Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary - Revision history

WikiEdit at 20:28, 12 October 2026

2026-10-12T20:28:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:28, 12 October 2026
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	= Site characteristics =		= Site characteristics =

	Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary (HVWS), also known as Hukaung Tiger Reserve, is located in northwestern Myanmar. The site was established in 2001 and is currently in the tentative list for becoming a UNESCO World Heritage site. Due to its large size, connection to other protected areas, and diversity of forest types and elevations, HVWS contains a diverse assemblage of wildlife. HVWS includes many threatened and wide-ranging species such as the Asian Elephant, Tiger, and Rufous-necked Hornbill. The Hoolock Gibbon and Shortridge’s Langur are also present (UNESCO 2014).		Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary (HVWS), also known as Hukaung Tiger Reserve, is located in northwestern Myanmar. The site was established in 2001 and is currently in the tentative list for becoming a UNESCO World Heritage site. Due to its large size, connection to other protected areas, and diversity of forest types and elevations, HVWS contains a diverse assemblage of wildlife. HVWS includes many threatened and wide-ranging species such as the Asian Elephant, Tiger, and Rufous-necked Hornbill. The Hoolock Gibbon and Shortridge’s Langur are also present ([[#R00751\|UNESCO 2014]]).

	'''Table 1. Basic site information for Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary'''		'''Table 1. Basic site information for Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary'''
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	\|Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary		\|Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary
	\|Auditory survey method		\|Auditory survey method
	\|Htun et al. 2006		\|[[#R00749\|Htun et al. 2006]]
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
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	= Conservation activities =		= Conservation activities =

	WCS established an Eastern Hoolock gibbon conservation project for population monitoring and community outreach at a number of protected areas, including Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary (Thompson et al. 2023).		WCS established an Eastern Hoolock gibbon conservation project for population monitoring and community outreach at a number of protected areas, including Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary ([[#R00750\|Thompson et al. 2023]]).

	'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary'''		'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary'''
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	\|2 Counter-wildlife crime		\|2 Counter-wildlife crime
	\|2.11 Implement monitoring surveillance strategies (e.g., SMART) or use monitoring data to improve effectiveness of patrols		\|2.11 Implement monitoring surveillance strategies (e.g., SMART) or use monitoring data to improve effectiveness of patrols
	\|(Ko Aung Ye Tun pers. comm. 2023, Thompson et al. 2023)		\|(Ko Aung Ye Tun pers. comm. 2023, [[#R00750\|Thompson et al. 2023]])
	\|		\|
	\|2019-Ongoing (2023)		\|2019-Ongoing (2023)
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	= References =		= References =

	Htun, S., Aung, Z. H., Naing, W., Khaing, Z. W., Htay, T., Tun, N. L., ... & Moe, T. K. (2006). Final Report on conservation of the hoolock gibbon (Hylobates hoolock) in the Hukaung Tiger Reserve, north Myanmar: Population surveys, threat assessment and conservation outreach, September 2006. Forest Department, Nature and Wildlife Conservation Division, and Wildlife Conservation Society–Myanmar Program, Yangon.		<span id="R00749"></span>Htun, S., Aung, Z. H., Naing, W., Khaing, Z. W., Htay, T., Tun, N. L., ... & Moe, T. K. (2006). Final Report on conservation of the hoolock gibbon (Hylobates hoolock) in the Hukaung Tiger Reserve, north Myanmar: Population surveys, threat assessment and conservation outreach, September 2006. Forest Department, Nature and Wildlife Conservation Division, and Wildlife Conservation Society–Myanmar Program, Yangon.

	Thompson, C., Lwin, N., Aung, P. P., Aung, T. H., Htike, T. S. M., San, A. M., ~~...~~ & Evans, T. S. (2023). The status of primates and primatology in Myanmar. Global Ecology and Conservation, e02662.		<span id="R00750"></span>Thompson, C., Lwin, N., Aung, P. P., Aung, T. H., Htike, T. S. M., San, A. M., …, & Evans, T. S. (2023). The status of primates and primatology in Myanmar. ''Global Ecology and Conservation'', 47, e02662. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02662 doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02662]

	UNESCO (2014). Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary. Online: https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5875/		<span id="R00751"></span>UNESCO (2014). Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary. Online: https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5875/



	'''Page created by: '''Ko Aung Ye Tun''' Date:''' 2023-11-15		'''Page created by: '''Ko Aung Ye Tun''' Date:''' 2023-11-15

WikiEdit at 14:46, 1 September 2026

2026-09-01T14:46:02Z

@@ Line 58: / Line 58: @@
 !Comments
 !A.P.E.S. database ID
 |-
 |''Hoolock leuconedys''
@@ Line 68: / Line 79: @@
 |Htun et al. 2006
+|
+|
 |}

WikiEdit at 09:28, 21 April 2026

2026-04-21T09:28:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:28, 21 April 2026
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	!Year(s)		!Year(s)
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~6 Safety~~ and ~~stability~~		\|2 Resources and capacity
	\|6.3 ~~Civil unrest/war~~		\|2.3 General lack of funding
	\|Ko Aung Ye Tun pers. obs. 2023		\|Ko Aung Ye Tun pers. obs. 2023
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~2 Resources~~ and ~~capacity~~		\|6 Safety and stability
	\|2.3 ~~General lack of funding~~		\|6.3 Civil unrest/war
	\|Ko Aung Ye Tun pers. obs. 2023		\|Ko Aung Ye Tun pers. obs. 2023
	\|		\|

WikiEdit at 14:44, 25 March 2026

2026-03-25T14:44:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:44, 25 March 2026
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	* Gibbons are mainly threatened by commercial hunting.		* Gibbons are mainly threatened by commercial hunting.
	* Conservation activities include biomonitoring, patrolling, and environmental education.		* Conservation activities include biomonitoring, patrolling, and environmental education.





	<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:WCS_MP_AYTun_Gibbon2.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © WCS MP_AYTun]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: WCS_MP_AYTun_landscape.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary © WCS MP_AYTun]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: WCS_MP_AYTun_maleandfemale.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © WCS MP_AYTun]] </li></ul></div>		<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:WCS_MP_AYTun_Gibbon2.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © WCS MP_AYTun]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: WCS_MP_AYTun_landscape.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary © WCS MP_AYTun]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: WCS_MP_AYTun_maleandfemale.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © WCS MP_AYTun]] </li></ul></div>

WikiEdit at 07:26, 4 February 2026

2026-02-04T07:26:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:26, 4 February 2026
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	\|The site is a protected area.		\|The site is a protected area.
	\|		\|
	\|2001-Ongoing (~~2023~~)		\|2001-Ongoing (2026)
	\|-		\|-
	\|8 Permanent presence		\|8 Permanent presence

WikiEdit at 14:28, 23 December 2025

2025-12-23T14:28:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:28, 23 December 2025
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	!Implementing organization(s)		!Implementing organization(s)
	!Year of activity		!Year of activity
	\|-
	~~\|5 Protection & restoration~~
	~~\|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat~~
	~~\|The site is a protected area.~~
	\|
	~~\|2001-Ongoing (2023)~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|2 Counter-wildlife crime		\|2 Counter-wildlife crime
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	\|		\|
	\|Ongoing (2023)		\|Ongoing (2023)
			\|-
			\|5 Protection & restoration
			\|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
			\|The site is a protected area.
			\|
			\|2001-Ongoing (2023)
	\|-		\|-
	\|8 Permanent presence		\|8 Permanent presence

WikiEdit at 20:28, 30 October 2025

2025-10-30T20:28:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:28, 30 October 2025
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	<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:~~WCS MP_AYTun_Gibbon2~~.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © WCS MP_AYTun]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: ~~WCS MP_AYTun_landscape~~.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary © WCS MP_AYTun]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: ~~WCS MP_AYTun_maleandfemale~~.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © WCS MP_AYTun]] </li></ul></div>		<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:WCS_MP_AYTun_Gibbon2.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © WCS MP_AYTun]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: WCS_MP_AYTun_landscape.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary © WCS MP_AYTun]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: WCS_MP_AYTun_maleandfemale.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © WCS MP_AYTun]] </li></ul></div>
	= Site characteristics =		= Site characteristics =

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	[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]		[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]
	[[File: ~~WCS MP_AYTun_Gibbon1~~.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © WCS MP_AYTun]]		[[File: WCS_MP_AYTun_Gibbon1.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © WCS MP_AYTun]]
	= Ape status =		= Ape status =

WikiEdit: Created page with "Asia > Myanmar > Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary '''[https://apesatlas-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Hukaung_Valley_Wildlife_Sanctuary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Français]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Hukaung_Valley_Wildlife_Sanctuary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=pt&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Português]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Hukaun..."

2025-10-30T17:51:57Z

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[[Asia]] > [[Myanmar]] > [[Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary]]

'''[https://apesatlas-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Hukaung_Valley_Wildlife_Sanctuary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Français]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Hukaung_Valley_Wildlife_Sanctuary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=pt&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Português]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Hukaung_Valley_Wildlife_Sanctuary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=es&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Español]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Hukaung_Valley_Wildlife_Sanctuary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Bahasa Indonesia]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Hukaung_Valley_Wildlife_Sanctuary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Melayu]'''

__TOC__
= Summary =

<div style='float: right'>{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers=OpenStreetMap,OpenTopoMap|26.168635, 95.986726~[[Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary]]~''Hoolock leuconedys'', ''Hoolock hoolock''}}</div>
* Eastern Hoolock Gibbons (''Hoolock leuconedys'') and Western Hoolock Gibbons (''Hoolock hoolock'') are present in Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary .
* The population size is unknown.
* The gibbon population trend is stable.
* The site has a total size of 21,802 km².
* Gibbons are mainly threatened by commercial hunting.
* Conservation activities include biomonitoring, patrolling, and environmental education.

<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:WCS MP_AYTun_Gibbon2.jpg | 300px | thumb| none | © WCS MP_AYTun]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: WCS MP_AYTun_landscape.jpg | 300px | thumb| none | Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary © WCS MP_AYTun]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: WCS MP_AYTun_maleandfemale.jpg | 300px | thumb| none | © WCS MP_AYTun]] </li></ul></div>
= Site characteristics =

Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary (HVWS), also known as Hukaung Tiger Reserve, is located in northwestern Myanmar. The site was established in 2001 and is currently in the tentative list for becoming a UNESCO World Heritage site. Due to its large size, connection to other protected areas, and diversity of forest types and elevations, HVWS contains a diverse assemblage of wildlife. HVWS includes many threatened and wide-ranging species such as the Asian Elephant, Tiger, and Rufous-necked Hornbill. The Hoolock Gibbon and Shortridge’s Langur are also present (UNESCO 2014).

'''Table 1. Basic site information for Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
|Species
|''Hoolock leuconedys'', ''Hoolock hoolock''
|-
|Area
|21,802.53 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|Lat: 26.168635 , Lon: 95.986726
|-
|Type of site
|Protected area (Wildlife Sanctuary)
|-
|Habitat types
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Grassland
|-
|Type of governance
|
|}

[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]
[[File: WCS MP_AYTun_Gibbon1.jpg | 300px | thumb| none | © WCS MP_AYTun]]
= Ape status =

'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Ape_status-table"
!Species
!Year
!Total number groups (95% CI)
!Density [groups/km²] (95% CI)
!Total number indiv. (95% CI)
!Area
!Method
!Source
!Comments
!A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Hoolock leuconedys''
|2005-2006
|2.81
|
|
|Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary
|Auditory survey method
|Htun et al. 2006
|
|
|-
|''Hoolock leuconedys'' & ''Hoolock hoolock''
|2016
|
|
|
|Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary
|Camera trap, Full count
|NWCD/WCS 2016
|Gibbon Face photo taking and collect faecal for DNA Analysis
|
|}

[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]

= Threats =

'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Threats-table"
!Category
!Specific threats
!Threat level
!Description
!Year of threat
|-
|11 Climate change & severe weather
|11.1 Habitat shifting & alteration
|Present (unknown severity)
|(Ko Aung Ye Tun pers. obs. 2023)
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|3 Energy production & mining
|3.2 Mining & quarrying
|Present (unknown severity)
|(Ko Aung Ye Tun pers. obs. 2023)
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|5 Biological resource use
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|Present (unknown severity)
|(Ko Aung Ye Tun pers. obs. 2023)
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|5 Biological resource use
|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
|Present (unknown severity)
|(Ko Aung Ye Tun pers. obs. 2023)
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|5 Biological resource use
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|Present (unknown severity)
|(Ko Aung Ye Tun pers. obs. 2023)
|Ongoing (2023)
|}

[[Threats]]

= Conservation activities =

WCS established an Eastern Hoolock gibbon conservation project for population monitoring and community outreach at a number of protected areas, including Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary (Thompson et al. 2023).

'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Conservation_activities-table"
!Category
!Specific activity
!Description
!Implementing organization(s)
!Year of activity
|-
|5 Protection & restoration
|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
|The site is a protected area.
|
|2001-Ongoing (2023)
|-
|2 Counter-wildlife crime
|2.11 Implement monitoring surveillance strategies (e.g., SMART) or use monitoring data to improve effectiveness of patrols
|(Ko Aung Ye Tun pers. comm. 2023, Thompson et al. 2023)
|
|2019-Ongoing (2023)
|-
|2 Counter-wildlife crime
|2.12 Implement community control of patrolling, banning hunting and removing snares
|(Ko Aung Ye Tun pers. comm. 2023)
|
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|4 Education & awareness
|4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use
|(Ko Aung Ye Tun pers. comm. 2023)
|
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|8 Permanent presence
|8.3 Permanent presence of staff/manager
|(Ko Aung Ye Tun pers. obs. 2023)
|
|Ongoing (2023)
|}

[[Conservation activities]]

= Challenges =

Challenge to the implementation of conservation activities include armed conflict and limited financial resources, as well as the challenge of protecting such a huge area (Ko Aung Ye Tun pers. obs. 2023).

'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Challenges-table"
!Challenges
!Specific challenges
!Source
!Year(s)
|-
|6 Safety and stability
|6.3 Civil unrest/war
|Ko Aung Ye Tun pers. obs. 2023
|
|-
|2 Resources and capacity
|2.3 General lack of funding
|Ko Aung Ye Tun pers. obs. 2023
|
|}

[[Challenges]]

= Enablers =

'''Table 6. Enablers reported for Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="enabler-table"
!Enablers
!Specific enablers
!Source
!Year(s)
|-
|1 Site management
|
|
|
|-
|2 Resources and capacity
|
|
|
|-
|3 Engaged community
|
|
|
|-
|4 Institutional support
|
|
|
|-
|5 Ecological context
|
|
|
|-
|6 Safety and stability
|
|
|
|}

[[Enablers]]

= Research activities =

= Documented behaviours =

'''Table 7. Behaviours documented for Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviours-table"
!Category
!Behavior
!Observation type
!Prevalence
!Observation dates
!Source
!Habituation
!Species
!Comment
|-
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

[[Behaviours]]

= Exposure to climate change impacts =

= External links =

= References =

Htun, S., Aung, Z. H., Naing, W., Khaing, Z. W., Htay, T., Tun, N. L., ... & Moe, T. K. (2006). Final Report on conservation of the hoolock gibbon (Hylobates hoolock) in the Hukaung Tiger Reserve, north Myanmar: Population surveys, threat assessment and conservation outreach, September 2006. Forest Department, Nature and Wildlife Conservation Division, and Wildlife Conservation Society–Myanmar Program, Yangon.

Thompson, C., Lwin, N., Aung, P. P., Aung, T. H., Htike, T. S. M., San, A. M., ... & Evans, T. S. (2023). The status of primates and primatology in Myanmar. Global Ecology and Conservation, e02662.

UNESCO (2014). Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary. Online: https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5875/

'''Page created by: '''Ko Aung Ye Tun''' Date:''' 2023-11-15