Fongoli Savanna Chimpanzee Project - Revision history

WikiEdit at 21:52, 15 October 2026

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	<span id="R00573"></span>Wessling, E.G., Eshuis, H., Llana, M., Pacheco, L., Pruetz, J.D., & H.S. Kühl. (In Review). Ecological and climatic gradients correlate with decreasing savanna chimpanzee (Pan trodglodytes verus) densities at the range limit. Int J Primatol.		<span id="R00573"></span>Wessling, E.G., Eshuis, H., Llana, M., Pacheco, L., Pruetz, J.D., & H.S. Kühl. (In Review). Ecological and climatic gradients correlate with decreasing savanna chimpanzee (Pan trodglodytes verus) densities at the range limit. Int J Primatol.

	<span id="R02194"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~1-19~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02194"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]



	'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2019-11-20		'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2019-11-20

WikiEdit at 14:33, 15 October 2026

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	<span id="R00573"></span>Wessling, E.G., Eshuis, H., Llana, M., Pacheco, L., Pruetz, J.D., & H.S. Kühl. (In Review). Ecological and climatic gradients correlate with decreasing savanna chimpanzee (Pan trodglodytes verus) densities at the range limit. Int J Primatol.		<span id="R00573"></span>Wessling, E.G., Eshuis, H., Llana, M., Pacheco, L., Pruetz, J.D., & H.S. Kühl. (In Review). Ecological and climatic gradients correlate with decreasing savanna chimpanzee (Pan trodglodytes verus) densities at the range limit. Int J Primatol.

	<span id="R02194"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~e0000345~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02194"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]



	'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2019-11-20		'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2019-11-20

WikiEdit at 19:09, 14 October 2026

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	<span id="R00565"></span>Pruetz, J. D., & Herzog, N. M. (2017). Savanna Chimpanzees at Fongoli, Senegal, Navigate a Fire Landscape. ''Current Anthropology'', 58(S16), S337-S350. [https://doi.org/10.1086/692112 doi:10.1086/692112]		<span id="R00565"></span>Pruetz, J. D., & Herzog, N. M. (2017). Savanna Chimpanzees at Fongoli, Senegal, Navigate a Fire Landscape. ''Current Anthropology'', 58(S16), S337-S350. [https://doi.org/10.1086/692112 doi:10.1086/692112]

	<span id="R00566"></span>Pruetz, J. D., & Kante, D. (2010). Successful return of a wild infant chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) to its natal group after capture by poachers. African Primates, 7(1), 35.		<span id="R00566"></span>Pruetz, J. D., & Kante, D. (2010). Successful return of a wild infant chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) to its natal group after capture by poachers. African Primates, 7(1), 35. [http://www.primate-sg.org/african-primates-volume-7-1/ link]

	<span id="R00567"></span>Pruetz, J. D., & LaDuke, T. C. (2010). Brief communication: Reaction to fire by savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Fongoli, Senegal: Conceptualization of" fire behavior" and the case for a chimpanzee model. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 141(4), 646-650. [https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21245 doi:10.1002/ajpa.21245]		<span id="R00567"></span>Pruetz, J. D., & LaDuke, T. C. (2010). Brief communication: Reaction to fire by savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Fongoli, Senegal: Conceptualization of" fire behavior" and the case for a chimpanzee model. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 141(4), 646-650. [https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21245 doi:10.1002/ajpa.21245]

WikiEdit at 20:27, 12 October 2026

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Show changes

WikiEdit at 12:14, 3 September 2026

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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. ~~subm.~~ extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (~~see~~ Kiribou et al. ~~subm. for details~~).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Fongoli Savanna Chimpanzee Project'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Fongoli Savanna Chimpanzee Project'''

WikiEdit at 14:45, 1 September 2026

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	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes verus''		\|''Pan troglodytes verus''
	\|~~2000~~		\|2005-2016
			\|
	\|		\|
	~~\|49~~
	~~\|0.09~~
	\|		\|
	\|~~Fongoli~~		\|32 (28-36)
	\|~~Strip transect, Reconnaissance walk~~		\|90 km²
			\|Full count
	\|		\|
	\|Pruetz ~~et al. 2002~~		\|Pruetz 2018
	\|*note, not traditional line transect estimation , identified ~~as Tomboronkoto in the article. Transects targeted likely chimpanzee locations. Encounter rate (nests/km) 285 nests/5.8 km~~		\|Based on data collected on identified individuals
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
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	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes verus''		\|''Pan troglodytes verus''
	\|~~2005-2016~~		\|2000
	\|		\|
			\|49
			\|0.09
	\|		\|
			\|Fongoli
			\|Strip transect, Reconnaissance walk
	\|		\|
	~~\|32 (28-36)~~		\|Pruetz et al. 2002
	~~\|90 km²~~		\|*note, not traditional line transect estimation , identified as Tomboronkoto in the article. Transects targeted likely chimpanzee locations. Encounter rate (nests/km) 285 nests/5.8 km
	~~\|Full count~~
	\|
	\|Pruetz ~~2018~~
	\|~~Based on data collected on~~ identified ~~individuals~~
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

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	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes verus''		\|''Pan troglodytes verus''
	\|~~2005-2016~~		\|2000
	\|		\|
			\|49
			\|0.09
	\|		\|
			\|Fongoli
			\|Strip transect, Reconnaissance walk
	\|		\|
	~~\|32 (28-36)~~		\|Pruetz et al. 2002
	~~\|90 km²~~		\|*note, not traditional line transect estimation , identified as Tomboronkoto in the article. Transects targeted likely chimpanzee locations. Encounter rate (nests/km) 285 nests/5.8 km
	~~\|Full count~~
	\|
	\|Pruetz ~~2018~~
	\|~~Based on data collected on~~ identified ~~individuals~~
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
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	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes verus''		\|''Pan troglodytes verus''
	\|~~2000~~		\|2005-2016
			\|
	\|		\|
	~~\|49~~
	~~\|0.09~~
	\|		\|
	\|~~Fongoli~~		\|32 (28-36)
	\|~~Strip transect, Reconnaissance walk~~		\|90 km²
			\|Full count
	\|		\|
	\|Pruetz ~~et al. 2002~~		\|Pruetz 2018
	\|*note, not traditional line transect estimation , identified ~~as Tomboronkoto in the article. Transects targeted likely chimpanzee locations. Encounter rate (nests/km) 285 nests/5.8 km~~		\|Based on data collected on identified individuals
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

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	* Key threats to chimpanzees are artisanal mining, resource competition, and habitat loss.		* Key threats to chimpanzees are artisanal mining, resource competition, and habitat loss.
	* This community of chimpanzees has been studied since 2001 and habituated since 2005. They are the only known chimpanzee community to hunt their prey with sharpened sticks. These chimpanzees also evade the heat of their environment by soaking in free-standing water, using caves, and staying active after night fall.		* This community of chimpanzees has been studied since 2001 and habituated since 2005. They are the only known chimpanzee community to hunt their prey with sharpened sticks. These chimpanzees also evade the heat of their environment by soaking in free-standing water, using caves, and staying active after night fall.





	[[File: SEN_Fongoli_chimp_pool_Erin_Wessling_small.jpg \| 400px \| thumb\| none \|Chimpanzees, Fongoli (Senegal) © Erin Wessling]]		[[File: SEN_Fongoli_chimp_pool_Erin_Wessling_small.jpg \| 400px \| thumb\| none \|Chimpanzees, Fongoli (Senegal) © Erin Wessling]]
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	!Description		!Description
	!Year of threat		!Year of threat
			\|-
			\|11 Climate change & severe weather
			\|11.3 Temperature extremes
			\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
			\|Naturally high temperature extremes: Pruetz and Bertolani 2009; Wessling et al. 2018
			\|2009-Ongoing (2018)
	\|-		\|-
	\|2 Agriculture & aquaculture		\|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
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	\|2006-Ongoing (2012)		\|2006-Ongoing (2012)
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~11 Climate change~~ & ~~severe weather~~		\|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
	\|11.3 ~~Temperature extremes~~		\|2.3 Livestock farming & ranching
	\|~~High~~ (~~more than~~ 70% of population affected)		\|Medium (30-70% of population affected)
	\|~~Naturally high temperature extremes: Pruetz and Bertolani 2009;~~ Wessling ~~et al~~. ~~2018~~		\|Nomadic grazing (Wessling pers. obs. 2019)
	\|~~2009-~~Ongoing (~~2018~~)		\|Ongoing (2019)
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~7 Natural system modifications~~		\|3 Energy production & mining
	\|7.~~1 Fire~~ & ~~fire suppression~~		\|3.2 Mining & quarrying
	\|High (more than 70% of population affected)		\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
	\|~~Pruetz and Herzog~~ 2017; ~~Pruetz and LaDuke 2010~~		\|Artisanal Gold Mining: Boyer-Ontl 2017; Lindshield et al. 2019
	\|~~2010-~~Ongoing (~~2017~~)		\|Ongoing (2019)
	\|-		\|-
	\|5 Biological resource use		\|5 Biological resource use
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	\|Wood harvesting: Boyer-Ontl 2017		\|Wood harvesting: Boyer-Ontl 2017
	\|Ongoing (2017)		\|Ongoing (2017)
			\|-
			\|7 Natural system modifications
			\|7.1 Fire & fire suppression
			\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
			\|Pruetz and Herzog 2017; Pruetz and LaDuke 2010
			\|2010-Ongoing (2017)
	\|-		\|-
	\|9 Pollution		\|9 Pollution
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	\|Seepage from mining, known mercury pollution in the immediate region (Gerson et al. 2018)		\|Seepage from mining, known mercury pollution in the immediate region (Gerson et al. 2018)
	\|Ongoing (2018)		\|Ongoing (2018)
	\|-
	~~\|2 Agriculture & aquaculture~~
	~~\|2.3 Livestock farming & ranching~~
	~~\|Medium (30-70% of population affected)~~
	~~\|Nomadic grazing (Wessling pers. obs. 2019)~~
	~~\|Ongoing (2019)~~
	\|-
	~~\|3 Energy production & mining~~
	~~\|3.2 Mining & quarrying~~
	~~\|High (more than 70% of population affected)~~
	~~\|Artisanal Gold Mining: Boyer-Ontl 2017; Lindshield et al. 2019~~
	~~\|Ongoing (2019)~~
	\|}		\|}

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	!Year of activity		!Year of activity
	\|-		\|-
	\|6 Species ~~management~~		\|3 Species health
	\|6.1 ~~Habituate~~ primates ~~to human~~ presence ~~to reduce stress from tourists~~/~~researchers~~		\|3.1 Wear face-masks to avoid transmission of viral and bacterial diseases to primates
	\|~~Chimpanzees were habituated~~ for ~~research~~		\|Researchers must wear face masks while in the presence of chimpanzees (Pruetz and Kante 2010)
			\|
			\|2012-Ongoing
			\|-
			\|3 Species health
			\|3.10 Treat sick/injured apes
			\|A confiscated 9-months old female was treated for its injured eye before being released back to its natal group (Pruetz and Kante 2010)
	\|		\|
	\|~~2001-2005~~		\|2010
	\|-		\|-
	\|3 Species health		\|3 Species health
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	\|2001-Ongoing		\|2001-Ongoing
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~7 Economic~~ & ~~other incentives~~		\|4 Education & awareness
	\|7.~~1 Provide monetary benefits to~~ local ~~communities for sustainably managing their forest~~ and ~~its wildlife (e.g., REDD, alternative income, employment)~~		\|4.2 Involve local community in ape research and conservation management
	\|People hired for research and conservation with the FSCP		\|People hired for research and conservation with the FSCP
	\|		\|
	\|~~2001-~~Ongoing (2019)		\|Ongoing (2019)
	\|-
	~~\|8 Permanent presence~~
	~~\|8.1 Run research project and ensure permanent human presence at site~~
	~~\|Fongoli Savanna Research Project~~
	\|
	~~\|2001-Ongoing (2019)~~
	\|-
	~~\|3 Species health~~
	~~\|3.10 Treat sick/injured apes~~
	~~\|A confiscated 9-months old female was treated for its injured eye before being released back to its natal group (Pruetz and Kante 2010)~~
	\|
	~~\|2010~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|4 Education & awareness		\|4 Education & awareness
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	\|		\|
	\|2010		\|2010
			\|-
			\|6 Species management
			\|6.1 Habituate primates to human presence to reduce stress from tourists/researchers
			\|Chimpanzees were habituated for research
			\|
			\|2001-2005
	\|-		\|-
	\|6 Species management		\|6 Species management
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	\|2010		\|2010
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~3 Species health~~		\|7 Economic & other incentives
	\|3.1 ~~Wear face-masks~~ to ~~avoid transmission of viral~~ and ~~bacterial diseases to primates~~		\|7.1 Provide monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g., REDD, alternative income, employment)
	\|~~Researchers must wear face masks while in~~ the ~~presence of chimpanzees (Pruetz and Kante 2010)~~		\|People hired for research and conservation with the FSCP
	\|		\|
	\|~~2012~~-Ongoing		\|2001-Ongoing (2019)
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~4 Education & awareness~~		\|8 Permanent presence
	\|4.~~2 Involve local community in ape~~ research and ~~conservation management~~		\|8.1 Run research project and ensure permanent human presence at site
	\|~~People hired for research and conservation with the FSCP~~		\|Fongoli Savanna Research Project
	\|		\|
	\|Ongoing (2019)		\|2001-Ongoing (2019)
	\|}		\|}

WikiEdit at 07:06, 6 November 2025

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	<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Fongoli_Savanna_Chimpanzee_Project.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly ~~inFongoli~~ Savanna Chimpanzee Project]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Fongoli_Savanna_Chimpanzee_Project.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly ~~inFongoli~~ Savanna Chimpanzee Project]] </li></ul></div>		<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Fongoli_Savanna_Chimpanzee_Project.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly in Fongoli Savanna Chimpanzee Project]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Fongoli_Savanna_Chimpanzee_Project.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly in Fongoli Savanna Chimpanzee Project]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =