Kibira National Park - Revision history

WikiEdit at 21:53, 15 October 2026

2026-10-15T21:53:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:53, 15 October 2026
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	<span id="R00889"></span>Hakizimana, D., & Huynen, M. (2013). Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) Population Density and Abundance in Kibira National Park, Burundi. ''Pan Africa News'', 20(2), 16-19. [https://doi.org/10.5134/180553 doi:10.5134/180553]		<span id="R00889"></span>Hakizimana, D., & Huynen, M. (2013). Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) Population Density and Abundance in Kibira National Park, Burundi. ''Pan Africa News'', 20(2), 16-19. [https://doi.org/10.5134/180553 doi:10.5134/180553]

	<span id="R02227"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~1-19~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02227"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

	<span id="R02037"></span>Kibira National Park. https://www.kibiranationalparkburundi.com/		<span id="R02037"></span>Kibira National Park. https://www.kibiranationalparkburundi.com/

WikiEdit at 14:34, 15 October 2026

2026-10-15T14:34:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:34, 15 October 2026
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	<span id="R00889"></span>Hakizimana, D., & Huynen, M. (2013). Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) Population Density and Abundance in Kibira National Park, Burundi. ''Pan Africa News'', 20(2), 16-19. [https://doi.org/10.5134/180553 doi:10.5134/180553]		<span id="R00889"></span>Hakizimana, D., & Huynen, M. (2013). Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) Population Density and Abundance in Kibira National Park, Burundi. ''Pan Africa News'', 20(2), 16-19. [https://doi.org/10.5134/180553 doi:10.5134/180553]

	<span id="R02227"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~e0000345~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02227"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

	<span id="R02037"></span>Kibira National Park. https://www.kibiranationalparkburundi.com/		<span id="R02037"></span>Kibira National Park. https://www.kibiranationalparkburundi.com/

WikiEdit at 00:10, 15 October 2026

2026-10-15T00:10:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:10, 14 October 2026
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	= Site characteristics =		= Site characteristics =

	Located in northwestern Burundi, Kibira National Park is contiguous with [[Nyungwe National Park]] in Rwanda; together they form a 130,000 ha montane forest block ([[#R00887\|BirdLife International 2020]]). The site lies from 1,600 to 2,666 m of altitude. Until 1933, Kibira was a royal hunting reserve ([http://www.fao.org/3/Y4853E/y4853e08.htm FAO]). Historically, parts of the forest in Kibira have been very important to local people, who consider it sacred and possessing magical qualities ([http://www.fao.org/3/Y4853E/y4853e08.htm FAO]). Between 1933 and 1980 Kibira was classified as the Congo-Nile Ridge Forest Reserve, under Belgian rule and after Burundian Independence in 1962 ([http://www.fao.org/3/Y4853E/y4853e08.htm FAO]). From 1980, active conservation efforts began at the site; in the same year, it was declared a National Park ([[#R00888\|Hakizimana et al. 2015]]). In addition to Eastern chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes''), other primate species found at the site include Ruwenzori colobus (''Colobus angolensis ruwenzorii''), golden monkey (''Cercopithecus mitis kandti''), and L'Hoest's monkey (''Cercopithecus l’hoesti''). The park is also home to many of the Albertine Rift endemic bird species, and is a designated Important Bird Area ([[#R00887\|BirdLife International 2020]]).		Located in northwestern Burundi, [[#R02037\|Kibira National Park]] is contiguous with [[Nyungwe National Park]] in Rwanda; together they form a 130,000 ha montane forest block ([[#R00887\|BirdLife International 2020]]). The site lies from 1,600 to 2,666 m of altitude. Until 1933, Kibira was a royal hunting reserve ([http://www.fao.org/3/Y4853E/y4853e08.htm FAO]). Historically, parts of the forest in Kibira have been very important to local people, who consider it sacred and possessing magical qualities ([http://www.fao.org/3/Y4853E/y4853e08.htm FAO]). Between 1933 and 1980 Kibira was classified as the Congo-Nile Ridge Forest Reserve, under Belgian rule and after Burundian Independence in 1962 ([http://www.fao.org/3/Y4853E/y4853e08.htm FAO]). From 1980, active conservation efforts began at the site; in the same year, it was declared a National Park ([[#R00888\|Hakizimana et al. 2015]]). In addition to Eastern chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes''), other primate species found at the site include Ruwenzori colobus (''Colobus angolensis ruwenzorii''), golden monkey (''Cercopithecus mitis kandti''), and L'Hoest's monkey (''Cercopithecus l’hoesti''). The park is also home to many of the Albertine Rift endemic bird species, and is a designated Important Bird Area ([[#R00887\|BirdLife International 2020]]).

	'''Table 1. Basic site information for Kibira National Park'''		'''Table 1. Basic site information for Kibira National Park'''
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	= Threats =		= Threats =

	Kibira forest originally covered about 900 km², but this was reduced to 400 km² as a result of a tea plantation extension program implemented by the government in the 1970s. As the land surrounding Kibira National Park was particularly suitable for tea cultivation, a large area was deforested for the program ([[#R00888\|Hakizimana et al. 2015]]). Rebels who occupied the forest during several years of civil conflict, between 1994 and 2007, logged and extensively hunted large mammals ([[#R00888\|Hakizimana et al. 2015]]).		Kibira forest originally covered about 900 km², but this was reduced to 400 km² as a result of a tea plantation extension program implemented by the government in the 1970s. As the land surrounding [[#R02037\|Kibira National Park]] was particularly suitable for tea cultivation, a large area was deforested for the program ([[#R00888\|Hakizimana et al. 2015]]). Rebels who occupied the forest during several years of civil conflict, between 1994 and 2007, logged and extensively hunted large mammals ([[#R00888\|Hakizimana et al. 2015]]).

	'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Kibira National Park'''		'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Kibira National Park'''
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	= Research activities =		= Research activities =

	A study found that chimpanzees in Kibira National Park are selective in the choice of nest trees, preferring to nest in ''Parinari excelsa'' trees, which occur in low densities at the park. On the other hand, the more abundant ''Macaranga kilimandscharica'' trees were less used ([[#R00888\|Hakizimana et al. 2015]]).		A study found that chimpanzees in [[#R02037\|Kibira National Park]] are selective in the choice of nest trees, preferring to nest in ''Parinari excelsa'' trees, which occur in low densities at the park. On the other hand, the more abundant ''Macaranga kilimandscharica'' trees were less used ([[#R00888\|Hakizimana et al. 2015]]).


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	= References =		= References =

	<span id="R00887"></span>BirdLife International. (2020). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Kibira National Park. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 08/12/2020.		<span id="R00887"></span>BirdLife International. (2020). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Kibira National Park. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 08/12/2020. [https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/7046-kibale-national-park link]

	<span id="R00888"></span>Hakizimana, D., Hambuckers, A., & Brotcorne, F. (2015). Characterization of nest sites of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Kibira National Park, Burundi.African Primates, 10,1–12. [http://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/static/f/1200343/26671566/1447432044140/African+Primates+Vol+10+2015+Hakizimana+et+al.pdf?token=FBxeVBVA8oVJQVPxXa9574ZnZHY%3D link]		<span id="R00888"></span>Hakizimana, D., Hambuckers, A., & Brotcorne, F. (2015). Characterization of nest sites of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Kibira National Park, Burundi.African Primates, 10,1–12. [http://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/static/f/1200343/26671566/1447432044140/African+Primates+Vol+10+2015+Hakizimana+et+al.pdf?token=FBxeVBVA8oVJQVPxXa9574ZnZHY%3D link]

WikiEdit at 19:10, 14 October 2026

2026-10-14T19:10:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:10, 14 October 2026
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	<span id="R00887"></span>BirdLife International. (2020). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Kibira National Park. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 08/12/2020.		<span id="R00887"></span>BirdLife International. (2020). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Kibira National Park. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 08/12/2020.

	<span id="R00888"></span>Hakizimana, D., Hambuckers, A., & Brotcorne, F. (2015). Characterization of nest sites of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Kibira National Park, Burundi.African Primates, 10,1–12.		<span id="R00888"></span>Hakizimana, D., Hambuckers, A., & Brotcorne, F. (2015). Characterization of nest sites of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Kibira National Park, Burundi.African Primates, 10,1–12. [http://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/static/f/1200343/26671566/1447432044140/African+Primates+Vol+10+2015+Hakizimana+et+al.pdf?token=FBxeVBVA8oVJQVPxXa9574ZnZHY%3D link]

	<span id="R00889"></span>Hakizimana, D., & Huynen, M. (2013). Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) Population Density and Abundance in Kibira National Park, Burundi. ''Pan Africa News'', 20(2), 16-19. [https://doi.org/10.5134/180553 doi:10.5134/180553]		<span id="R00889"></span>Hakizimana, D., & Huynen, M. (2013). Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) Population Density and Abundance in Kibira National Park, Burundi. ''Pan Africa News'', 20(2), 16-19. [https://doi.org/10.5134/180553 doi:10.5134/180553]

WikiEdit at 20:28, 12 October 2026

2026-10-12T20:28:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:28, 12 October 2026
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	= Site characteristics =		= Site characteristics =

	Located in northwestern Burundi, Kibira National Park is contiguous with [[Nyungwe National Park]] in Rwanda; together they form a 130,000 ha montane forest block (BirdLife International 2020). The site lies from 1,600 to 2,666 m of altitude. Until 1933, Kibira was a royal hunting reserve ([http://www.fao.org/3/Y4853E/y4853e08.htm FAO]). Historically, parts of the forest in Kibira have been very important to local people, who consider it sacred and possessing magical qualities ([http://www.fao.org/3/Y4853E/y4853e08.htm FAO]). Between 1933 and 1980 Kibira was classified as the Congo-Nile Ridge Forest Reserve, under Belgian rule and after Burundian Independence in 1962 ([http://www.fao.org/3/Y4853E/y4853e08.htm FAO]). From 1980, active conservation efforts began at the site; in the same year, it was declared a National Park (Hakizimana et al. 2015). In addition to Eastern chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes''), other primate species found at the site include Ruwenzori colobus (''Colobus angolensis ruwenzorii''), golden monkey (''Cercopithecus mitis kandti''), and L'Hoest's monkey (''Cercopithecus l’hoesti''). The park is also home to many of the Albertine Rift endemic bird species, and is a designated Important Bird Area (BirdLife International 2020).		Located in northwestern Burundi, Kibira National Park is contiguous with [[Nyungwe National Park]] in Rwanda; together they form a 130,000 ha montane forest block ([[#R00887\|BirdLife International 2020]]). The site lies from 1,600 to 2,666 m of altitude. Until 1933, Kibira was a royal hunting reserve ([http://www.fao.org/3/Y4853E/y4853e08.htm FAO]). Historically, parts of the forest in Kibira have been very important to local people, who consider it sacred and possessing magical qualities ([http://www.fao.org/3/Y4853E/y4853e08.htm FAO]). Between 1933 and 1980 Kibira was classified as the Congo-Nile Ridge Forest Reserve, under Belgian rule and after Burundian Independence in 1962 ([http://www.fao.org/3/Y4853E/y4853e08.htm FAO]). From 1980, active conservation efforts began at the site; in the same year, it was declared a National Park ([[#R00888\|Hakizimana et al. 2015]]). In addition to Eastern chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes''), other primate species found at the site include Ruwenzori colobus (''Colobus angolensis ruwenzorii''), golden monkey (''Cercopithecus mitis kandti''), and L'Hoest's monkey (''Cercopithecus l’hoesti''). The park is also home to many of the Albertine Rift endemic bird species, and is a designated Important Bird Area ([[#R00887\|BirdLife International 2020]]).

	'''Table 1. Basic site information for Kibira National Park'''		'''Table 1. Basic site information for Kibira National Park'''
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	\|Line transects		\|Line transects
	\|		\|
	\|Hakizimana & Huynen 2013		\|[[#R00889\|Hakizimana & Huynen 2013]]
	\|Survey effort: 864 km		\|Survey effort: 864 km
	\|		\|
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	= Threats =		= Threats =

	Kibira forest originally covered about 900 km², but this was reduced to 400 km² as a result of a tea plantation extension program implemented by the government in the 1970s. As the land surrounding Kibira National Park was particularly suitable for tea cultivation, a large area was deforested for the program (Hakizimana et al. 2015). Rebels who occupied the forest during several years of civil conflict, between 1994 and 2007, logged and extensively hunted large mammals (Hakizimana et al. 2015).		Kibira forest originally covered about 900 km², but this was reduced to 400 km² as a result of a tea plantation extension program implemented by the government in the 1970s. As the land surrounding Kibira National Park was particularly suitable for tea cultivation, a large area was deforested for the program ([[#R00888\|Hakizimana et al. 2015]]). Rebels who occupied the forest during several years of civil conflict, between 1994 and 2007, logged and extensively hunted large mammals ([[#R00888\|Hakizimana et al. 2015]]).

	'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Kibira National Park'''		'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Kibira National Park'''
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	\|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops		\|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
	\|High (more than 70% of population affected)		\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
	\|Deforestation as a result of agricultural expansion in the 1970s (Hakizimana et al. 2015).		\|Deforestation as a result of agricultural expansion in the 1970s ([[#R00888\|Hakizimana et al. 2015]]).
	\|1970-1979		\|1970-1979
	\|-		\|-
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	\|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals		\|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
	\|Present (unknown severity)		\|Present (unknown severity)
	\|Hunting by rebels who occupied the forest (Hakizimana et al. 2015).		\|Hunting by rebels who occupied the forest ([[#R00888\|Hakizimana et al. 2015]]).
	\|Ongoing (2015)		\|Ongoing (2015)
	\|-		\|-
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	\|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting		\|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
	\|Present (unknown severity)		\|Present (unknown severity)
	\|Logging by rebels who occupied the forest for several years (Hakizimana et al. 2015).		\|Logging by rebels who occupied the forest for several years ([[#R00888\|Hakizimana et al. 2015]]).
	\|Ongoing (2015)		\|Ongoing (2015)
	\|}		\|}
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	\|8 Permanent presence		\|8 Permanent presence
	\|8.2 Run tourist projects and ensure permanent human presence at site		\|8.2 Run tourist projects and ensure permanent human presence at site
	\|Chimpanzee tracking, bird watching, safaris, and other activities offered ([~~https://www.kibiranationalparkburundi.com/~~ Kibira National Park]).		\|Chimpanzee tracking, bird watching, safaris, and other activities offered ([[#R02037\|Kibira National Park]]).
	\|		\|
	\|Ongoing (2021)		\|Ongoing (2021)
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	= Research activities =		= Research activities =

	A study found that chimpanzees in Kibira National Park are selective in the choice of nest trees, preferring to nest in ''Parinari excelsa'' trees, which occur in low densities at the park. On the other hand, the more abundant ''Macaranga kilimandscharica'' trees were less used (Hakizimana et al. 2015).		A study found that chimpanzees in Kibira National Park are selective in the choice of nest trees, preferring to nest in ''Parinari excelsa'' trees, which occur in low densities at the park. On the other hand, the more abundant ''Macaranga kilimandscharica'' trees were less used ([[#R00888\|Hakizimana et al. 2015]]).


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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, [[#R02227\|Kiribou et al. (2024)]] extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated ([[#R02227\|Kiribou et al. 2024]]).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Kibira National Park'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Kibira National Park'''
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	= References =		= References =

	BirdLife International. (2020). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Kibira National Park. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 08/12/2020.		<span id="R00887"></span>BirdLife International. (2020). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Kibira National Park. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 08/12/2020.

	Hakizimana, D., Hambuckers, A., & Brotcorne, F. (2015). Characterization of nest sites of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Kibira National Park, Burundi.African Primates, 10,1–12.		<span id="R00888"></span>Hakizimana, D., Hambuckers, A., & Brotcorne, F. (2015). Characterization of nest sites of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Kibira National Park, Burundi.African Primates, 10,1–12.

	Hakizimana, D. & ~~Huyne~~, M. (2013). Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) Population Density and Abundance in Kibira National Park, Burundi. Pan Africa News, 20(2).		<span id="R00889"></span>Hakizimana, D., & Huynen, M. (2013). Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) Population Density and Abundance in Kibira National Park, Burundi. ''Pan Africa News'', 20(2), 16-19. [https://doi.org/10.5134/180553 doi:10.5134/180553]

			<span id="R02227"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

			<span id="R02037"></span>Kibira National Park. https://www.kibiranationalparkburundi.com/



	'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2021-01-14		'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2021-01-14

WikiEdit at 12:16, 3 September 2026

2026-09-03T12:16:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:16, 3 September 2026
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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. ~~subm.~~ extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (~~see~~ Kiribou et al. ~~subm. for details~~).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Kibira National Park'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Kibira National Park'''

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	* Key threats to chimpanzees are hunting and logging.		* Key threats to chimpanzees are hunting and logging.
	* Conservation activities have focused on running tourist projects and involving local communities.		* Conservation activities have focused on running tourist projects and involving local communities.
	* The park is adjacent to [[Nyungwe ~~Forest~~ National Park]] in Rwanda.		* The park is adjacent to [[Nyungwe National Park]] in Rwanda.





	= Site characteristics =		= Site characteristics =

	Located in northwestern Burundi, Kibira National Park is contiguous with [[Nyungwe ~~Forest~~ National Park]] in Rwanda; together they form a 130,000 ha montane forest block (BirdLife International 2020). The site lies from 1,600 to 2,666 m of altitude. Until 1933, Kibira was a royal hunting reserve ([http://www.fao.org/3/Y4853E/y4853e08.htm FAO]). Historically, parts of the forest in Kibira have been very important to local people, who consider it sacred and possessing magical qualities ([http://www.fao.org/3/Y4853E/y4853e08.htm FAO]). Between 1933 and 1980 Kibira was classified as the Congo-Nile Ridge Forest Reserve, under Belgian rule and after Burundian Independence in 1962 ([http://www.fao.org/3/Y4853E/y4853e08.htm FAO]). From 1980, active conservation efforts began at the site; in the same year, it was declared a National Park (Hakizimana et al. 2015). In addition to Eastern chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes''), other primate species found at the site include Ruwenzori colobus (''Colobus angolensis ruwenzorii''), golden monkey (''Cercopithecus mitis kandti''), and L'Hoest's monkey (''Cercopithecus l’hoesti''). The park is also home to many of the Albertine Rift endemic bird species, and is a designated Important Bird Area (BirdLife International 2020).		Located in northwestern Burundi, Kibira National Park is contiguous with [[Nyungwe National Park]] in Rwanda; together they form a 130,000 ha montane forest block (BirdLife International 2020). The site lies from 1,600 to 2,666 m of altitude. Until 1933, Kibira was a royal hunting reserve ([http://www.fao.org/3/Y4853E/y4853e08.htm FAO]). Historically, parts of the forest in Kibira have been very important to local people, who consider it sacred and possessing magical qualities ([http://www.fao.org/3/Y4853E/y4853e08.htm FAO]). Between 1933 and 1980 Kibira was classified as the Congo-Nile Ridge Forest Reserve, under Belgian rule and after Burundian Independence in 1962 ([http://www.fao.org/3/Y4853E/y4853e08.htm FAO]). From 1980, active conservation efforts began at the site; in the same year, it was declared a National Park (Hakizimana et al. 2015). In addition to Eastern chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes''), other primate species found at the site include Ruwenzori colobus (''Colobus angolensis ruwenzorii''), golden monkey (''Cercopithecus mitis kandti''), and L'Hoest's monkey (''Cercopithecus l’hoesti''). The park is also home to many of the Albertine Rift endemic bird species, and is a designated Important Bird Area (BirdLife International 2020).

	'''Table 1. Basic site information for Kibira National Park'''		'''Table 1. Basic site information for Kibira National Park'''

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	\|The site is a National Park.		\|The site is a National Park.
	\|		\|
	\|2000-Ongoing (~~2021~~)		\|2000-Ongoing (2026)
	\|-		\|-
	\|8 Permanent presence		\|8 Permanent presence

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	<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Kibira_NP.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly ~~inKibira~~ National Park]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Kibira_NP.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly ~~inKibira~~ National Park]] </li></ul></div>		<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Kibira_NP.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly in Kibira National Park]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Kibira_NP.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly in Kibira National Park]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =

WikiEdit at 06:51, 6 November 2025

2025-11-06T06:51:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:51, 6 November 2025
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	* Conservation activities have focused on running tourist projects and involving local communities.		* Conservation activities have focused on running tourist projects and involving local communities.
	* The park is adjacent to [[Nyungwe Forest National Park]] in Rwanda.		* The park is adjacent to [[Nyungwe Forest National Park]] in Rwanda.



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	[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]		[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]

	= Ape status =		= Ape status =

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	[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]		[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]

	= Threats =		= Threats =

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	[[Threats]]		[[Threats]]

	= Conservation activities =		= Conservation activities =

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	[[Conservation activities]]		[[Conservation activities]]

	= Challenges =		= Challenges =

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	[[Challenges]]		[[Challenges]]

	= Enablers =		= Enablers =

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	[[Enablers]]		[[Enablers]]

	= Research activities =		= Research activities =

	A study found that chimpanzees in Kibira National Park are selective in the choice of nest trees, preferring to nest in ''Parinari excelsa'' trees, which occur in low densities at the park. On the other hand, the more abundant ''Macaranga kilimandscharica'' trees were less used (Hakizimana et al. 2015).		A study found that chimpanzees in Kibira National Park are selective in the choice of nest trees, preferring to nest in ''Parinari excelsa'' trees, which occur in low densities at the park. On the other hand, the more abundant ''Macaranga kilimandscharica'' trees were less used (Hakizimana et al. 2015).


	= Documented behaviours =		= Documented behaviours =
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	[[Behaviours]]		[[Behaviours]]

	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

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	\|}		\|}


			<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Kibira_NP.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly inKibira National Park]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Kibira_NP.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly inKibira National Park]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =