Loma Mountains National Park - Revision history

WikiEdit at 21:53, 15 October 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 17:53, 15 October 2026
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	<span id="R01086"></span>Kormos, R., Kormos, C. F., Humle, T., Lanjouw, A., Rainer, H., Victurine, R., …, & Williamson, E. A. (2014). Great Apes and Biodiversity Offset Projects in Africa: The Case for National Offset Strategies. ''PLoS ONE'', 9(11), 1-14. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111671 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111671]		<span id="R01086"></span>Kormos, R., Kormos, C. F., Humle, T., Lanjouw, A., Rainer, H., Victurine, R., …, & Williamson, E. A. (2014). Great Apes and Biodiversity Offset Projects in Africa: The Case for National Offset Strategies. ''PLoS ONE'', 9(11), 1-14. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111671 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111671]

	<span id="R02247"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~1-19~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02247"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

WikiEdit at 14:34, 15 October 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 10:34, 15 October 2026
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	<span id="R01085"></span>Molina‐Vacas, G., Muñoz‐Mas, R., Amarasekaran, B., & Garriga, R. M. (2023). Reaffirming the Loma Mountains National Park in Sierra Leone as a critical site for the conservation of West African chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus). ''American Journal of Primatology'', 85(4). [https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.23469 doi:10.1002/ajp.23469]		<span id="R01085"></span>Molina‐Vacas, G., Muñoz‐Mas, R., Amarasekaran, B., & Garriga, R. M. (2023). Reaffirming the Loma Mountains National Park in Sierra Leone as a critical site for the conservation of West African chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus). ''American Journal of Primatology'', 85(4). [https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.23469 doi:10.1002/ajp.23469]

	<span id="R01086"></span>Kormos, R., Kormos, C. F., Humle, T., Lanjouw, A., Rainer, H., Victurine, R., …, & Williamson, E. A. (2014). Great Apes and Biodiversity Offset Projects in Africa: The Case for National Offset Strategies. ''PLoS ONE'', 9(11), ~~e111671~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111671 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111671]		<span id="R01086"></span>Kormos, R., Kormos, C. F., Humle, T., Lanjouw, A., Rainer, H., Victurine, R., …, & Williamson, E. A. (2014). Great Apes and Biodiversity Offset Projects in Africa: The Case for National Offset Strategies. ''PLoS ONE'', 9(11), 1-14. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111671 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111671]

	<span id="R02247"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~e0000345~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02247"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

WikiEdit at 19:10, 14 October 2026

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	\|[[#R01078\|Brncic et al. 2010]]		\|[[#R01078\|Brncic et al. 2010]]
	\|Survey effort: 59.8 km		\|Survey effort: 59.8 km
	\|SLE0002, SLE0003, SLE0004, SLE0014, SLE0015, SLE0017, SLE0018, SLE0021, SLE0024, SLE0025, SLE0026, SLE0029, SLE0032, SLE0036, SLE0037		\|SLE0002, SLE0003<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="+13 more" data-collapsetext="less">SLE0004, SLE0014, SLE0015, SLE0017, SLE0018, SLE0021, SLE0024, SLE0025, SLE0026, SLE0029, SLE0032, SLE0036, SLE0037</div>
	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes verus''		\|''Pan troglodytes verus''
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	\|Kortenhoven 2008 as cited by [[#R01078\|Brncic et al. 2010]]		\|Kortenhoven 2008 as cited by [[#R01078\|Brncic et al. 2010]]
	\|		\|
	\|SLE0002, SLE0003, SLE0004, SLE0014, SLE0015, SLE0017, SLE0018, SLE0021, SLE0024, SLE0025, SLE0026, SLE0029, SLE0032, SLE0036, SLE0037		\|SLE0002, SLE0003<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="+13 more" data-collapsetext="less">SLE0004, SLE0014, SLE0015, SLE0017, SLE0018, SLE0021, SLE0024, SLE0025, SLE0026, SLE0029, SLE0032, SLE0036, SLE0037</div>
	\|}		\|}

WikiEdit at 20:29, 12 October 2026

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Show changes

WikiEdit at 12:17, 3 September 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 08:17, 3 September 2026
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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. ~~subm.~~ extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (~~see~~ Kiribou et al. ~~subm. for details~~).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Loma Mountains National Park'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Loma Mountains National Park'''
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	Forestry Division. 2012. Loma Mountains National Park: Preliminary Management Plan 2013-2017. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security, Sierra Leone <br>		Forestry Division. 2012. Loma Mountains National Park: Preliminary Management Plan 2013-2017. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security, Sierra Leone <br>

	Fofanah, M. (2024, November 4). As deforestation advances, conservationists mobilize to save Sierra Leone national park and its chimpanzees. Mongabay. https://news.mongabay.com/2024/11/as-deforestation-advances-conservationists-mobilize-to-save-sierra-leone-national-park-and-its-chimpanzees/ <br>		Fofanah, M. (2024, November 4). As deforestation advances, conservationists mobilize to save Sierra Leone national park and its chimpanzees. Mongabay. https://news.mongabay.com/2024/11/as-deforestation-advances-conservationists-mobilize-to-save-sierra-leone-national-park-and-its-chimpanzees/ <br>

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	Garriga, R. & Kanneh, A. (2022, October 20-21). Sierra Leone. Regional workshop on IUCN APES wiki, Monrovia, Liberia. <br>		Garriga, R. & Kanneh, A. (2022, October 20-21). Sierra Leone. Regional workshop on IUCN APES wiki, Monrovia, Liberia. <br>

	Molina-Vacas, G., Muñoz-Mas, R., Amarasekaran, B., & Garriga, R. M. (2023). Reaffirming the Loma Mountains National Park in Sierra Leone as a critical site for the conservation of West African chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus). American Journal of Primatology, 85, e23469. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.23469 <br>		Molina-Vacas, G., Muñoz-Mas, R., Amarasekaran, B., & Garriga, R. M. (2023). Reaffirming the Loma Mountains National Park in Sierra Leone as a critical site for the conservation of West African chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus). American Journal of Primatology, 85, e23469. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.23469 <br>

WikiEdit at 14:47, 1 September 2026

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 !Comments
 !A.P.E.S. database ID
 |-
 |''Pan troglodytes verus''
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 |Brncic et al. 2010
 |Survey effort: 59.8 km
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 |-

WikiEdit at 09:44, 14 July 2026

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 !Comments
 !A.P.E.S. database ID
 |-
 |''Pan troglodytes verus''
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 |Garriga 2019
 |35 transects were placed , but 34 transects were walked for a total of 66.08 km of survey effort
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 |}

WikiEdit at 09:30, 21 April 2026

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 !Source
 !Year(s)
 |-
 |2 Resources and capacity
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 |Fofanah 2024
 |Ongoing (2024)
 |-
 |4 Institutional support
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 |Garriga & Kanneh 2022, Marah, K. pers. comm. 2023, Fofanah 2024
 |2022-Ongoing (2024)
 |}

WikiEdit at 14:45, 25 March 2026

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	* Conservation activities include environmental education, anti-poaching patrols, and reforestation.		* Conservation activities include environmental education, anti-poaching patrols, and reforestation.
	* The status of the site was upgraded from non-hunting forest reserve to national park as part of a biodiversity offset for the Bumbuna hydroelectric dam.		* The status of the site was upgraded from non-hunting forest reserve to national park as part of a biodiversity offset for the Bumbuna hydroelectric dam.





	= Site characteristics =		= Site characteristics =
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	!Description		!Description
	!Year of threat		!Year of threat
	\|-
	~~\|7 Natural system modifications~~
	~~\|7.1 Fire & fire suppression~~
	~~\|Present (unknown severity)~~
	\|Fires to clear vegetation within and around the park sometimes extend beyond the intended field (Forestry Division 2012). Wildfire is also a common threat to the forest ecosystem. This is more frequent in the dry season, and the fire is mostly put on by the cattle herders for fresh and young nutritious grass for their cattle (Garriga & Kanneh 2022). Farmers clear forest due to lack of agricultural land and livelihood options (Fofanah 2024).
	~~\|2012-Ongoing (2024)~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|1 Residential & commercial development		\|1 Residential & commercial development
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	\|Ongoing (2012)		\|Ongoing (2012)
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~5 Biological resource use~~		\|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
	\|5.2 ~~Gathering terrestrial plants~~		\|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
	~~\|Present (unknown severity)~~
	~~\|The site is a source of medicinal plants, wild fruits, herbs, and building materials for local people (Forestry Division 2012)~~
	~~\|Ongoing (2012)~~
	\|-
	~~\|5 Biological resource use~~
	\|5.~~3 Logging~~ & ~~wood harvesting~~
	\|Low (up to 30% of population affected)		\|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
	\|~~Logging~~ for ~~subsistence~~ (Forestry Division 2012). ~~LMNP have lost over 6% of it's primary~~ forest ~~cover between 2002–2023; further loss into 2024~~ (~~Fofanah 2024~~).		\|Vegetation cleared for agriculture (Brncic et al. 2010, Forestry Division 2012). Farming along the park boundary and certain areas within the park exist, carried out by the forest edge community members (Garriga & Kanneh 2022).
	\|~~2002-~~Ongoing (~~2024~~)		\|Ongoing (2022)
	\|-		\|-
	\|2 Agriculture & aquaculture		\|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
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	\|2019-Ongoing (2024)		\|2019-Ongoing (2024)
	\|-		\|-
	\|2 ~~Agriculture & aquaculture~~		\|5 Biological resource use
	\|2.~~1 Annual~~ & ~~perennial non-timber crops~~		\|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
			\|Present (unknown severity)
			\|The site is a source of medicinal plants, wild fruits, herbs, and building materials for local people (Forestry Division 2012)
			\|Ongoing (2012)
			\|-
			\|5 Biological resource use
			\|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
	\|Low (up to 30% of population affected)		\|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
	\|~~Vegetation cleared~~ for ~~agriculture~~ (~~Brncic et al~~. ~~2010,~~ Forestry Division 2012). ~~Farming along~~ the ~~park boundary~~ and ~~certain areas within~~ the ~~park exist, carried out~~ by the ~~forest edge community members~~ (Garriga & Kanneh 2022).		\|Logging for subsistence (Forestry Division 2012). LMNP have lost over 6% of it's primary forest cover between 2002–2023; further loss into 2024 (Fofanah 2024).
	\|Ongoing (~~2022~~)		\|2002-Ongoing (2024)
			\|-
			\|7 Natural system modifications
			\|7.1 Fire & fire suppression
			\|Present (unknown severity)
			\|Fires to clear vegetation within and around the park sometimes extend beyond the intended field (Forestry Division 2012). Wildfire is also a common threat to the forest ecosystem. This is more frequent in the dry season, and the fire is mostly put on by the cattle herders for fresh and young nutritious grass for their cattle (Garriga & Kanneh 2022). Farmers clear forest due to lack of agricultural land and livelihood options (Fofanah 2024).
			\|2012-Ongoing (2024)
	\|}		\|}

WikiEdit at 07:28, 4 February 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 03:28, 4 February 2026
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	\|The site is designated as national park since 2012 (Forestry Division 2012)		\|The site is designated as national park since 2012 (Forestry Division 2012)
	\|		\|
	\|2012-Ongoing (~~2025~~)		\|2012-Ongoing (2026)
	\|-		\|-
	\|5 Protection & restoration		\|5 Protection & restoration