25		'''Page created by: '''Cat Hobaiter & Vernon Reynolds''' Date:''' 2020-11-25

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Show changes

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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. ~~subm.~~ extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (~~see~~ Kiribou et al. ~~subm. for details~~).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Budongo Central Forest Reserve'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Budongo Central Forest Reserve'''

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	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''		\|''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''
	\|~~2000~~		\|2009
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|1.36		\|1.89
	\|~~584 (356-723)~~		\|
	\|Budongo Forest		\|Budongo Forest
	\|Line transects		\|Line transects
	\|		\|
	\|~~Plumptre, Cox & Mugume 2003~~		\|Babweteera et al. 2009
	\|Survey effort: ~~513~~.7 km		\|Survey effort: 423.5 km
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''		\|''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''
	\|~~2009~~		\|2000
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|1.89		\|1.36
	\|		\|584 (356-723)
	\|Budongo Forest		\|Budongo Forest
	\|Line transects		\|Line transects
	\|		\|
	\|~~Babweteera et al. 2009~~		\|Plumptre, Cox & Mugume 2003
	\|Survey effort: ~~423~~.5 km		\|Survey effort: 513.7 km
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}
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	= References =		= References =

	Asiimwe, C., Akankwasa, W. & Mugabe, T. (2019). Prevalence and associated risk factors for respiratory disease outbreaks in habituated chimpanzee communities under chimpanzee health monitoring in the Albertine Rift or Uganda in the past five years. Paper presented at the 2nd African Primatological Society ~~conference~~. Retrieved from: https://apsuganda.africanprimatologicalsociety.org/book-of-abstracts/		Asiimwe, C., Akankwasa, W., & Mugabe, T. (2019). Prevalence and associated risk factors for respiratory disease outbreaks in habituated chimpanzee communities under chimpanzee health monitoring in the Albertine Rift of Uganda in the past five years. Paper presented at the 2nd African Primatological Society Conference. Retrieved from https://apsuganda.africanprimatologicalsociety.org/book-of-abstracts/ <br>

	Babweteera, F, Haenni, D.C., Plumptre, A.J., Richardson, J., Hughes, L. & Apel, P. (2009). Primate and large mammal survey of Budongo Forest Reserve. Unpublished report.		Babweteera, F., Haenni, D. C., Plumptre, A. J., Richardson, J., Hughes, L., & Apel, P. (2009). Primate and large mammal survey of Budongo Forest Reserve. Unpublished report. <br>

	Budongo Conservation Field Station (BCFS). (n.d.). Retrieved from: http://www.budongo.org/		Budongo Conservation Field Station (BCFS). (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.budongo.org/ <br>

	Eryenyu,D., Nyombi, H., Asiimwe, C., Businge, M., Muhanguzi, G. & Babweetera, F. (2019). Implications in change in fruiting phenology on primate foraging behavior. Paper presented at the 2nd African Primatological Society ~~conference~~. Retrieved from: https://apsuganda.africanprimatologicalsociety.org/book-of-abstracts/		Eryenyu, D., Nyombi, H., Asiimwe, C., Businge, M., Muhanguzi, G., & Babweetera, F. (2019). Implications in change in fruiting phenology on primate foraging behavior. Paper presented at the 2nd African Primatological Society Conference. Retrieved from https://apsuganda.africanprimatologicalsociety.org/book-of-abstracts/ <br>

	Plumptre A.J., Cox, D. & Mugume, S. (2003). The ~~Status~~ of ~~Chimpanzees~~ in Uganda. Albertine Rift Technical Report Series No. 2. Wildlife Conservation Society.		Plumptre, A. J., Cox, D., & Mugume, S. (2003). The status of chimpanzees in Uganda. Albertine Rift Technical Report Series No. 2. Wildlife Conservation Society. <br>

	Reynolds, V. (2005). The chimpanzees of the Budongo Forest: Ecology, behaviour, and conservation. Oxford~~: Oxford Univ.~~ Press.		Reynolds, V. (2005). The chimpanzees of the Budongo Forest: Ecology, behaviour, and conservation. Oxford University Press. <br>

	Reynolds, V. (2020). Background info for Uganda's OIL oil extraction project: ESIAs from 2018 + some more recent information (unpublished).		Reynolds, V. (2020). Background info for Uganda's OIL oil extraction project: ESIAs from 2018 + some more recent information (unpublished). <br>



	'''Page created by: '''Cat Hobaiter & Vernon Reynolds''' Date:''' 2020-11-25		'''Page created by: '''Cat Hobaiter & Vernon Reynolds''' Date:''' 2020-11-25

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 * The Budongo Conservation Field Station (BCFS) is actively involved in the implementation of conservation activities, such as conservation awareness raising, alternative livelihood programs, and providing veterinary care.
 * The BCFS was founded in 1990 by Professor Vernon Reynolds, who first started studying chimpanzees in the Budongo forest in 1962.
 [[File:Budongo_chimpanzee.jpg | 400px | thumb| none |Budongo chimpanzees © Cat Hobaiter]]
 = Site characteristics =
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 !Description
 !Year of threat
 |-
 |2 Agriculture & aquaculture
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 |Intermittent threat. Encroachment of forest habitat for farming and monoculture (Hobaiter & Reynolds pers. comm. 2020; Reynolds 2005).
 |2005-Ongoing (2020)
 |-
 |5 Biological resource use
@@ Line 123: / Line 143: @@
 |Loss of trees for charcoal burning and firewood. Illegal logging is present throughout forest, in particular outside of the immediate research areas; includes chimpanzee feeding species (Hobaiter & Reynolds pers. comm. 2020; Reynolds 2005).
 |2005-Ongoing (2020)
 |-
 |8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases

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	\|Liaison with NFA re-enforcement of forest protection (Reynolds pers. comm. 2020)		\|Liaison with NFA re-enforcement of forest protection (Reynolds pers. comm. 2020)
	\|		\|
	\|Ongoing (~~2020~~)		\|Ongoing (2026)
	\|-		\|-
	\|7 Economic & other incentives		\|7 Economic & other incentives

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+|
 |2005-Ongoing (2020)
 |-
 |4 Education & awareness
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+|
 |2005-Ongoing (2020)
 |-
 |7 Economic & other incentives
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 |2005-Ongoing (2020)
 |}