Greater Mahale Ecosystem - Revision history

WikiEdit at 21:53, 15 October 2026

2026-10-15T21:53:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:53, 15 October 2026
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	<span id="R00666"></span>WCS. (n.d.). Greater Mahale Ecosystem. https://albertinerift.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Greater-Mahale-Ecosystem.aspx [https://web.archive.org/web/20220926060516/https://albertinerift.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Greater-Mahale-Ecosystem.aspx link]		<span id="R00666"></span>WCS. (n.d.). Greater Mahale Ecosystem. https://albertinerift.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Greater-Mahale-Ecosystem.aspx [https://web.archive.org/web/20220926060516/https://albertinerift.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Greater-Mahale-Ecosystem.aspx link]

	<span id="R02207"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~1-19~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02207"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

WikiEdit at 14:34, 15 October 2026

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	= References =		= References =

	<span id="R00661"></span>Carvalho, J. S., Stewart, F. A., Marques, T. A., Bonnin, N., Pintea, L., Chitayat, A., …, & Piel, A. K. (2022). Spatio‐temporal changes in chimpanzee density and abundance in the Greater Mahale Ecosystem, Tanzania. ''Ecological Applications'', 32(8). [https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2715 doi:10.1002/eap.2715]		<span id="R00661"></span>Carvalho, J. S., Stewart, F. A., Marques, T. A., Bonnin, N., Pintea, L., Chitayat, A., …, & Piel, A. K. (2022). Spatio‐temporal changes in chimpanzee density and abundance in the Greater Mahale Ecosystem, Tanzania. ''Ecological Applications'', 32(8), e2715. [https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2715 doi:10.1002/eap.2715]

	<span id="R00662"></span>Chitayat, A. B., Wich, S. A., Lewis, M., Stewart, F. A., & Piel, A. K. (2021). Ecological correlates of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) density in Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. ''PLOS ONE'', 16(2), e0246628. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246628 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0246628]		<span id="R00662"></span>Chitayat, A. B., Wich, S. A., Lewis, M., Stewart, F. A., & Piel, A. K. (2021). Ecological correlates of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) density in Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. ''PLOS ONE'', 16(2), e0246628. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246628 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0246628]
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	<span id="R00666"></span>WCS. (n.d.). Greater Mahale Ecosystem. https://albertinerift.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Greater-Mahale-Ecosystem.aspx [https://web.archive.org/web/20220926060516/https://albertinerift.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Greater-Mahale-Ecosystem.aspx link]		<span id="R00666"></span>WCS. (n.d.). Greater Mahale Ecosystem. https://albertinerift.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Greater-Mahale-Ecosystem.aspx [https://web.archive.org/web/20220926060516/https://albertinerift.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Greater-Mahale-Ecosystem.aspx link]

	<span id="R02207"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~e0000345~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02207"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

WikiEdit at 00:10, 15 October 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 20:10, 14 October 2026
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	\|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals		\|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
	\|Present (unknown severity)		\|Present (unknown severity)
	\|Injuries caused by snares ([~~https://www.gmerc.org/conservation~~ GMERC]).		\|Injuries caused by snares ([[#R00663\|GMERC]]).
	\|Ongoing (2021)		\|Ongoing (2021)
	\|-		\|-
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	\|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting		\|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
	\|High (more than 70% of population affected)		\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
	\|Clearing the forest for charcoal production ([~~https://www.gmerc.org/conservation~~ GMERC]). Conversion of woodland and forest due to human activities ([[#R00661\|Carvalho et al. 2022]]).		\|Clearing the forest for charcoal production ([[#R00663\|GMERC]]). Conversion of woodland and forest due to human activities ([[#R00661\|Carvalho et al. 2022]]).
	\|2018-Ongoing (2022)		\|2018-Ongoing (2022)
	\|-		\|-
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	= Conservation activities =		= Conservation activities =

	Government-led patrols are conducted in partnership with the Jane Goodall Institute to fight illegal activities, such as poaching and herding (GMERC n.d.).		Government-led patrols are conducted in partnership with the Jane Goodall Institute to fight illegal activities, such as poaching and herding ([[#R00663\|GMERC]] n.d.).

	'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Greater Mahale Ecosystem'''		'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Greater Mahale Ecosystem'''
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	\|2 Counter-wildlife crime		\|2 Counter-wildlife crime
	\|2.3 Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols		\|2.3 Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols
	\|[~~https://www.gmerc.org/conservation~~ GMERC] organise and sponsor patrols to combat illegal activities since 2009.		\|[[#R00663\|GMERC]] organise and sponsor patrols to combat illegal activities since 2009.
	\|		\|
	\|2009-Ongoing (2021)		\|2009-Ongoing (2021)
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	\|7 Economic & other incentives		\|7 Economic & other incentives
	\|7.2 Provide non-monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g., better education, infrastructure development)		\|7.2 Provide non-monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g., better education, infrastructure development)
	\|Providing fuel efficient ovens [~~https://www.gmerc.org/conservation~~ GMERC].		\|Providing fuel efficient ovens [[#R00663\|GMERC]].
	\|		\|
	\|Ongoing (2021)		\|Ongoing (2021)
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	\|8 Permanent presence		\|8 Permanent presence
	\|8.1 Run research project and ensure permanent human presence at site		\|8.1 Run research project and ensure permanent human presence at site
	\|Research is regularly conducted at the site [~~https://www.gmerc.org/conservation~~ GMERC].		\|Research is regularly conducted at the site [[#R00663\|GMERC]].
	\|		\|
	\|Ongoing (2021)		\|Ongoing (2021)
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	= Research activities =		= Research activities =

	The Greater Mahale Ecosystem Research and Conservation group cover several topics in their research, such as chimpanzee behavioral ecology, bioacoustics, environmental and biodiversity monitoring, as well as research on yellow baboons and red-tailed monkeys (GMERC n.d.).		The Greater Mahale Ecosystem Research and Conservation group cover several topics in their research, such as chimpanzee behavioral ecology, bioacoustics, environmental and biodiversity monitoring, as well as research on yellow baboons and red-tailed monkeys ([[#R00663\|GMERC]] n.d.).

WikiEdit at 19:09, 14 October 2026

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	<span id="R00664"></span>Pintea, L., and A. Bean. 2022. Local Voices, Local Choices: The Tacare Approach to Community-Led Conservation. Redlands, CA: The Jane Goodall Institute, Esri Press.		<span id="R00664"></span>Pintea, L., and A. Bean. 2022. Local Voices, Local Choices: The Tacare Approach to Community-Led Conservation. Redlands, CA: The Jane Goodall Institute, Esri Press.

	<span id="R00665"></span>Plumptre AJ, Rose R, Nangendo G, Williamson E a., Didier K, Hart J, et al. Eastern Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan 2010–2020. Gland, Switzerland; 2010.		<span id="R00665"></span>Plumptre AJ, Rose R, Nangendo G, Williamson E a., Didier K, Hart J, et al. Eastern Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan 2010–2020. Gland, Switzerland; 2010. [http://www.primate-sg.org/PDF/ECCAP.pdf link]

	<span id="R00666"></span>WCS. (n.d.). Greater Mahale Ecosystem. https://albertinerift.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Greater-Mahale-Ecosystem.aspx [https://web.archive.org/web/20220926060516/https://albertinerift.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Greater-Mahale-Ecosystem.aspx link]		<span id="R00666"></span>WCS. (n.d.). Greater Mahale Ecosystem. https://albertinerift.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Greater-Mahale-Ecosystem.aspx [https://web.archive.org/web/20220926060516/https://albertinerift.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Greater-Mahale-Ecosystem.aspx link]

WikiEdit at 20:27, 12 October 2026

2026-10-12T20:27:54Z

Show changes

WikiEdit at 12:15, 3 September 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 08:15, 3 September 2026
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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. ~~subm.~~ extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (~~see~~ Kiribou et al. ~~subm. for details~~).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Greater Mahale Ecosystem'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Greater Mahale Ecosystem'''

WikiEdit at 09:42, 14 July 2026

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	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''		\|''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''
	\|~~2005~~		\|2010-2020
			\|Present
	\|		\|
			\|0.86
	\|		\|
	\|
	~~\|2600.0~~
	\|Greater Mahale Ecosystem		\|Greater Mahale Ecosystem
	\|~~Survey data~~		\|Line transects
	\|
	~~\|Plumptre et al. 2010~~
	\|		\|
			\|Carvalho et al. 2022
			\|The research utilized nest survey data collected from 2010 to 2020, excluding 2016 when no surveys took place, and applied line-transect distance sampling along with generalized additive models (GAMs). In addition, the density estimates were reported as varying spatially and temporally (numerical values provided per stratum in article tables).
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''		\|''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''
	\|~~2010-2020~~		\|2005
	\|~~Present~~		\|
	\|		\|
	~~\|0.86~~
	\|		\|
			\|2600.0
	\|Greater Mahale Ecosystem		\|Greater Mahale Ecosystem
	\|~~Line transects~~		\|Survey data
			\|
			\|Plumptre et al. 2010
	\|		\|
	~~\|Carvalho et al. 2022~~
	\|The research utilized nest survey data collected from 2010 to 2020, excluding 2016 when no surveys took place, and applied line-transect distance sampling along with generalized additive models (GAMs). In addition, the density estimates were reported as varying spatially and temporally (numerical values provided per stratum in article tables).
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

WikiEdit at 13:34, 2 June 2026

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	\|-		\|-
	\|5 Biological resource use		\|5 Biological resource use
	\|5.1.2 Unintentional effects ~~(species is not the target)~~		\|5.1.2 Unintentional effects
	\|Present (unknown severity)		\|Present (unknown severity)
	\|Great apes getting injured by traps likely intended for other animals (Naiman M. pers. comm. 2025).		\|Great apes getting injured by traps likely intended for other animals (Naiman M. pers. comm. 2025).

WikiEdit at 09:30, 21 April 2026

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	\|-		\|-
	\|2 Resources and capacity		\|2 Resources and capacity
	\|2.~~3 General lack~~ of ~~funding~~		\|2.2 Lack of staff
	\|Naiman M. pers. comm. 2025		\|Naiman M. pers. comm. 2025
	\|Ongoing (2025)		\|Ongoing (2025)
	\|-		\|-
	\|2 Resources and capacity		\|2 Resources and capacity
	\|2.~~4 Lack~~ of ~~continuous/long-term~~ funding		\|2.3 General lack of funding
	\|Naiman M. pers. comm. 2025		\|Naiman M. pers. comm. 2025
	\|Ongoing (2025)		\|Ongoing (2025)
	\|-		\|-
	\|2 Resources and capacity		\|2 Resources and capacity
	\|2.2 Lack of ~~staff~~		\|2.4 Lack of continuous/long-term funding
	\|Naiman M. pers. comm. 2025		\|Naiman M. pers. comm. 2025
	\|Ongoing (2025)		\|Ongoing (2025)

WikiEdit at 14:43, 25 March 2026

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 * Conservation activities have focused on anti-poaching patrols and presence of researchers, and providing fuel-efficient ovens.
 * The site holds approximately 90% of the chimpanzee population in Tanzania.
 = Site characteristics =
@@ Line 129: / Line 125: @@
 |Injuries caused by snares ([https://www.gmerc.org/conservation GMERC]).
 |Ongoing (2021)
 |-
 |5 Biological resource use
@@ Line 141: / Line 149: @@
 |Fires ignited by humans, contributing to habitat loss (WCS n.d., GMERC n.d.).
 |Ongoing (2021)
 |-
 |8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases