Lac Tumba landscape - Revision history

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	<span id="R01011"></span>Spécialist Group & Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature. 65 pp		<span id="R01011"></span>Spécialist Group & Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature. 65 pp

	<span id="R02238"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~1-19~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02238"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]



	'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2021-11-29		'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2021-11-29

WikiEdit at 14:34, 15 October 2026

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	<span id="R01011"></span>Spécialist Group & Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature. 65 pp		<span id="R01011"></span>Spécialist Group & Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature. 65 pp

	<span id="R02238"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~e0000345~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02238"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]



	'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2021-11-29		'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2021-11-29

WikiEdit at 20:28, 12 October 2026

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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. ~~subm.~~ extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (~~see~~ Kiribou et al. ~~subm. for details~~).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Lac Tumba landscape'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Lac Tumba landscape'''

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	= References =		= References =

	~~WWF (n~~.d.). ~~Lac~~ Tumba~~. Online~~: ~~https://www~~.~~wwfdrc~~.~~org/en/our_work/landscapes/lac_tumba_landscape/~~		Inogwabini, B. I., Matungila, B., Mbende, L., Abokome, M., & wa Tshimanga, T. (2007). Great apes in the Lake Tumba landscape, Democratic Republic of Congo: Newly described populations. Oryx, 41(4), 532–538. <br>

	~~Inogwabini, B~~. ~~I., Matungila, B., Mbende, L., Abokome, M., & wa Tshimanga, T~~. (~~2007~~). ~~Great apes in the Lake Tumba landscape~~, ~~Democratic Republic of Congo~~: ~~newly described populations~~. ~~Oryx, 41(4), 532-538~~.		IUCN & ICCN. (2012). Bonobo (Pan paniscus): Conservation strategy 2012–2022. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group & Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature. 65 pp. <br>

	~~IUCN & ICCN~~ (~~2012~~). ~~Bonobo (Pan paniscus)~~: ~~Conservation Strategy 2012–2022~~. ~~Gland, Switzerland: IUCN~~/~~SSC Primate~~		WWF. (n.d.). Lac Tumba. Online: https://www.wwfdrc.org/en/our_work/landscapes/lac_tumba_landscape/ <br>

	Spécialist Group & Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature. 65 pp		Spécialist Group & Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature. 65 pp <br>



	'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2021-11-29		'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2021-11-29

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	\|2005		\|2005
	\|		\|
	~~\|0.057~~
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	\|		\|0.27 (0.24-0.29)
	\|~~Bolombo~~-~~Losombo~~ (~~552~~ km²)		\|17 (15-19)
			\|Mbala-Donkese (160 km²)
	\|Line transects & recces		\|Line transects & recces
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	\|0.27 (0.24-0.29)		\|0.27 (0.24-0.29)
	\|17 (15-19)		\|198 (176-212)
	\|~~Mbala~~-~~Donkese~~ (~~160~~ km²)		\|Ngombe-Botuali (1,829 km²)
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	\|0.27 (0.24-0.29)		\|0.27 (0.24-0.29)
	\|~~198~~ (~~176~~-~~212~~)		\|103 (92-111)
	\|~~Ngombe~~-~~Botuali~~ (~~1,829~~ km²)		\|Botuali-Ilombe (955 km²)
	\|Line transects & recces		\|Line transects & recces
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	\|0.27 (0.24-0.29)		\|2.2 (1.8-3.4)
	\|~~103~~ (92-~~111~~)		\|2,297 (1,880-3,550)
	\|~~Botuali~~-~~Ilombe~~ (~~955~~ km²)		\|Malebo-Nguomi (1,993 km²)
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			\|0.057
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	\|~~2.2 (1.8-3.4)~~		\|
	~~\|2,297 (1,880-3,550)~~		\|Bolombo-Losombo (552 km²)
	\|~~Malebo~~-~~Nguomi~~ (~~1,993~~ km²)
	\|Line transects & recces		\|Line transects & recces
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	!Source		!Source
	!Year(s)		!Year(s)
			\|-
			\|3 Engaged community
			\|3.1 General lack of community engagement or support
			\|IUCN & ICCN 2012
			\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|4 Institutional support		\|4 Institutional support
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	\|4 Institutional support		\|4 Institutional support
	\|4.2 Lack of government support		\|4.2 Lack of government support
	~~\|IUCN & ICCN 2012~~
	\|
	\|-
	~~\|3 Engaged community~~
	~~\|3.1 General lack of community engagement or support~~
	\|IUCN & ICCN 2012		\|IUCN & ICCN 2012
	\|		\|

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	* Conservation activities are not documented.		* Conservation activities are not documented.
	* The site holds the world’s largest swamp forest, and the world’s second largest wetland area.		* The site holds the world’s largest swamp forest, and the world’s second largest wetland area.





	= Site characteristics =		= Site characteristics =

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	<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Lac_Tumba_landscape.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly ~~inLac~~ Tumba landscape]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Lac_Tumba_landscape.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly ~~inLac~~ Tumba landscape]] </li></ul></div>		<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Lac_Tumba_landscape.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly in Lac Tumba landscape]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Lac_Tumba_landscape.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly in Lac Tumba landscape]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =

WikiEdit at 06:51, 6 November 2025

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	* Conservation activities are not documented.		* Conservation activities are not documented.
	* The site holds the world’s largest swamp forest, and the world’s second largest wetland area.		* The site holds the world’s largest swamp forest, and the world’s second largest wetland area.



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	[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]		[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]

	= Ape status =		= Ape status =

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	[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]		[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]

	= Threats =		= Threats =

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	[[Threats]]		[[Threats]]

	= Conservation activities =		= Conservation activities =

	The landscape is a priority conservation landscape funded by the Central African Regional Programme for the Environment of the US Agency for International Development through the International Congo Basin Forest Partnership. The site was selected as a priority conservation site in 2000 (Inogwabini et al. 2007).		The landscape is a priority conservation landscape funded by the Central African Regional Programme for the Environment of the US Agency for International Development through the International Congo Basin Forest Partnership. The site was selected as a priority conservation site in 2000 (Inogwabini et al. 2007).


	= Challenges =		= Challenges =
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	[[Challenges]]		[[Challenges]]

	= Enablers =		= Enablers =

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	[[Enablers]]		[[Enablers]]

	= Research activities =		= Research activities =

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	[https://benthamopen.com/ABSTRACT/TOCONSBJ-3-14 Bonobo Food Items, Food Availability and Bonobo Distribution in the Lake Tumba Swampy Forests, Democratic Republic of Congo]		[https://benthamopen.com/ABSTRACT/TOCONSBJ-3-14 Bonobo Food Items, Food Availability and Bonobo Distribution in the Lake Tumba Swampy Forests, Democratic Republic of Congo]


	= Documented behaviours =		= Documented behaviours =
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	[[Behaviours]]		[[Behaviours]]

	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

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	\|}		\|}


			<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Lac_Tumba_landscape.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly inLac Tumba landscape]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Lac_Tumba_landscape.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly inLac Tumba landscape]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =