Ivindo National Park - Revision history

WikiEdit at 21:53, 15 October 2026

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	<span id="R00789"></span>UNESCO World Heritage Centre. (2021). Ivindo National Park [Website page]. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1653/		<span id="R00789"></span>UNESCO World Heritage Centre. (2021). Ivindo National Park [Website page]. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1653/

	<span id="R02217"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~1-19~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02217"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]



	'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2021-01-02		'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2021-01-02

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	<span id="R00789"></span>UNESCO World Heritage Centre. (2021). Ivindo National Park [Website page]. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1653/		<span id="R00789"></span>UNESCO World Heritage Centre. (2021). Ivindo National Park [Website page]. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1653/

	<span id="R02217"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~e0000345~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02217"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]



	'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2021-01-02		'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2021-01-02

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	= Site characteristics =		= Site characteristics =

	Ivindo National Park is located in the central area of Gabon. The site was declared a national park in 2002. Archaeological findings near the park show human habitation as early as 120,000 BP ([https://programs.wcs.org/langouebai WCS]). Within the park, the famous Langoué baï is found. Langoué baï is an ancient forest clearing, frequently visited by forest elephants, gorillas, forest buffalos, red river hogs, and a resident population of sitatunga ([https://programs.wcs.org/langouebai WCS]). Langoué baï serves as the base for the Wildlife Conservation Society Gabon’s Forest Program, which protects and monitors populations of gorillas and elephants. Leopards, aardvarks, pangolins, and central chimpanzees are also found at the site. At least 397 species of birds have been identified at Ivindo, including the rare picarthes (Rayden & Essame Essono 2010).		Ivindo National Park is located in the central area of Gabon. The site was declared a national park in 2002. Archaeological findings near the park show human habitation as early as 120,000 BP ([https://programs.wcs.org/langouebai WCS]). Within the park, the famous Langoué baï is found. Langoué baï is an ancient forest clearing, frequently visited by forest elephants, gorillas, forest buffalos, red river hogs, and a resident population of sitatunga ([https://programs.wcs.org/langouebai WCS]). Langoué baï serves as the base for the Wildlife Conservation Society Gabon’s Forest Program, which protects and monitors populations of gorillas and elephants. Leopards, aardvarks, pangolins, and central chimpanzees are also found at the site. At least 397 species of birds have been identified at Ivindo, including the rare picarthes ([[#R00787\|Rayden & Essame Essono 2010]]).

	'''Table 1. Basic site information for Ivindo National Park'''		'''Table 1. Basic site information for Ivindo National Park'''
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	= Threats =		= Threats =

	The park is surrounded by forestry concessions, which can have negative impacts if the forestry companies do not adhere to legal requirements for the control of illegal hunting (Rayden & Essame Essono 2010). A 2010 study found that a large number of the forestry companies are not legally compliant and improvements need to be made to control illegal hunting in the surrounding concessions (Rayden & Essame Essono 2010).		The park is surrounded by forestry concessions, which can have negative impacts if the forestry companies do not adhere to legal requirements for the control of illegal hunting ([[#R00787\|Rayden & Essame Essono 2010]]). A 2010 study found that a large number of the forestry companies are not legally compliant and improvements need to be made to control illegal hunting in the surrounding concessions ([[#R00787\|Rayden & Essame Essono 2010]]).

	'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Ivindo National Park'''		'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Ivindo National Park'''
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	\|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals		\|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
	\|Present (unknown severity)		\|Present (unknown severity)
	\|Hunting linked to the presence of forestry concessions around the park (Rayden & Essame Essono 2010).		\|Hunting linked to the presence of forestry concessions around the park ([[#R00787\|Rayden & Essame Essono 2010]]).
	\|Ongoing (2010)		\|Ongoing (2010)
	\|-		\|-
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	\|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting		\|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
	\|Present (unknown severity)		\|Present (unknown severity)
	\|Commercial logging around the park (Rayden & Essame Essono 2010).		\|Commercial logging around the park ([[#R00787\|Rayden & Essame Essono 2010]]).
	\|Ongoing (2010)		\|Ongoing (2010)
	\|}		\|}
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	= Challenges =		= Challenges =

	Communities were not consulted before the park was established, and are not involved in the park management (Lang, 2016).		Communities were not consulted before the park was established, and are not involved in the park management ([[#R00788\|Lang, 2016]]).

	'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Ivindo National Park'''		'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Ivindo National Park'''
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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, [[#R02217\|Kiribou et al. (2024)]] extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated ([[#R02217\|Kiribou et al. 2024]]).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Ivindo National Park'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Ivindo National Park'''
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	= References =		= References =

	Rayden, T., & Essame Essono, R. (2010). Evaluation of the management of wildlife in the forestry concessions around the national parks of Lopé, Waka and Ivindo, Gabon. Report to the WCS.		<span id="R00787"></span>Rayden, T., & Essame Essono, R. (2010). Evaluation of the management of wildlife in the forestry concessions around the national parks of Lopé, Waka and Ivindo, Gabon. Report to the WCS.

	Lang, C. (2016). Human rights abuses and livelihood impacts at the Ivindo National Park in Gabon. Online: https://medium.com/conservationwatch/human-rights-abuses-and-livelihood-impacts-at-the-ivindo-national-park-in-gabon-d8f00b511d3f ~~<br>~~		<span id="R00788"></span>Lang, C. (2016). Human rights abuses and livelihood impacts at the Ivindo National Park in Gabon. Online: https://medium.com/conservationwatch/human-rights-abuses-and-livelihood-impacts-at-the-ivindo-national-park-in-gabon-d8f00b511d3f

	UNESCO World Heritage Centre. (2021). Ivindo National Park [Website page]. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1653/ ~~<br>~~		<span id="R00789"></span>UNESCO World Heritage Centre. (2021). Ivindo National Park [Website page]. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1653/

			<span id="R02217"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]



	'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2021-01-02		'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2021-01-02

WikiEdit at 12:15, 3 September 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 08:15, 3 September 2026
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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. ~~subm.~~ extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (~~see~~ Kiribou et al. ~~subm. for details~~).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Ivindo National Park'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Ivindo National Park'''

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	Lang, C. (2016). Human rights abuses and livelihood impacts at the Ivindo National Park in Gabon. Online: https://medium.com/conservationwatch/human-rights-abuses-and-livelihood-impacts-at-the-ivindo-national-park-in-gabon-d8f00b511d3f <br>		Lang, C. (2016). Human rights abuses and livelihood impacts at the Ivindo National Park in Gabon. Online: https://medium.com/conservationwatch/human-rights-abuses-and-livelihood-impacts-at-the-ivindo-national-park-in-gabon-d8f00b511d3f <br>

	UNESCO World Heritage Centre. (2021). Ivindo National Park [Website page]. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1653/ <br>		UNESCO World Heritage Centre. (2021). Ivindo National Park [Website page]. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1653/ <br>

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	* Poaching is a key threat to great apes at the site.		* Poaching is a key threat to great apes at the site.
	* Conservation activities have focused on monitoring and research activities.		* Conservation activities have focused on monitoring and research activities.

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	\|The site is a designated National Park.		\|The site is a designated National Park.
	\|		\|
	\|2002-Ongoing (~~2021~~)		\|2002-Ongoing (2026)
	\|}		\|}

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	!Implementing organization(s)		!Implementing organization(s)
	!Year of activity		!Year of activity
			\|-
			\|6 Protection & restoration
			\|5.1 Create buffer zones around protected ape habitat
			\|The buffer zone was established with aim of combating poaching and illegal logging activities with the park (UNESCO World Heritage Centre 2025).
			\|
			\|2002-Ongoing (2021)
	\|-		\|-
	\|5 Protection & restoration		\|5 Protection & restoration
	\|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat		\|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
	\|The site is a designated National Park.		\|The site is a designated National Park.
	\|
	~~\|2002-Ongoing (2021)~~
	\|-
	~~\|6 Protection & restoration~~
	~~\|5.1 Create buffer zones around protected ape habitat~~
	~~\|The buffer zone was established with aim of combating poaching and illegal logging activities with the park (UNESCO World Heritage Centre 2025).~~
	\|		\|
	\|2002-Ongoing (2021)		\|2002-Ongoing (2021)

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	<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Ivindo_NP.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly ~~inIvindo~~ National Park]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Ivindo_NP.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly ~~inIvindo~~ National Park]] </li></ul></div>		<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Ivindo_NP.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly in Ivindo National Park]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Ivindo_NP.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly in Ivindo National Park]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =

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← Older revision		Revision as of 02:50, 6 November 2025
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	* Poaching is a key threat to great apes at the site.		* Poaching is a key threat to great apes at the site.
	* Conservation activities have focused on monitoring and research activities.		* Conservation activities have focused on monitoring and research activities.



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	[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]		[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]

	= Ape status =		= Ape status =

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	[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]		[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]

	= Threats =		= Threats =

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	[[Threats]]		[[Threats]]

	= Conservation activities =		= Conservation activities =

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	[[Conservation activities]]		[[Conservation activities]]

	= Challenges =		= Challenges =

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	[[Challenges]]		[[Challenges]]

	= Enablers =		= Enablers =

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	[[Enablers]]		[[Enablers]]

	= Research activities =		= Research activities =

	Since 2003, WCS Gabon has had a near-permanent presence at the Langoué research station. Monitoring of gorillas first took place between 2001 and 2008; in 2013 monitoring and research activities were resumed. This research has shown a currently unidentified skin condition is prevalent in many groups, in some severe cases causing deep lesions ([https://programs.wcs.org/langouebai/Our-Research/Western-lowland-gorillas.aspx WCS]).		Since 2003, WCS Gabon has had a near-permanent presence at the Langoué research station. Monitoring of gorillas first took place between 2001 and 2008; in 2013 monitoring and research activities were resumed. This research has shown a currently unidentified skin condition is prevalent in many groups, in some severe cases causing deep lesions ([https://programs.wcs.org/langouebai/Our-Research/Western-lowland-gorillas.aspx WCS]).


	= Documented behaviours =		= Documented behaviours =
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	[[Behaviours]]		[[Behaviours]]

	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

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	\|}		\|}


			<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Ivindo_NP.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly inIvindo National Park]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Ivindo_NP.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly inIvindo National Park]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =