Itwara Central Forest Reserve - Revision history

WikiEdit at 21:53, 15 October 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 17:53, 15 October 2026
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	<span id="R00786"></span>Plumptre, A. J., Cox, D., & Mugume, S. (2003). The status of chimpanzees in Uganda. Albertine Rift Technical Report Series No. 2. Wildlife Conservation Society [http://programs.wcs.org/portals/49/media/file/AR_Tech_Rpt_2_Uganda_Chimps.PDF link]		<span id="R00786"></span>Plumptre, A. J., Cox, D., & Mugume, S. (2003). The status of chimpanzees in Uganda. Albertine Rift Technical Report Series No. 2. Wildlife Conservation Society [http://programs.wcs.org/portals/49/media/file/AR_Tech_Rpt_2_Uganda_Chimps.PDF link]

	<span id="R02216"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~1-19~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02216"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]



	'''Page created by: '''Steven Joel Basiibye''' Date:''' 2024-11-01		'''Page created by: '''Steven Joel Basiibye''' Date:''' 2024-11-01

WikiEdit at 14:34, 15 October 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 10:34, 15 October 2026
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	<span id="R00786"></span>Plumptre, A. J., Cox, D., & Mugume, S. (2003). The status of chimpanzees in Uganda. Albertine Rift Technical Report Series No. 2. Wildlife Conservation Society [http://programs.wcs.org/portals/49/media/file/AR_Tech_Rpt_2_Uganda_Chimps.PDF link]		<span id="R00786"></span>Plumptre, A. J., Cox, D., & Mugume, S. (2003). The status of chimpanzees in Uganda. Albertine Rift Technical Report Series No. 2. Wildlife Conservation Society [http://programs.wcs.org/portals/49/media/file/AR_Tech_Rpt_2_Uganda_Chimps.PDF link]

	<span id="R02216"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~e0000345~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02216"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]



	'''Page created by: '''Steven Joel Basiibye''' Date:''' 2024-11-01		'''Page created by: '''Steven Joel Basiibye''' Date:''' 2024-11-01

WikiEdit at 20:28, 12 October 2026

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Show changes

WikiEdit at 12:15, 3 September 2026

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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. ~~subm.~~ extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (~~see~~ Kiribou et al. ~~subm. for details~~).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Itwara Central Forest Reserve'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Itwara Central Forest Reserve'''

WikiEdit at 09:30, 21 April 2026

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	!Source		!Source
	!Year(s)		!Year(s)
	\|-
	~~\|3 Engaged community~~
	~~\|3.1 General lack of community engagement or support~~
	~~\|Kazoora et al. 2020~~
	~~\|2003~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|2 Resources and capacity		\|2 Resources and capacity
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	\|Ministry of Water and Environment 2008		\|Ministry of Water and Environment 2008
	\|2008-Ongoing (2024)		\|2008-Ongoing (2024)
			\|-
			\|3 Engaged community
			\|3.1 General lack of community engagement or support
			\|Kazoora et al. 2020
			\|2003
	\|-		\|-
	\|4 Institutional support		\|4 Institutional support

WikiEdit at 14:44, 25 March 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 10:44, 25 March 2026
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	* The population trend is unknown.		* The population trend is unknown.
	* Key threats to chimpanzees are logging, hunting and expansion of farmland.		* Key threats to chimpanzees are logging, hunting and expansion of farmland.






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	!Year of threat		!Year of threat
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~5 Biological resource use~~		\|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
	\|~~5.3~~.~~2 Commercial logging~~		\|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
	\|Present (unknown severity)		\|Present (unknown severity)
	\|~~Timber harvesting~~ has been ~~reported (NFA 2024). 13.2 ha~~ of ~~the reserve were logged by 1994, 3~~.~~0 ha lightly pitsawn~~, and 3.~~5 ha heavily pitsawn~~ (~~Edroma et al. 1997; Howard 1991~~).		\|The forest has been encroached for farmland, resulting in the loss of critical chimpanzee habitat and reduction in forest cover. More critically, forest connectivity and dispersal opportunities for chimpanzees has also been significantly reduced, preventing gene flow necessary to maintain viable metapopulations. In the long term, the inability to disperse could be the greatest threat to chimpanzee communities in these forests (Plumptre, Cox & Mugume 2003).
	\|~~1970-~~Ongoing (~~2024~~)		\|Ongoing (2003)
	\|-		\|-
	\|5 Biological resource use		\|5 Biological resource use
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	\|1994-Ongoing (2003)		\|1994-Ongoing (2003)
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~2 Agriculture & aquaculture~~		\|5 Biological resource use
	\|2.1 ~~Annual & perennial non-timber crops~~		\|5.3.1 Subsistence logging
	\|Present (unknown severity)		\|Present (unknown severity)
	\|~~The forest has been encroached~~ for ~~farmland, resulting in~~ the ~~loss of critical chimpanzee habitat and reduction in forest cover. More critically,~~ forest ~~connectivity~~ and ~~dispersal opportunities for~~ chimpanzees has ~~also been significantly reduced, preventing gene flow necessary~~ to ~~maintain viable metapopulations. In the long term~~, the ~~inability to disperse could be the greatest threat to chimpanzee communities in these forests~~ (Plumptre, Cox & Mugume 2003).		\|Illegal harvesting for for charcoal burning is also having an impact on the forest reserves and chimpanzees. Charcoal burning has the potential to cause more damage if not carefully controlled, as people are less selective in the tree species they harvest for charcoal (Plumptre, Cox & Mugume 2003).
	\|Ongoing (2003)		\|Ongoing (2003)
	\|-		\|-
	\|5 Biological resource use		\|5 Biological resource use
	\|5.3.~~1 Subsistence~~ logging		\|5.3.2 Commercial logging
	\|Present (unknown severity)		\|Present (unknown severity)
	\|~~Illegal~~ harvesting ~~for for charcoal burning is also having an impact on~~ the ~~forest reserves~~ and ~~chimpanzees~~. ~~Charcoal burning has the potential to cause more damage if not carefully controlled, as people are less selective in the tree species they harvest for charcoal~~ (~~Plumptre, Cox & Mugume 2003~~).		\|Timber harvesting has been reported (NFA 2024). 13.2 ha of the reserve were logged by 1994, 3.0 ha lightly pitsawn, and 3.5 ha heavily pitsawn (Edroma et al. 1997; Howard 1991).
	\|Ongoing (~~2003~~)		\|1970-Ongoing (2024)
	\|}		\|}

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	\|Designated a central forest reserve in 1948. Additionally, It contains sufficient numbers of the butterfly Telipna sheffieldii to qualify as a global KBA (Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership 2024).		\|Designated a central forest reserve in 1948. Additionally, It contains sufficient numbers of the butterfly Telipna sheffieldii to qualify as a global KBA (Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership 2024).
	\|Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership		\|Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership
	\|1948-Ongoing (~~2024~~)		\|1948-Ongoing (2026)
	\|}		\|}

WikiEdit at 14:28, 23 December 2025

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	!Year of activity		!Year of activity
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~5 Protection & restoration~~		\|2 Counter-wildlife crime
	\|5.~~2 Legally protect ape habitat~~		\|2.11 Implement monitoring surveillance strategies (e.g., SMART) or use monitoring data to improve effectiveness of patrols
	\|~~Designated a central forest reserve~~ in ~~1948. Additionally, It contains sufficient numbers of the butterfly Telipna sheffieldii to qualify as a global KBA (Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership 2024)~~.		\|In 2023, WCS supported NFA in SMART training.
	\|~~Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership~~		\|Wildlife Conservation Society and National Forest Authority
	\|~~1948-~~Ongoing (~~2024~~)		\|Ongoing (2023)
	\|-		\|-
	\|2 Counter-wildlife crime		\|2 Counter-wildlife crime
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	\|Ongoing (2020)		\|Ongoing (2020)
	\|-		\|-
	\|2 ~~Counter-wildlife crime~~		\|5 Protection & restoration
	\|2.~~11 Implement monitoring surveillance strategies~~ (~~e.g., SMART~~) ~~or use monitoring data to improve effectiveness of patrols~~		\|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
	~~\|In 2023, WCS supported NFA in SMART training~~.		\|Designated a central forest reserve in 1948. Additionally, It contains sufficient numbers of the butterfly Telipna sheffieldii to qualify as a global KBA (Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership 2024).
	\|~~Wildlife Conservation Society and National Forest Authority~~		\|Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership
	\|Ongoing (~~2023~~)		\|1948-Ongoing (2024)
	\|}		\|}

WikiEdit at 07:07, 6 November 2025

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	<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Itwara_FR.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly ~~inItwara~~ Central Forest Reserve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Itwara_FR.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly ~~inItwara~~ Central Forest Reserve]] </li></ul></div>		<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Itwara_FR.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly in Itwara Central Forest Reserve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Itwara_FR.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly in Itwara Central Forest Reserve]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =

WikiEdit at 06:50, 6 November 2025

2025-11-06T06:50:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:50, 6 November 2025
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	* The population trend is unknown.		* The population trend is unknown.
	* Key threats to chimpanzees are logging, hunting and expansion of farmland.		* Key threats to chimpanzees are logging, hunting and expansion of farmland.



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	[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]		[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]

	= Ape status =		= Ape status =

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	[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]		[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]

	= Threats =		= Threats =

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	[[Threats]]		[[Threats]]

	= Conservation activities =		= Conservation activities =

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	[[Conservation activities]]		[[Conservation activities]]

	= Challenges =		= Challenges =

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	[[Challenges]]		[[Challenges]]

	= Enablers =		= Enablers =

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	[[Enablers]]		[[Enablers]]

	= Research activities =		= Research activities =




	= Documented behaviours =		= Documented behaviours =



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	\|}		\|}


			<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Itwara_FR.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly inItwara Central Forest Reserve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Itwara_FR.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly inItwara Central Forest Reserve]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =