Garamba National Park Complex - Revision history

WikiEdit at 21:53, 15 October 2026

2026-10-15T21:53:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:53, 15 October 2026
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	<span id="R00589"></span>UNESCO (2011). Garamba National Park. Online: http://world-heritage-datasheets.unep-wcmc.org/datasheet/output/site/garamba-national-park/		<span id="R00589"></span>UNESCO (2011). Garamba National Park. Online: http://world-heritage-datasheets.unep-wcmc.org/datasheet/output/site/garamba-national-park/

	<span id="R02197"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~1-19~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02197"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

	<span id="R01999"></span>Africa Parks. https://www.africanparks.org/the-parks/garamba		<span id="R01999"></span>Africa Parks. https://www.africanparks.org/the-parks/garamba

WikiEdit at 14:33, 15 October 2026

2026-10-15T14:33:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:33, 15 October 2026
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	<span id="R00589"></span>UNESCO (2011). Garamba National Park. Online: http://world-heritage-datasheets.unep-wcmc.org/datasheet/output/site/garamba-national-park/		<span id="R00589"></span>UNESCO (2011). Garamba National Park. Online: http://world-heritage-datasheets.unep-wcmc.org/datasheet/output/site/garamba-national-park/

	<span id="R02197"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~e0000345~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02197"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

	<span id="R01999"></span>Africa Parks. https://www.africanparks.org/the-parks/garamba		<span id="R01999"></span>Africa Parks. https://www.africanparks.org/the-parks/garamba

WikiEdit at 00:10, 15 October 2026

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	= Ape status =		= Ape status =

	In 2008 a monitoring programme was set up to identify the distribution of chimpanzees (Africa Parks 2012). The monitoring involved chimpanzee tracking on foot (more than 3000 km have been covered), recording calls and counting nests. In 2011 a camera trap in the Mondo-Missa region recorded a chimpanzee ([https://www.africanparks.org/newsroom/press-releases/first-chimpanzee-caught-on-camera-trap Africa Parks 2012]). In 2021 and 2022 camera traps were deployed in Mondo-Missa and Azande hunting areas. Chimpanzee presence was confirmed again in Azande for the first time since 1994. The camera trap survey also led to the re-discovery of Oustalet’s red colobus (''Piliocolobus oustaleti'') in Azande ([[#R00586\|Diodio et al. 2022]], [[#R00587\|Laudisoit 2022]]). Furthermore, the presence of the golden cat, giant pangolin, leopard, yellow-backed duiker, aardvark and bongo were recorded in Mondo-Missa, and the Koreri forest fragment just outside the GNPC was found to hold a high density of chimpanzees, although given its small size, the fragment might be home to 6 or 7 individuals only ([[#R00586\|Diodio et al. 2022]], [[#R00587\|Laudisoit 2022]]).		In 2008 a monitoring programme was set up to identify the distribution of chimpanzees ([[#R01999\|Africa Parks]] 2012). The monitoring involved chimpanzee tracking on foot (more than 3000 km have been covered), recording calls and counting nests. In 2011 a camera trap in the Mondo-Missa region recorded a chimpanzee ([https://www.africanparks.org/newsroom/press-releases/first-chimpanzee-caught-on-camera-trap Africa Parks 2012]). In 2021 and 2022 camera traps were deployed in Mondo-Missa and Azande hunting areas. Chimpanzee presence was confirmed again in Azande for the first time since 1994. The camera trap survey also led to the re-discovery of Oustalet’s red colobus (''Piliocolobus oustaleti'') in Azande ([[#R00586\|Diodio et al. 2022]], [[#R00587\|Laudisoit 2022]]). Furthermore, the presence of the golden cat, giant pangolin, leopard, yellow-backed duiker, aardvark and bongo were recorded in Mondo-Missa, and the Koreri forest fragment just outside the GNPC was found to hold a high density of chimpanzees, although given its small size, the fragment might be home to 6 or 7 individuals only ([[#R00586\|Diodio et al. 2022]], [[#R00587\|Laudisoit 2022]]).

	'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Garamba National Park Complex'''		'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Garamba National Park Complex'''

WikiEdit at 20:27, 12 October 2026

2026-10-12T20:27:42Z

Show changes

WikiEdit at 12:14, 3 September 2026

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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. ~~subm.~~ extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (~~see~~ Kiribou et al. ~~subm. for details~~).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Garamba National Park Complex'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Garamba National Park Complex'''

WikiEdit at 14:45, 1 September 2026

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	\|2022		\|2022
	\|		\|
	\|5.3		\|1.9
	~~\|8.5~~
	\|		\|
	\|~~Kurukwata-Koreri fragment (0.7 km²)~~		\|
			\|Azande
	\|Reconnaissance walk		\|Reconnaissance walk
	\|		\|
	\|Diodio et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022		\|Diodio et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022
	\|~~42 chimpanzee nests were recorded along our 7.9 km recce (N=2) of which 5 flimsy ground nests. The forest fragment is outside of the GNPC~~		\|
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''		\|''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''
	\|~~2011~~		\|2022
	~~\|Present~~
	\|		\|
			\|0
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|~~Mondo Missa~~		\|Kurukwata-Planteki fragment (1 km²)
	\|~~Camera trap~~		\|Reconnaissance walk
	\|
	~~\|AP 2012~~
	\|		\|
			\|Diodio et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022
			\|5.9 km recce walked. The forest fragment is outside of the GNPC
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
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	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''		\|''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''
	\|~~2022~~		\|2011
			\|Present
	\|		\|
	~~\|1.9~~
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|~~Azande~~		\|Mondo Missa
	\|~~Reconnaissance walk~~		\|Camera trap
	\|		\|
	\|~~Diodio et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022~~		\|AP 2012
	\|		\|
	\|
	\|-
	~~\|''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''~~
	~~\|2022~~
	\|
	\|0
	\|
	\|
	~~\|Kurukwata-Planteki fragment (1 km²)~~
	~~\|Reconnaissance walk~~
	\|
	~~\|Diodio et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022~~
	~~\|5.9 km recce walked. The forest fragment is outside of the GNPC~~
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

WikiEdit at 09:42, 14 July 2026

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@@ Line 60: / Line 60: @@
 !Comments
 !A.P.E.S. database ID
 |-
 |''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''
@@ Line 124: / Line 137: @@
 |Diodio et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022
 |5.9 km recce walked. The forest fragment is outside of the GNPC
+|
 |}

WikiEdit at 14:43, 25 March 2026

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 * Conservation activities have focused on anti-poaching patrols, providing employment and non-monetary benefits to the local communities, such as healthcare.
 * The site is a UNESCO World Heritage site.
 [[File: GNPC_map.jpg| 400px | thumb| none |Garamba National Park Complex map © Anne Laudisoit]]
 = Site characteristics =
@@ Line 157: / Line 153: @@
 !Description
 !Year of threat
 |-
 |2 Agriculture & aquaculture
@@ Line 181: / Line 165: @@
 |Small scale gold mining in Mondo-Missa. A total of 18 mine pits were recorded and collateral damage to the forest is visible with logged trees and slash-and-burnt areas to the west of the gallery forest (Diodio et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022).
 |Ongoing (2022)
 |-
 |5 Biological resource use
@@ Line 187: / Line 177: @@
 |In Buru and Kurukwata-Planteki, logging, slash-and-burn practice and habitat conversion is the main threat (Diodio et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022).
 |Ongoing (2022)
 |}

WikiEdit at 07:06, 6 November 2025

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	<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Garamba_NP.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly ~~inGaramba~~ National Park Complex]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Garamba_NP.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly ~~inGaramba~~ National Park Complex]] </li></ul></div>		<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Garamba_NP.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly in Garamba National Park Complex]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Garamba_NP.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly in Garamba National Park Complex]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =

WikiEdit at 06:49, 6 November 2025

2025-11-06T06:49:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:49, 6 November 2025
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			<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Garamba_NP.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly inGaramba National Park Complex]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Garamba_NP.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly inGaramba National Park Complex]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =