Lac Télé Community Reserve - Revision history

WikiEdit at 21:53, 15 October 2026

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	<span id="R01007"></span>Tutin, C. E. G., Parnell, R. J., White, L. J. T., & Fernandez, M. (1995). Nest building by lowland gorillas in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon: Environmental influences and implications for censusing. ''International Journal of Primatology'', 16(1), 53-76. [https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02700153 doi:10.1007/bf02700153]		<span id="R01007"></span>Tutin, C. E. G., Parnell, R. J., White, L. J. T., & Fernandez, M. (1995). Nest building by lowland gorillas in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon: Environmental influences and implications for censusing. ''International Journal of Primatology'', 16(1), 53-76. [https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02700153 doi:10.1007/bf02700153]

	<span id="R02237"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~1-19~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02237"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

	<span id="R02002"></span>WCS. https://congo.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Lac-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9-Community-Reserve.aspx		<span id="R02002"></span>WCS. https://congo.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Lac-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9-Community-Reserve.aspx

WikiEdit at 14:34, 15 October 2026

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	<span id="R01007"></span>Tutin, C. E. G., Parnell, R. J., White, L. J. T., & Fernandez, M. (1995). Nest building by lowland gorillas in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon: Environmental influences and implications for censusing. ''International Journal of Primatology'', 16(1), 53-76. [https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02700153 doi:10.1007/bf02700153]		<span id="R01007"></span>Tutin, C. E. G., Parnell, R. J., White, L. J. T., & Fernandez, M. (1995). Nest building by lowland gorillas in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon: Environmental influences and implications for censusing. ''International Journal of Primatology'', 16(1), 53-76. [https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02700153 doi:10.1007/bf02700153]

	<span id="R02237"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~e0000345~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02237"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

	<span id="R02002"></span>WCS. https://congo.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Lac-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9-Community-Reserve.aspx		<span id="R02002"></span>WCS. https://congo.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Lac-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9-Community-Reserve.aspx

WikiEdit at 00:10, 15 October 2026

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	= Conservation activities =		= Conservation activities =

	The reserve is managed by the Ministry of Forest Economy (MEF) in partnership with WCS Congo. The reserve employs 65 staff (2024 figure) (3 MEF, 62 WCS) in five departments: law enforcement, community development, research & monitoring, logistics, human resources & finance. Annual budget is 1,5 USD M (2024) (100% provided by WCS). Law enfocement team comprises 19 staff (2 MEF; 17 WCS). Law enforcement patrols are permanently deployed in the field (2024 figures: 71 patrols and 3,105 man-days of rangers in the field; 9 poachers arrested; 1,161 kg of bushmeat seized). Community-based conservation is constantly implemented, focusing on sustainable use of natural resources (fish), improving living conditions (school, health, etc.) and developing income generating activities (honey, cocoa). Research and ecological biomonitoring in place for several years focusing on large and medium sized mammals. Research and biomonitoring strategy currently being designed for the next 5 years (Brugiere pers. comm. 2025).		The reserve is managed by the Ministry of Forest Economy (MEF) in partnership with [[#R02002\|WCS]] Congo. The reserve employs 65 staff (2024 figure) (3 MEF, 62 [[#R02002\|WCS]]) in five departments: law enforcement, community development, research & monitoring, logistics, human resources & finance. Annual budget is 1,5 USD M (2024) (100% provided by [[#R02002\|WCS]]). Law enfocement team comprises 19 staff (2 MEF; 17 [[#R02002\|WCS]]). Law enforcement patrols are permanently deployed in the field (2024 figures: 71 patrols and 3,105 man-days of rangers in the field; 9 poachers arrested; 1,161 kg of bushmeat seized). Community-based conservation is constantly implemented, focusing on sustainable use of natural resources (fish), improving living conditions (school, health, etc.) and developing income generating activities (honey, cocoa). Research and ecological biomonitoring in place for several years focusing on large and medium sized mammals. Research and biomonitoring strategy currently being designed for the next 5 years (Brugiere pers. comm. 2025).


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	= Research activities =		= Research activities =

	WCS implements wildlife surveys every 5 years, in order to establish the densities of large and medium sized mammals, including great apes. Two PhD projects related to apes are ongoing i) spatial ecology of the gorillas (K. Meier/ Univ. Yale); ii) Inter group communication of gorillas (A. Michel/ Univ. Davies). One additional PhD study (Hunting patterns by local communities in the Reserve by B. Christin) and a Post Doctoral study (Material culture, nesting behaviour and tool use, of the RCLT chimpanzees by T. Romani) will start in 2025. <br>		[[#R02002\|WCS]] implements wildlife surveys every 5 years, in order to establish the densities of large and medium sized mammals, including great apes. Two PhD projects related to apes are ongoing i) spatial ecology of the gorillas (K. Meier/ Univ. Yale); ii) Inter group communication of gorillas (A. Michel/ Univ. Davies). One additional PhD study (Hunting patterns by local communities in the Reserve by B. Christin) and a Post Doctoral study (Material culture, nesting behaviour and tool use, of the RCLT chimpanzees by T. Romani) will start in 2025. <br>
	Between 2008 and 2010, the first in-depth studies on the feeding and nesting ecology of gorillas were carried out in the Lac Télé Community Reserve. [[#R00991\|Kalan (2008)]] conducted one of the earliest investigations focused on the diet and nest-building behavior of Western lowland gorillas (''Gorilla gorilla gorilla''). This research provided critical insight into the gorillas’ nesting habits and the types of vegetation they relied on for food. Building on these findings, [[#R00992\|Kalan et al. (2010)]] produced a preliminary report further exploring the feeding and nesting behavior of swamp-dwelling gorillas, highlighting the species’ remarkable ability to adapt to flooded environments. <br>		Between 2008 and 2010, the first in-depth studies on the feeding and nesting ecology of gorillas were carried out in the Lac Télé Community Reserve. [[#R00991\|Kalan (2008)]] conducted one of the earliest investigations focused on the diet and nest-building behavior of Western lowland gorillas (''Gorilla gorilla gorilla''). This research provided critical insight into the gorillas’ nesting habits and the types of vegetation they relied on for food. Building on these findings, [[#R00992\|Kalan et al. (2010)]] produced a preliminary report further exploring the feeding and nesting behavior of swamp-dwelling gorillas, highlighting the species’ remarkable ability to adapt to flooded environments. <br>
	After a decade-long pause, the study of great apes in the region experienced a renewed momentum between 2022 and 2024. [[#R00995\|Meier (2024)]] led a comprehensive field study on the ecology and conservation of great apes, addressing key themes such as habitat use, human-induced pressures, and the implementation of effective monitoring strategies. Around the same time, [[#R01002\|Redjali (2024)]] investigated how chimpanzees navigate and utilize space in a human-altered, seasonally flooded landscape. Her work emphasized the chimpanzees’ ecological flexibility and their capacity to adapt to disturbed habitats.		After a decade-long pause, the study of great apes in the region experienced a renewed momentum between 2022 and 2024. [[#R00995\|Meier (2024)]] led a comprehensive field study on the ecology and conservation of great apes, addressing key themes such as habitat use, human-induced pressures, and the implementation of effective monitoring strategies. Around the same time, [[#R01002\|Redjali (2024)]] investigated how chimpanzees navigate and utilize space in a human-altered, seasonally flooded landscape. Her work emphasized the chimpanzees’ ecological flexibility and their capacity to adapt to disturbed habitats.

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	\|[[#R00990\|Iyenguet et al. 2012]]		\|[[#R00990\|Iyenguet et al. 2012]]
	\|Decay rates of nests from Morgan et al. (2006). Too few chimpanzee nests to calculate density.		\|Decay rates of nests from Morgan et al. (2006). Too few chimpanzee nests to calculate density.
	\|COG0001, COG0004, COG0005		\|COG0001, COG0004<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="+1 more" data-collapsetext="less">COG0005</div>
	\|-		\|-
	\|''Gorilla gorilla gorilla''		\|''Gorilla gorilla gorilla''
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	\|[[#R00990\|Iyenguet et al. 2012]]		\|[[#R00990\|Iyenguet et al. 2012]]
	\|Decay rates of nests from Morgan et al. (2006).		\|Decay rates of nests from Morgan et al. (2006).
	\|COG0001, COG0004, COG0005		\|COG0001, COG0004<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="+1 more" data-collapsetext="less">COG0005</div>
	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes troglodytes''		\|''Pan troglodytes troglodytes''

WikiEdit at 20:28, 12 October 2026

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WikiEdit at 12:16, 3 September 2026

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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. ~~subm.~~ extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (~~see~~ Kiribou et al. ~~subm. for details~~).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Lac Télé Community Reserve'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Lac Télé Community Reserve'''

WikiEdit at 14:47, 1 September 2026

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WikiEdit at 14:37, 20 July 2026

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@@ Line 458: / Line 458: @@
 |Malanda et al. 2009
 |Too few chimpanzee nests to calculate density.
+|
 |}
@@ Line 904: / Line 982: @@
 Caillaud D. (2024) Etude de faisabilité du recensement des grands singes à l’aide d’un drone à aile fixe dans la Réserve Communautaire du Lac Télé. Rapport Université de Davis, USA. <br>
 Christin B. (2024) Densité de primates et chasse le long d’un écotone dans le nord de la République du Congo. Rapport Université de Davis, USA.<br>
-Estienne et al. (2025) 2022-2023 Large mammal survey of the Ndoki-Likouala landscape. WCS Internal report <br>
+Estienne et al. (2025) 2022-2023 Large mammal survey of the Ndoki-Likouala landscape. WCS Internal report. <br>
-Fay J.M., Agnagna M., Moore J. & Oko R. (1990) Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in the Likouala Swamp Forests of North Central Congo: Preliminary Data on Populations and Ecology.International Journal of Primatology. 10(5), 477–486. <br>
+Estienne V., Strindberg S., Maisels F. (2026) 2022-2023 Large mammal survey of the Ndoki-Likouala landscape: Camera Trap Distance Sampling Results. WCS Internal report. <br>
 Fay J.M. & Agnagna M. (1992) Census of Gorillas in northern Republic of Congo. Am. J. Primatol. 27, 275–284. <br>
 Iyenguet F.C., Madzoké B., Twagirashyaka F., Maisels F., Strindberg S., Bomomo V. & Elondza D.E. (2012) Final report to USFWS- Great Ape conservation and monitoring in the Lac Télé landscape. GACF Agreement: 96200-1-G196 <br>
@@ Line 931: / Line 1,010: @@
 '''Page created by: '''Toni Romani (WCS Research officer, Lac Tele Community Reserve), David Brugiere (WCS Project Director, Lac Tele Community Reserve) & Guido Trivellini''' Date:''' 2022-04-08
-'''Page updated by: '''Toni Romani, David Brugiere''' Date:''' 2025-05-28
+'''Page updated by: '''Toni Romani, David Brugiere''' Date:''' 2026-07-14

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WikiEdit at 09:29, 21 April 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 05:29, 21 April 2026
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	\|Ongoing (2022)		\|Ongoing (2022)
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~3 Engaged community~~		\|2 Resources and capacity
	\|3.~~1 General lack~~ of ~~community engagement or support~~		\|2.4 Lack of continuous/long-term funding
	\|Reserve annual activity reports		\|Reserve annual activity reports
	\|Ongoing (2025)		\|Ongoing (2025)
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|3 Engaged community
	\|~~Other (Basic services (education, health, justice, security, transport, etc~~.~~) not ensured by State local services. Pressures on Reserve to deliver basic services)~~		\|3.1 General lack of community engagement or support
	\|Reserve annual activity reports		\|Reserve annual activity reports
	\|Ongoing (2025)		\|Ongoing (2025)
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	\|Ongoing (2025)		\|Ongoing (2025)
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|5 Ecological context
	\|~~Other~~ (~~Reserve located in remote place making any field operation costly~~)		\|5.1 Ecological constraints (e.g., susceptibility to climate change, difficult terrain)
	\|Reserve annual activity reports		\|Reserve annual activity reports
	\|Ongoing (2025)		\|Ongoing (2025)
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~5 Ecological context~~		\|
	\|~~5.1 Ecological constraints~~ (e.g.~~, susceptibility~~ to ~~climate change, difficult terrain~~)		\|Other (Basic services (education, health, justice, security, transport, etc.) not ensured by State local services. Pressures on Reserve to deliver basic services)
	\|Reserve annual activity reports		\|Reserve annual activity reports
	\|Ongoing (2025)		\|Ongoing (2025)
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~2 Resources and capacity~~		\|
	\|~~2.4 Lack of continuous/long-term funding~~		\|Other (Reserve located in remote place making any field operation costly)
	\|Reserve annual activity reports		\|Reserve annual activity reports
	\|Ongoing (2025)		\|Ongoing (2025)