Bulindi Area - Revision history

WikiEdit at 21:52, 15 October 2026

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	<span id="R02074"></span>BCCP. (2020). 2019 annual report to friends & funders. Bulindi Chimpanzee and Community Project, Hoima, Uganda.		<span id="R02074"></span>BCCP. (2020). 2019 annual report to friends & funders. Bulindi Chimpanzee and Community Project, Hoima, Uganda.

	<span id="R02164"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~1-19~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02164"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

WikiEdit at 14:33, 15 October 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 10:33, 15 October 2026
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	<span id="R02074"></span>BCCP. (2020). 2019 annual report to friends & funders. Bulindi Chimpanzee and Community Project, Hoima, Uganda.		<span id="R02074"></span>BCCP. (2020). 2019 annual report to friends & funders. Bulindi Chimpanzee and Community Project, Hoima, Uganda.

	<span id="R02164"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~e0000345~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02164"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

WikiEdit at 19:08, 14 October 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 15:08, 14 October 2026
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	<span id="R00256"></span>BCCP. (2024). 2024 progress report to friends & funders. Bulindi Chimpanzee and Community Project, Hoima, Uganda.		<span id="R00256"></span>BCCP. (2024). 2024 progress report to friends & funders. Bulindi Chimpanzee and Community Project, Hoima, Uganda.

	<span id="R00257"></span>Cibot, M., Le Roux, S., Rohen, J., & McLennan, M. R. (2019a). Death of a trapped chimpanzee: Survival and conservation of great apes in unprotected agricultural areas of Uganda. African Primates, 13, 47–56.		<span id="R00257"></span>Cibot, M., Le Roux, S., Rohen, J., & McLennan, M. R. (2019a). Death of a trapped chimpanzee: Survival and conservation of great apes in unprotected agricultural areas of Uganda. African Primates, 13, 47–56. [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e4b38d64f1a0639b34f23220d1a5ac3a6f65db6a link]

	<span id="R00258"></span>Cibot, M., McCarthy, M. S., Lester, J. D., Vigilant, L., Sabiiti, T., & McLennan, M. R. (2019b). Infant carrying by a wild chimpanzee father at Bulindi, Uganda. Primates, 60(4), 333–338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-019-00726-z		<span id="R00258"></span>Cibot, M., McCarthy, M. S., Lester, J. D., Vigilant, L., Sabiiti, T., & McLennan, M. R. (2019b). Infant carrying by a wild chimpanzee father at Bulindi, Uganda. Primates, 60(4), 333–338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-019-00726-z

WikiEdit at 20:26, 12 October 2026

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WikiEdit at 12:13, 3 September 2026

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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. ~~subm.~~ extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (~~see~~ Kiribou et al. ~~subm. for details~~).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Bulindi Area'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Bulindi Area'''

WikiEdit at 14:43, 1 September 2026

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WikiEdit at 09:30, 21 April 2026

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	\|-		\|-
	\|4 Institutional support		\|4 Institutional support
	\|4.2 Lack of ~~government support~~		\|4.1 Lack of law enforcement
	\|McLennan 2008		\|McLennan 2008
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|4 Institutional support		\|4 Institutional support
	\|4.1 Lack of ~~law enforcement~~		\|4.2 Lack of government support
	\|McLennan 2008		\|McLennan 2008
	\|		\|

WikiEdit at 14:42, 25 March 2026

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 * Key threats to chimpanzees are habitat loss, human-chimpanzee conflict, lethal crop protection measures, roads, and diseases.
 * Conservations activities implemented by the Bulindi Chimpanzee and Community Project focus on supporting local residents through livelihood alternatives to deforestation, extensive tree planting, investing in children’s education, local community outreach, and provision of boreholes and energy stoves.
 [[File:Male_chimpanzees_crossing_the_road_in_Bulindi_(Photo_by_Jacqueline_Rohen)_2.jpg | 350px | thumb| none |Male chimpanzees crossing the road in Bulindi (Photo by Jacqueline Rohen)]]
@@ Line 105: / Line 101: @@
 !Description
 !Year of threat
 |-
 |2 Agriculture & aquaculture
@@ Line 117: / Line 107: @@
 |Agricultural expansion for both subsistence crops and cash crops such as sugarcane, tobacco, maize and rice (McLennan & Plumptre 2012; McLennan & Hill 2015). Between 2006 and 2014, 80% of forest in the chimpanzees' home range was cleared entirely for farming (McLennan et al. 2020; van Dijk et al. 2021).
 |2006-Ongoing (2024)
 |-
 |4 Transportation & service corridors
@@ Line 142: / Line 114: @@
 |2015-Ongoing (2024)
 |-
-|12 Other threat
+|5 Biological resource use
-|Other
+|5.1.5 Persecution/human wildlife conflict
 |High (more than 70% of population affected)
-|High exposure to anthropogenic stressors including hostile interactions with local humans, roads, dogs, anthropogenic noise (McLennan et al. 2019a; Tellier et al. 2025). Chimpanzee fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations were substantially higher in chimpanzees in Bulindi compared to conspecifics in minimally-disturbed habitat in nearby Budongo Forest (McLennan et al. 2019a).
+|The chimpanzees are at high risk of potentially lethal crop protection measures, particularly large steel leg-hold traps (known as 'mantraps'). Mantraps are placed by agricultural fields by a minority of farmers to deter crop-foraging wildlife including wild pigs, monkeys and the chimpanzees (McLennan et al. 2012; Cibot et al. 2019a). At least 5 chimpanzees caught in steel traps, 2007-2011 (McLennan et al. 2012).
-|2019-Ongoing (2024)
+|2007-Ongoing (2024)
 |-
 |6 Human intrusions & disturbance
@@ Line 153: / Line 131: @@
 |Chimpanzees in Bulindi share their landscape with a high-density human population. The chimpanzees encounter people working in gardens and agricultural fields, or engaged in other work activities (e.g. house building, carpentry, cattle herding), on a daily basis.
 |2020-Ongoing (2024)
 |-
 |7 Natural system modifications
@@ Line 159: / Line 143: @@
 |Fires used for clearing agricultural gardens threaten remaining forest areas during dry seasons.
 |2020-Ongoing (2024)
 |-
 |9 Pollution

WikiEdit at 14:26, 23 December 2025

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 !Implementing organization(s)
 !Year of activity
 |-
 |5 Protection & restoration
@@ Line 198: / Line 216: @@
 |Bulindi Chimpanzee and Community Project
 |2015-Ongoing (2024)
 |-
 |7 Economic & other incentives

WikiEdit at 07:04, 6 November 2025

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	<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Bulindi.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly ~~inBulindi~~ Area]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Bulindi.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly ~~inBulindi~~ Area]] </li></ul></div>		<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Bulindi.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly in Bulindi Area]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Bulindi.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly in Bulindi Area]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =