Foya Proposed Protected Area - Revision history

WikiEdit at 21:52, 15 October 2026

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	<span id="R00581"></span>Wilson, S. T. K., Wang, H., Kabenge, M., & Qi, X. (2017). The mining sector of Liberia: current practices and environmental challenges. ''Environmental Science and Pollution Research'', 24(23), 18711-18720. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9647-4 doi:10.1007/s11356-017-9647-4]		<span id="R00581"></span>Wilson, S. T. K., Wang, H., Kabenge, M., & Qi, X. (2017). The mining sector of Liberia: current practices and environmental challenges. ''Environmental Science and Pollution Research'', 24(23), 18711-18720. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9647-4 doi:10.1007/s11356-017-9647-4]

	<span id="R02195"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~1-19~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02195"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]



	'''Page created by: '''Martina Vogt & Sorrel Jones''' Date:''' 2019-12-09		'''Page created by: '''Martina Vogt & Sorrel Jones''' Date:''' 2019-12-09

WikiEdit at 14:33, 15 October 2026

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	<span id="R00579"></span>Norwegian International Climate and Forest Initiative (NICFI) (2016). Forest and Mosaic Landscape Restoration in Lofa County, Liberia. [https://www.regjeringen.no/contentassets/ea162fa8497941cdb24c7b043a7611c8/report-nicfi-lofa-county-final.pdf link]		<span id="R00579"></span>Norwegian International Climate and Forest Initiative (NICFI) (2016). Forest and Mosaic Landscape Restoration in Lofa County, Liberia. [https://www.regjeringen.no/contentassets/ea162fa8497941cdb24c7b043a7611c8/report-nicfi-lofa-county-final.pdf link]

	<span id="R00580"></span>Tweh, C. G., Lormie, M. M., Kouakou, C. Y., Hillers, A., Kühl, H. S., & Junker, J. (~~2014~~). Conservation status of ~~chimpanzeesPan~~ troglodytes ~~verusand~~ other large mammals in Liberia: a nationwide survey. ''Oryx'', 49(4), 710-718. [https://doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313001191 doi:10.1017/s0030605313001191]		<span id="R00580"></span>Tweh, C. G., Lormie, M. M., Kouakou, C. Y., Hillers, A., Kühl, H. S., & Junker, J. (2015). Conservation status of chimpanzees Pan troglodytes verus and other large mammals in Liberia: a nationwide survey. ''Oryx'', 49(4), 710-718. [https://doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313001191 doi:10.1017/s0030605313001191]

	<span id="R00581"></span>Wilson, S. T. K., Wang, H., Kabenge, M., & Qi, X. (2017). The mining sector of Liberia: current practices and environmental challenges. ''Environmental Science and Pollution Research'', 24(23), 18711-18720. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9647-4 doi:10.1007/s11356-017-9647-4]		<span id="R00581"></span>Wilson, S. T. K., Wang, H., Kabenge, M., & Qi, X. (2017). The mining sector of Liberia: current practices and environmental challenges. ''Environmental Science and Pollution Research'', 24(23), 18711-18720. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9647-4 doi:10.1007/s11356-017-9647-4]

	<span id="R02195"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~e0000345~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02195"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]



	'''Page created by: '''Martina Vogt & Sorrel Jones''' Date:''' 2019-12-09		'''Page created by: '''Martina Vogt & Sorrel Jones''' Date:''' 2019-12-09

WikiEdit at 20:27, 12 October 2026

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Show changes

WikiEdit at 12:14, 3 September 2026

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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. ~~subm.~~ extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (~~see~~ Kiribou et al. ~~subm. for details~~).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Foya Proposed Protected Area'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Foya Proposed Protected Area'''

WikiEdit at 14:45, 1 September 2026

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	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes verus''		\|''Pan troglodytes verus''
	\|~~2018~~		\|2019
	\|Present		\|Present
	\|		\|
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	\|Reconnaissance walk		\|Reconnaissance walk
	\|		\|
	\|~~Society for the Conservation of Nature of Liberia~~		\|ELRECO Nationwide Forest Elephant Status Survey
	\|~~Reconnaissance walk~~		\|
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes verus''		\|''Pan troglodytes verus''
	\|~~2019~~		\|2018
	\|Present		\|Present
	\|		\|
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	\|Reconnaissance walk		\|Reconnaissance walk
	\|		\|
	\|~~ELRECO Nationwide Forest Elephant Status Survey~~		\|Society for the Conservation of Nature of Liberia
	\|		\|Reconnaissance walk
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-

WikiEdit at 14:43, 25 March 2026

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	* The GolaMA Project supports communities to manage forest resources sustainably.		* The GolaMA Project supports communities to manage forest resources sustainably.
	* Foya is the largest of the proposed protected areas (Johnson 2015) and forms part of an Important Bird Area (IBA).		* Foya is the largest of the proposed protected areas (Johnson 2015) and forms part of an Important Bird Area (IBA).





	= Site characteristics =		= Site characteristics =
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	!Year of threat		!Year of threat
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~5 Biological resource use~~		\|1 Residential & commercial development
	~~\|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting~~		\|1.1 Residential areas
	~~\|Low (up to 30% of population affected)~~
	~~\|Area overlapped with Private-Use Permits, which have been withdrawn (Johnson 2015, Junker et al. 2015)~~
	~~\|2013-2015~~
	\|-
	~~\|3 Energy production~~ & ~~mining~~
	\|3.~~2 Mining & quarrying~~
	\|Medium (30-70% of population affected)		\|Medium (30-70% of population affected)
	\|~~Mining~~ for ~~gold and other minerals (Johnson 2015)~~		\|Many settlements within the boundary of the Proposed Protected Area, that have been established for many years.
	\|Ongoing (~~2015~~)		\|Ongoing (2019)
	\|-		\|-
	\|2 Agriculture & aquaculture		\|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
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	\|Ongoing (2016)		\|Ongoing (2016)
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~1 Residential~~ & ~~commercial development~~		\|3 Energy production & mining
	\|1.~~1 Residential areas~~		\|3.2 Mining & quarrying
	\|Medium (30-70% of population affected)		\|Medium (30-70% of population affected)
	\|~~Many settlements within the boundary~~ of ~~the Proposed Protected~~ Area, ~~that~~ have been ~~established for many years~~.		\|Mining for gold and other minerals (Johnson 2015)
	\|~~Ongoing (2019)~~		\|Ongoing (2015)
			\|-
			\|5 Biological resource use
			\|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
			\|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
			\|Area overlapped with Private-Use Permits, which have been withdrawn (Johnson 2015, Junker et al. 2015)
			\|2013-2015
	\|}		\|}

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	<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Foya.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly ~~inFoya~~ Proposed Protected Area]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Foya.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly ~~inFoya~~ Proposed Protected Area]] </li></ul></div>		<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Foya.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly in Foya Proposed Protected Area]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Foya.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly in Foya Proposed Protected Area]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =

WikiEdit at 06:49, 6 November 2025

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	* The GolaMA Project supports communities to manage forest resources sustainably.		* The GolaMA Project supports communities to manage forest resources sustainably.
	* Foya is the largest of the proposed protected areas (Johnson 2015) and forms part of an Important Bird Area (IBA).		* Foya is the largest of the proposed protected areas (Johnson 2015) and forms part of an Important Bird Area (IBA).



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	[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]		[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]

	= Ape status =		= Ape status =

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	[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]		[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]

	= Threats =		= Threats =

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	[[Threats]]		[[Threats]]

	= Conservation activities =		= Conservation activities =

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	[[Conservation activities]]		[[Conservation activities]]

	= Challenges =		= Challenges =

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	[[Challenges]]		[[Challenges]]

	= Enablers =		= Enablers =

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	[[Enablers]]		[[Enablers]]

	= Research activities =		= Research activities =

	According to local people there are albino chimps in Foya PPA; and chimps allegedly do not build nests but sleep in tree forks (Vogt pers. obs.).		According to local people there are albino chimps in Foya PPA; and chimps allegedly do not build nests but sleep in tree forks (Vogt pers. obs.).


	= Documented behaviours =		= Documented behaviours =
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	[[Behaviours]]		[[Behaviours]]

	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

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	\|}		\|}


			<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Foya.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly inFoya Proposed Protected Area]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Foya.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly inFoya Proposed Protected Area]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =

WikiEdit at 08:14, 31 October 2025

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	\|8.4		\|8.4
	\|7.7		\|7.7
	\|8.~~1999999999999993~~		\|8.2
	\|10.3		\|10.3
	\|}		\|}
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	\|0.04		\|0.04
	\|2		\|2
	\|2.~~2599999999999998~~		\|2.26
	\|2.5		\|2.5
	\|2.~~4500000000000002~~		\|2.45
	\|-		\|-
	\|Tropical cyclone		\|Tropical cyclone

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[[West Africa]] > [[Liberia]] > [[Foya Proposed Protected Area]]

'''[https://apesatlas-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Foya_Proposed_Protected_Area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Français]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Foya_Proposed_Protected_Area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=pt&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Português]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Foya_Proposed_Protected_Area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=es&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Español]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Foya_Proposed_Protected_Area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Bahasa Indonesia]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Foya_Proposed_Protected_Area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Melayu]'''

__TOC__
= Summary =

<div style='float: right'>{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers=OpenStreetMap,OpenTopoMap|7.79, -10.34~[[Foya Proposed Protected Area]]~''Pan troglodytes verus''}}</div>
* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Foya.
* The population size is unknown.
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
* This site has a total size of 1646 km².
* Key threats to chimpanzees are hunting, large-scale mining and commercial logging.
* The GolaMA Project supports communities to manage forest resources sustainably.
* Foya is the largest of the proposed protected areas (Johnson 2015) and forms part of an Important Bird Area (IBA).

= Site characteristics =

Foya Proposed Protected Area spans the northwestern highlands, including the southwest extension of the Wonegizi Mountains, the headwaters of the Mano River, and approximately 40 kilometers of Lofa River frontage. Foya is the largest of the proposed protected areas. It consists of moist evergreen forest and moist semi-deciduous forests. The site includes about 44,000 ha of community forest. Efforts to secure a status of national park are ongoing (NICFI 2016). Foya is an important area for the vulnerable zebra duiker ''Cephalophus zebra'' (Johnson 2015). Apart from chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus''), survey teams of the nationwide chimpanzee and large mammal survey (Tweh et al. 2014) found numerous signs of black duiker (''Cephalophus niger''), Maxwell duiker (''Philantomba maxwellii''), Ogilby’s duiker (''Cephalophus ogilbyi''), bay duiker (''Cephalophus dorsalis''), bushbuck (''Tragelaphus scriptus''), sooty mangabey (''Cercocebus atys''), Campbell’s monkey (''Cercopithecus campbelli''), spot-nosed monkey ''Cercopithecus petaurista''), lowland bongo (''Tragelaphus eurycerus)'', red river hog (''Potamochoerus porcus''), and the vulnerable African elephant (''Loxodonta africana'') in the forests around Foya Proposed Protected Area.

A Gola Malimbe (''Malimbus ballmani'') identification and nest survey training was conducted with the Site Support Group (linked to the Important Bird Area) in 2017.

'''Table 1. Basic site information for Foya Proposed Protected Area'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
|Species
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|-
|Area
|1,646 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|Lat: 7.79 , Lon: -10.34
|-
|Type of site
|Proposed protected area
|-
|Habitat types
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
|-
|Type of governance
|
|}

[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]
= Ape status =

Although Tweh and colleagues (2014) did not survey Foya Proposed Protected Area directly, they found many nests and other signs of chimpanzee presence on recces and line transects in the forests all around Foya. The nationwide chimpanzee abundance model published by Junker et al. (2015) suggests that chimpanzees are likely to occur in this area. Further analysis of the nationwide dataset revealed that Foya Proposed Protected Area was located in the tenth highest ranked conservation priority area in terms of chimpanzee density, and mammal and tree diversity (Junker et al. 2015). Interview surveys showed that several villages around Foya Proposed Protected Area practice taboos against the killing and eating of chimpanzees (Junker unpubl. data).

In 2018, the Society for the Conservation of Nature of Liberia has conducted a baseline survey of Foya Proposed Protected Area. This survey included recce walks at several sites, camera traps and socio-economic assessments of villages. Some chimpanzee nests were found on recce surveys, and a Coula edulis nut-cracking site was recorded in the North-west sector. Camera traps also confirmed presence of zebra duikers (''Cephalophus zebra'').

In 2019, the ELRECO Nationwide Forest Elephant Status Survey confirmed the presence of chimpanzees in all four survey sites (mostly Northwestern and Western parts) in Foya PPA.

'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Foya Proposed Protected Area'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Ape_status-table"
!Species
!Year
!Occurrence
!Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)
!Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
!Abundance estimate (95% CI)
!Survey area
!Sampling method
!Analytical framework
!Source
!Comments
!A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2018
|Present
|
|
|
|Foya Proposed Protected Area
|Reconnaissance walk
|
|Society for the Conservation of Nature of Liberia
|Reconnaissance walk
|
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2019
|Present
|
|
|
|Foya Proposed Protected Area
|Reconnaissance walk
|
|ELRECO Nationwide Forest Elephant Status Survey
|
|
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2010-2012
|Present
|
|
|
|Foya Proposed Protected Area
|Survey data
|Predictive model
|Junker et al. 2015
|The site itself was not surveyed, estimate based on a nationwide chimpanzee abundance model
|
|}

[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]
= Threats =

During the nationwide chimpanzee and large mammal survey, teams encountered less hunting signs in the forests around Foya Proposed Protected Area than elsewhere in the country (Junker unpubl. data). Recce surveys from 2018 and a hunting study overlapping with North-west sector show that hunting occurs across the whole area, but may be less intense than other sites in Liberia due to the difficulty of access. Some communities, particularly in the South and West are reportedly strict about allowing hunters from outside to access forest without communities permission which could act to reduce the pressure from immigrant hunters.

A considerable part of the proposed protected area is covered by Mineral Exploration Licenses (MEL) for gold and other Minerals owned by Aforo Resources Liberia Ltd. and GEOMBLY (Liberia) Ltd. (Johnson 2015). MEL’s entail that after a proposed exploration program has been handed to the Minister of Land, Mines, and Energy, the company commences exploration (Wilson et al. 2017). Foya Proposed Protected Area overlapped with illegally issued Private-Use Permits (PUP) for commercial logging. Private Use Permits were a type of logging licence designed to allow private land owners to cut trees on their property, but which were reportedly subject to misuse by commercial logging companies. After investigations by Global Witness (Global Witness 2013) much public outcry and extensive media coverage, PUPs have now largely been rescinded (Johnson 2015). In addition, increased deforestation and forest fragmentation due to slash and burn agriculture threaten the area (NICFI 2016).

'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Foya Proposed Protected Area'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Threats-table"
!Category
!Specific threats
!Threat level
!Description
!Year of threat
|-
|5 Biological resource use
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
|Area overlapped with Private-Use Permits, which have been withdrawn (Johnson 2015, Junker et al. 2015)
|2013-2015
|-
|3 Energy production & mining
|3.2 Mining & quarrying
|Medium (30-70% of population affected)
|Mining for gold and other minerals (Johnson 2015)
|Ongoing (2015)
|-
|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
|Present (unknown severity)
|Deforestation due to shifting cultivation (NICFI 2016), much of the area around settlement has been cleared for agriculture
|Ongoing (2016)
|-
|1 Residential & commercial development
|1.1 Residential areas
|Medium (30-70% of population affected)
|Many settlements within the boundary of the Proposed Protected Area, that have been established for many years.
|Ongoing (2019)
|}

[[Threats]]
= Conservation activities =

The GolaMA Project is a partnership between forest communities, the Government of Liberia and the international conservation community to conserve and manage the Gola Forest that lies outside of protected areas. The forest where the GolaMA Project is working covers about 400 km2 of the Gola Forest and forms a corridor linking Gola National Park and the Foya Proposed Protected Area, as well the Gola Rainforest National Park in Sierra Leone. The project is implemented by The Society for Conservation of Nature in Liberia (SCNL) in collaboration with the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) (EEAS 2018). The focus of the project is to support two clans to establish community-managed forests in partnership with the Government of Liberia, which are to be managed so that forest resources are conserved. The project activities span livelihood support work such as training in bee-keeping, training for improving the yields of cocoa production, and using swamp-cultivation methods. It has also established a small-loans schemes. Participation in livelihood support activities are linked to conservation-friendly behaviour, with a focus on reducing hunting of vulnerable wildlife. Ongoing work on the community forests' management plans will introduce community regulations on hunting and land use to preserve areas for conservation.

'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Foya Proposed Protected Area'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Conservation_activities-table"
!Category
!Specific activity
!Description
!Implementing organization(s)
!Year of activity
|-
|1 Development impact mitigation
|1.4 Farm more intensively and effectively in selected areas and spare more natural land
|GolaMA project: farmer field school training for cocoa farmers, and swamp cultivation demonstration sites have been taking place from 2017-2019
|
|2017-2019
|-
|2 Counter-wildlife crime
|2.13 Provide sustainable alternative livelihoods; establish fish- or domestic meat farms
|GolaMA project: fish ponds established, bee-keeping training
|
|Ongoing (2014)
|-
|4 Education & awareness
|4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use
|GolaMA project: adult literacy classes, awareness raising efforts included several conservation-themed workshops
|
|Ongoing (2016)
|-
|7 Economic & other incentives
|7.1 Provide monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g., REDD, alternative income, employment)
|GolaMA project: groups / individuals must formally agree to refrain from commercial hunting / trading of bushmeat to qualify for small-loans scheme (participants sign MOUs)
|
|Ongoing (2016)
|-
|7 Economic & other incentives
|7.2 Provide non-monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g., better education, infrastructure development)
|GolaMA project: groups / individuals must formally agree to refrain from commercial hunting / trading of bushmeat to qualify as participants in training programmes (articipants sign MOUs)
|
|Ongoing (2016)
|}

[[Conservation activities]]
= Challenges =

'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Foya Proposed Protected Area'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Challenges-table"
!Challenges
!Specific challenges
!Source
!Year(s)
|-
|
|Not reported
|
|
|}

[[Challenges]]
= Enablers =

'''Table 6. Enablers reported for Foya Proposed Protected Area'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="enabler-table"
!Enablers
!Specific enablers
!Source
!Year(s)
|-
|1 Site management
|
|
|
|-
|2 Resources and capacity
|
|
|
|-
|3 Engaged community
|
|
|
|-
|4 Institutional support
|
|
|
|-
|5 Ecological context
|
|
|
|-
|6 Safety and stability
|
|
|
|}

[[Enablers]]
= Research activities =

According to local people there are albino chimps in Foya PPA; and chimps allegedly do not build nests but sleep in tree forks (Vogt pers. obs.).

= Documented behaviours =

'''Table 7. Behaviours documented for Foya Proposed Protected Area'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviours-table"
!Category
!Behavior
!Observation type
!Prevalence
!Observation dates
!Source
!Habituation
!Species
!Comment
|-
|
|Nut cracking
|
|
|
|Society for the Conservation of Nature of Liberia
|
|
|
|}

[[Behaviours]]
= Exposure to climate change impacts =

As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. subm. extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (see Kiribou et al. subm. for details).

'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Foya Proposed Protected Area'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="clima-table"
!Value
!1981-2010
!2021-2050, RCP 2.6
!2021-2050, RCP 6.0
!2071-2099, RCP 2.6
!2071-2099, RCP 6.0
|-
|Mean temperature [C]
|24.7
|25.9
|25.9
|26
|27.1
|-
|Annual precipitation [mm]
|2283
|2284
|2335
|2309
|2433
|-
|Max no. consecutive dry days (per year)
|34.4
|28
|25.8
|28.5
|28.4
|-
|No. days with heavy precipitation (per year)
|6.1
|8.4
|7.7
|8.1999999999999993
|10.3
|}

'''Table 9. Projected exposure of apes to extreme climate impact events in Foya Proposed Protected Area'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="clima2-table"
!Type
!No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)
!% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)
!No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)
!% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)
!No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)
!% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)
!No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)
!% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)
|-
|Crop failure
|6
|0.01
|6
|0.01
|3
|0.01
|13.5
|0.01
|-
|Drought
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|Heatwave
|8
|100
|3.5
|100
|10
|100
|6
|100
|-
|River flood
|1.5
|0.48
|0.75
|0.04
|2
|2.2599999999999998
|2.5
|2.4500000000000002
|-
|Tropical cyclone
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0.5
|0.09
|-
|Wildfire
|30
|0.74
|30
|0.72
|29
|0.75
|29
|0.73
|}

= External links =

= References =

European External Action Service (EEAS) 2018. Securing Liberian Forest Connectivity through Community Forest Management and Innovative Financing. (15 October 2019; [https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/projects/securing-liberian-forest-connectivity-through-community-forest-management-and-innovative-0_en ec.europa.eu]).

Forestry Development Authority (FDA) 2017. Request for Expressions of Interest for Provision of Consultancy Services. Liberia Forest Sector Project, Project Id: P154114, Grant Id: Tfa2427. (15 October 2019; [https://www.emansion.gov.lr/doc/Community_37.pdf www.emansion.gov.lr (PDF)]).

Global Witness. (2013). Avoiding the Riptide: Liberia must Enforce its Forest Laws to Prevent a New Wave of Illegal and Destructive Logging Contracts. Global Witness.

Johnson S. 2015. Aggregated Biodiversity Offsets: A Roadmap for Liberia’s Mining Sector. Unpublished report by the World Bank Group (WBG) and Program On Forests (PROFOR).

Junker J, Boesch C, Freeman T, Mundry R, Stephens C, Kühl HS. 2015. Integrating wildlife conservation with conflicting economic land-use goals in a West African biodiversity hotspot. Basic and Applied Ecology: doi:10.1016/j.baae.2015.07.002.

Norwegian International Climate and Forest Initiative (NICFI). 2016. Forest and Mosaic Landscape Restoration in Lofa County, Liberia. (15 October 2019; [https://www.regjeringen.no/contentassets/ea162fa8497941cdb24c7b043a7611c8/report-nicfi-lofa-county-final.pdf www.regjeringen.no (PDF)]).

Tweh C, Lormie M, Kouakou CY, Hillers A, Kühl HS, Junker J, et al. 2014. Conservation status of chimpanzees Pan troglodytes verus and other large mammals in Liberia: a nationwide survey. Oryx: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0030605313001191.

Wilson STK, Wang H, Kabenge M, Qi X. 2017. The mining sector of Liberia: current practices and environmental challenges. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24: 18711–18720.

'''Page created by: '''Martina Vogt & Sorrel Jones''' Date:''' 2019-12-09