Kyambura Wildlife Reserve - Revision history

WikiEdit at 21:53, 15 October 2026

2026-10-15T21:53:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:53, 15 October 2026
Line 438:		Line 438:
	<span id="R00977"></span>Zwick, K. L., Stubblefield, L., Allan, C., Sivell, D., Lloyd, J., & Cunneyworth, P. (1997). Methods manual. Frontier Protected Areas Project Baseline Surveys Programme, The Society for Environmental Exploration, London & Uganda.		<span id="R00977"></span>Zwick, K. L., Stubblefield, L., Allan, C., Sivell, D., Lloyd, J., & Cunneyworth, P. (1997). Methods manual. Frontier Protected Areas Project Baseline Surveys Programme, The Society for Environmental Exploration, London & Uganda.

	<span id="R02236"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~1-19~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02236"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]



	'''Page created by: '''Steven Joel Basiibye''' Date:''' 2024-11-20		'''Page created by: '''Steven Joel Basiibye''' Date:''' 2024-11-20

WikiEdit at 14:34, 15 October 2026

2026-10-15T14:34:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:34, 15 October 2026
Line 438:		Line 438:
	<span id="R00977"></span>Zwick, K. L., Stubblefield, L., Allan, C., Sivell, D., Lloyd, J., & Cunneyworth, P. (1997). Methods manual. Frontier Protected Areas Project Baseline Surveys Programme, The Society for Environmental Exploration, London & Uganda.		<span id="R00977"></span>Zwick, K. L., Stubblefield, L., Allan, C., Sivell, D., Lloyd, J., & Cunneyworth, P. (1997). Methods manual. Frontier Protected Areas Project Baseline Surveys Programme, The Society for Environmental Exploration, London & Uganda.

	<span id="R02236"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~e0000345~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02236"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]



	'''Page created by: '''Steven Joel Basiibye''' Date:''' 2024-11-20		'''Page created by: '''Steven Joel Basiibye''' Date:''' 2024-11-20

WikiEdit at 20:28, 12 October 2026

2026-10-12T20:28:48Z

Show changes

WikiEdit at 12:16, 3 September 2026

2026-09-03T12:16:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:16, 3 September 2026
Line 291:		Line 291:
	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. ~~subm.~~ extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (~~see~~ Kiribou et al. ~~subm. for details~~).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Kyambura Wildlife Reserve'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Kyambura Wildlife Reserve'''

WikiEdit at 14:47, 1 September 2026

2026-09-01T14:47:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:47, 1 September 2026
Line 416:		Line 416:
	= References =		= References =

	Allan, C. (1994). Kyambura Game Reserve, Uganda. Preliminary results of Frontier Uganda Biological Assessment. Frontier, The Society for Environmental Exploration report~~. <br>~~		Allan, C. (1994). Kyambura Game Reserve, Uganda. Preliminary results of Frontier Uganda Biological Assessment. Frontier, The Society for Environmental Exploration report. <br>
	Byaruhanga, Kasoma & Pomeroy. (2001). Important Bird Areas in Africa and associated islands-Uganda. In Fishpool, L. D., & Evans, M. I. (Eds.), Important Bird Areas in Africa and associated islands: Priority sites for conservation (975-1003). Cambridge: Birdlife International. <br>
	Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership. (2025). Key Biodiversity Areas factsheet: Kyambura Wildlife Reserve. Extracted from the World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas. Developed by the Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership: BirdLife International, IUCN, American Bird Conservancy, Amphibian Survival Alliance, Conservation International, Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, Global Environment Facility, Re:wild, NatureServe, Rainforest Trust, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, World Wildlife Fund and Wildlife Conservation Society. Downloaded from https://keybiodiversityareas.org/ on Mar 10, 2025. <br>
	Krüger, O., Affeldt, E., Brackmann, M., & Milhahn, K. (1998). Group size and composition of Colobus guereza in Kyambura Gorge, southwest Uganda, in relation to chimpanzee activity. International Journal of Primatology, 19, 287-297. <br>
	~~New Vision. (n.d.). Uganda increases power generation with more dams. https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1513829/uganda-increases-power-generation-dams <br>~~
	~~Plumptre, A.J., Cox, D. and Mugume, S. (2003). The Status of Chimpanzees in Uganda. Albertine Rift Technical Report Series No. 2. Wildlife Conservation Society, New York.<br>~~
	~~UWA. (2012). Queen Elizabeth National Park, Kyambura Wildlife Reserve and Kigezi Wildlife Reserve. General Management Plan (2011 - 2021). Kampala, Uganda <br>~~
	~~UWA. (2025). Kyambura. https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlifereserves/kyambura/ Retrieved on 13th March 2025 <br>~~
	~~Volcanoes safaris. (2025). Kyambura Community Projects, Kyambura Gorge Eco-tourism Project. https://volcanoessafaris.com/kyambura-community-projects/ Retrieved on 13th March, 2025 <br>~~
	~~WCS. 2008. Queen Elizabeth Conservation Area Corridor Action Plan, 2008. Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), Kampala <br>~~
	Zwick, K.L (Ed.), Stubblefield, L., Allan, C., Sivell, D., Lloyd, J., and Cunneyworth, P. (1997). Methods Manual. Frontier Protected Areas Project Baseline Surveys Programme. The Society for Environmental Exploration, London & Uganda WiKampala. <br>

			Byaruhanga, Kasoma, & Pomeroy. (2001). Important Bird Areas in Africa and associated islands—Uganda. In Fishpool, L. D., & Evans, M. I. (Eds.), Important Bird Areas in Africa and associated islands: Priority sites for conservation (pp. 975–1003). Cambridge: BirdLife International. <br>

			Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership. (2025). Key Biodiversity Areas factsheet: Kyambura Wildlife Reserve. Extracted from the World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas. Developed by the Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership: BirdLife International, IUCN, American Bird Conservancy, Amphibian Survival Alliance, Conservation International, Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, Global Environment Facility, Re:wild, NatureServe, Rainforest Trust, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, World Wildlife Fund, and Wildlife Conservation Society. Downloaded from https://keybiodiversityareas.org/ on March 10, 2025. <br>

			Krüger, O., Affeldt, E., Brackmann, M., & Milhahn, K. (1998). Group size and composition of Colobus guereza in Kyambura Gorge, southwest Uganda, in relation to chimpanzee activity. International Journal of Primatology, 19, 287–297. <br>

			New Vision. (n.d.). Uganda increases power generation with more dams. https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1513829/uganda-increases-power-generation-dams <br>

			Plumptre, A. J., Cox, D., & Mugume, S. (2003). The status of chimpanzees in Uganda. Albertine Rift Technical Report Series No. 2. Wildlife Conservation Society, New York. <br>

			UWA. (2012). Queen Elizabeth National Park, Kyambura Wildlife Reserve and Kigezi Wildlife Reserve: General Management Plan (2011–2021). Kampala, Uganda. <br>

			UWA. (2025). Kyambura. https://ugandawildlife.org/wildlifereserves/kyambura/ Retrieved on March 13, 2025. <br>

			Volcanoes Safaris. (2025). Kyambura Community Projects, Kyambura Gorge Eco-tourism Project. https://volcanoessafaris.com/kyambura-community-projects/ Retrieved on March 13, 2025. <br>

			WCS. (2008). Queen Elizabeth Conservation Area Corridor Action Plan, 2008. Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), Kampala. <br>

			Zwick, K. L. (Ed.), Stubblefield, L., Allan, C., Sivell, D., Lloyd, J., & Cunneyworth, P. (1997). Methods manual. Frontier Protected Areas Project Baseline Surveys Programme. The Society for Environmental Exploration, London & Uganda. <br>

WikiEdit at 13:34, 2 June 2026

2026-06-02T13:34:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:34, 2 June 2026
Line 107:		Line 107:
	\|-		\|-
	\|5 Biological resource use		\|5 Biological resource use
	\|5.1.2 Unintentional effects ~~(species is not the target)~~		\|5.1.2 Unintentional effects
	\|High (more than 70% of population affected)		\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
	\|Poaching for commercial and subsistence use, using firearms (including automatic weapons such as the AK47), wire snares, nets and various types of foot traps (UWA 2012). High intensity registered between 1970s -1980 due to civil unrest (Zwick et al. 1997). Risk of chimpanzees being ensnared or trapped by traps made for other animals.		\|Poaching for commercial and subsistence use, using firearms (including automatic weapons such as the AK47), wire snares, nets and various types of foot traps (UWA 2012). High intensity registered between 1970s -1980 due to civil unrest (Zwick et al. 1997). Risk of chimpanzees being ensnared or trapped by traps made for other animals.

WikiEdit at 14:45, 25 March 2026

2026-03-25T14:45:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:45, 25 March 2026
Line 10:		Line 10:
	* It has been estimated that approximately 55 chimpanzees inhabit the site.		* It has been estimated that approximately 55 chimpanzees inhabit the site.
	* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.		* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.






Line 98:		Line 94:
	!Year of threat		!Year of threat
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~6 Human intrusions~~ & ~~disturbance~~		\|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
	\|6.2 ~~War, civil unrest~~ & ~~military exercises~~		\|2.1.2 Small-holder farming
	\|~~Low~~ (~~up to 30% of population affected~~)		\|Present (unknown severity)
	\|~~Civil unrest between 1970s~~ and ~~early 1980s~~ (~~Byaruhanga et al. 2001~~).		\|Intensive cultivation along the Kyambura River restricting favorable habitats for chimpanzees (WCS 2008).
	\|~~1970-1980~~		\|1990-Ongoing (2008)
			\|-
			\|4 Transportation & service corridors
			\|4.1 Roads & railroads
			\|Present (unknown severity)
			\|The growing road network and power line, cutting through the Kyambura gorge corridor and its escarpment banks that links Kyambura and Kasyoha-Kitomi, make deep intrusions into the underground riparian forest that is a home to chimpanzees (BirdLife International 2025).
			\|Ongoing (2025)
	\|-		\|-
	\|5 Biological resource use		\|5 Biological resource use
Line 109:		Line 111:
	\|Poaching for commercial and subsistence use, using firearms (including automatic weapons such as the AK47), wire snares, nets and various types of foot traps (UWA 2012). High intensity registered between 1970s -1980 due to civil unrest (Zwick et al. 1997). Risk of chimpanzees being ensnared or trapped by traps made for other animals.		\|Poaching for commercial and subsistence use, using firearms (including automatic weapons such as the AK47), wire snares, nets and various types of foot traps (UWA 2012). High intensity registered between 1970s -1980 due to civil unrest (Zwick et al. 1997). Risk of chimpanzees being ensnared or trapped by traps made for other animals.
	\|1970-Ongoing (2012)		\|1970-Ongoing (2012)
	\|-
	~~\|2 Agriculture & aquaculture~~
	~~\|2.1.2 Small-holder farming~~
	~~\|Present (unknown severity)~~
	~~\|Intensive cultivation along the Kyambura River restricting favorable habitats for chimpanzees (WCS 2008).~~
	~~\|1990-Ongoing (2008)~~
	\|-
	~~\|7 Natural system modifications~~
	~~\|7.2 Dams & water management/use~~
	~~\|Low (up to 30% of population affected)~~
	~~\|The hydropower project was proposed for development in 2011 (UWA 2012), constructed in 2017, and made operational in 2019 (New Vision n.d.).~~
	~~\|2017-Ongoing (2019)~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|5 Biological resource use		\|5 Biological resource use
Line 127:		Line 117:
	\|Logging and harvesting of wood has reduced abundance of fig trees which are critical to survival of primates in such savanna habitats (WCS 2008).		\|Logging and harvesting of wood has reduced abundance of fig trees which are critical to survival of primates in such savanna habitats (WCS 2008).
	\|Ongoing (2008)		\|Ongoing (2008)
			\|-
			\|6 Human intrusions & disturbance
			\|6.2 War, civil unrest & military exercises
			\|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
			\|Civil unrest between 1970s and early 1980s (Byaruhanga et al. 2001).
			\|1970-1980
	\|-		\|-
	\|7 Natural system modifications		\|7 Natural system modifications
Line 134:		Line 130:
	\|Ongoing (2012)		\|Ongoing (2012)
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~4 Transportation & service corridors~~		\|7 Natural system modifications
	\|4.~~1 Roads~~ & ~~railroads~~		\|7.2 Dams & water management/use
	\|~~Present~~ (~~unknown severity~~)		\|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
	\|The ~~growing road network and power line~~, ~~cutting through the Kyambura gorge corridor~~ and ~~its escarpment banks that links Kyambura and Kasyoha-Kitomi, make deep intrusions into the underground riparian forest that is a home to chimpanzees~~ (~~BirdLife International 2025~~).		\|The hydropower project was proposed for development in 2011 (UWA 2012), constructed in 2017, and made operational in 2019 (New Vision n.d.).
	\|Ongoing (~~2025~~)		\|2017-Ongoing (2019)
	\|}		\|}

WikiEdit at 07:27, 4 February 2026

2026-02-04T07:27:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:27, 4 February 2026
Line 177:		Line 177:
	\|The are was gazetted as a wildlife reserve in 1966 (UWA 2025).		\|The are was gazetted as a wildlife reserve in 1966 (UWA 2025).
	\|Uganda Wildlife Authority		\|Uganda Wildlife Authority
	\|1997-Ongoing (~~2025~~)		\|1997-Ongoing (2026)
	\|-		\|-
	\|5 Protection & restoration		\|5 Protection & restoration

WikiEdit at 14:29, 23 December 2025

2025-12-23T14:29:42Z

@@ Line 154: / Line 154: @@
 !Implementing organization(s)
 !Year of activity
 |-
 |2 Counter-wildlife crime
@@ Line 190: / Line 172: @@
 |Uganda Wildlife Authority
 |Ongoing (2025)
 |-
 |5 Protection & restoration
@@ Line 202: / Line 190: @@
 |Volcanoes Safaris, Uganda Wildlife Authority
 |Ongoing (2025)
 |}

WikiEdit at 07:07, 6 November 2025

2025-11-06T07:07:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:07, 6 November 2025
Line 412:		Line 412:


	<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Kyambura_WR.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly ~~inKyambura~~ Wildlife Reserve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Kyambura_WR.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly ~~inKyambura~~ Wildlife Reserve]] </li></ul></div>		<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Kyambura_WR.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly in Kyambura Wildlife Reserve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Kyambura_WR.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly in Kyambura Wildlife Reserve]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =