Gashaka Gumti National Park - Revision history

WikiEdit at 21:53, 15 October 2026

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	<span id="R00593"></span>Morgan, B., Adeleke, A., Bassey, T., Bergl, R., Dunn, A., Fotso, R., …, & Williamson, E. (2011). Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of the Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti). IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group and Zoological Society of San Diego. [https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2011-123-Fr.pdf link]		<span id="R00593"></span>Morgan, B., Adeleke, A., Bassey, T., Bergl, R., Dunn, A., Fotso, R., …, & Williamson, E. (2011). Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of the Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti). IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group and Zoological Society of San Diego. [https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2011-123-Fr.pdf link]

	<span id="R02198"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~1-19~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02198"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

WikiEdit at 14:33, 15 October 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 10:33, 15 October 2026
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	<span id="R00593"></span>Morgan, B., Adeleke, A., Bassey, T., Bergl, R., Dunn, A., Fotso, R., …, & Williamson, E. (2011). Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of the Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti). IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group and Zoological Society of San Diego. [https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2011-123-Fr.pdf link]		<span id="R00593"></span>Morgan, B., Adeleke, A., Bassey, T., Bergl, R., Dunn, A., Fotso, R., …, & Williamson, E. (2011). Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of the Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti). IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group and Zoological Society of San Diego. [https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2011-123-Fr.pdf link]

	<span id="R02198"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~e0000345~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02198"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

WikiEdit at 20:27, 12 October 2026

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WikiEdit at 12:14, 3 September 2026

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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. ~~subm.~~ extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (~~see~~ Kiribou et al. ~~subm. for details~~).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Gashaka Gumti National Park'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Gashaka Gumti National Park'''

WikiEdit at 14:45, 1 September 2026

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	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes ellioti''		\|''Pan troglodytes ellioti''
	\|~~2023~~		\|2026
	\|Present		\|Present
	\|		\|
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	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes ellioti''		\|''Pan troglodytes ellioti''
	\|~~2024~~		\|2025
	\|Present		\|Present
	\|		\|
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	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes ellioti''		\|''Pan troglodytes ellioti''
	\|~~2025~~		\|2024
	\|Present		\|Present
	\|		\|
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	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes ellioti''		\|''Pan troglodytes ellioti''
	\|~~2026~~		\|2023
	\|Present		\|Present
	\|		\|

WikiEdit at 07:11, 15 June 2026

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	* Conservation activities implemented by ANI include patrols and countering illegal activities, as well as habitat protection an restoration, education, and incentives to local communities.		* Conservation activities implemented by ANI include patrols and countering illegal activities, as well as habitat protection an restoration, education, and incentives to local communities.

			<div><ul> <li style="display: inline-block;">[[File: photo_2026-06-12_15-41-51.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © ANI Foundation & Jack Devlin]]<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: photo_2026-06-12_15-41-42.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © ANI Foundation & Jack Devlin]]<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: photo_2026-06-12_15-41-45.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © ANI Foundation & Jack Devlin]]<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: photo_2026-06-12_15-41-55.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © ANI Foundation & Jack Devlin]]<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: photo_2026-06-12_15-42-03.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © ANI Foundation & Jack Devlin]]<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: photo_2026-06-12_15-42-06.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © ANI Foundation & Jack Devlin]]</ul></div>
	= Site characteristics =		= Site characteristics =

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	[[Conservation activities]]		[[Conservation activities]]
			<div><ul> <li style="display: inline-block;">[[File: photo_2026-06-12_15-41-58.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © ANI Foundation & Jack Devlin]]<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: photo_2026-06-12_15-42-10.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © ANI Foundation & Jack Devlin]]<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: photo_2026-06-12_15-41-38.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © ANI Foundation & Jack Devlin]]<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: photo_2026-06-12_15-41-48.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © ANI Foundation & Jack Devlin]]</ul></div>
	= Challenges =		= Challenges =

WikiEdit at 12:43, 11 June 2026

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WikiEdit at 13:33, 2 June 2026

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	\|6 Human intrusions & disturbance		\|6 Human intrusions & disturbance
	\|6.2 ~~Conflict~~, civil unrest & ~~security activities~~		\|6.2 War, civil unrest & military exercises
	\|Medium (30-70% of population affected)		\|Medium (30-70% of population affected)
	\|Morakinyo pers. comm. 2026		\|Morakinyo pers. comm. 2026

WikiEdit at 09:28, 21 April 2026

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	\|Low (up to 30% of population affected)		\|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
	\|Agricultural activities in the buffer zone outside the site (Morakinyo pers. comm. 2026).		\|Agricultural activities in the buffer zone outside the site (Morakinyo pers. comm. 2026).
			\|Ongoing (2026)
			\|-
			\|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
			\|2.3 Livestock farming & ranching
			\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
			\|Presence of transhumance, linked to fires (ANI 2026).
	\|Ongoing (2026)		\|Ongoing (2026)
	\|-		\|-
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	\|Low (up to 30% of population affected)		\|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
	\|Several invasive species are present in the park, including ''Gmelina arborea'', ''Chromolaena ororata'', and ''Calopogonium mucunoides'' (ANI 2026).		\|Several invasive species are present in the park, including ''Gmelina arborea'', ''Chromolaena ororata'', and ''Calopogonium mucunoides'' (ANI 2026).
	~~\|Ongoing (2026)~~
	\|-
	~~\|2 Agriculture & aquaculture~~
	~~\|2.3 Livestock farming & ranching~~
	~~\|High (more than 70% of population affected)~~
	~~\|Presence of transhumance, linked to fires (ANI 2026).~~
	\|Ongoing (2026)		\|Ongoing (2026)
	\|}		\|}

WikiEdit at 08:36, 13 April 2026

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	= Site characteristics =		= Site characteristics =

	The site is located in eastern Nigeria, bordering Cameroon. It is Nigeria's largest national park and was established in 1991. The Gumti sector is characterized by undulating terrain covered by savanna vegetation, whereas the Gashaka sector is more rugged and mountainous. Rivers originate in the highlands and flow downslope, providing moisture that sustains lowland forests alongside savanna vegetation at lower elevations. As a result, the park supports a wide diversity of vegetation types, including lowland rainforest, woodland savanna, cloud forest, and montane grassland. Importantly, it serves as a stronghold for several species of conservation concern, including the Nigeria–Cameroon chimpanzee, both white-bellied and giant pangolins, and Nigeria’s last confirmed leopard population (ANI 2026). Rich in bird biodiversity, the site is an Important Bird Area (BirdLife International 2020), as well as a [[https://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/site/factsheet/6735/site Key Biodiversity Area]] (KBA 2026). The park has also been nominated as [[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6918/ UNESCO World Heritage site]].		The site is located in eastern Nigeria, bordering Cameroon. It is Nigeria's largest national park and was established in 1991. The Gumti sector is characterized by undulating terrain covered by savanna vegetation, whereas the Gashaka sector is more rugged and mountainous. Rivers originate in the highlands and flow downslope, providing moisture that sustains lowland forests alongside savanna vegetation at lower elevations. As a result, the park supports a wide diversity of vegetation types, including lowland rainforest, woodland savanna, cloud forest, and montane grassland. Importantly, it serves as a stronghold for several species of conservation concern, including the Nigeria–Cameroon chimpanzee, both white-bellied and giant pangolins, and Nigeria’s last confirmed leopard population (ANI 2026). Rich in bird biodiversity, the site is an Important Bird Area (BirdLife International 2020), as well as a [https://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/site/factsheet/6735/site Key Biodiversity Area] (KBA 2026). The park has also been nominated as [https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6918/ UNESCO World Heritage site].

	'''Table 1. Basic site information for Gashaka Gumti National Park'''		'''Table 1. Basic site information for Gashaka Gumti National Park'''