Luki Biosphere Reserve - Revision history

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	<span id="R01134"></span>WWF DRC. (n.d.). The saving of the Luki Biosphere Reserve with WWF support. https://www.wwfdrc.org/en/?25602/The-saving-of-the-Luki-Biosphere-Reserve-with-WWF-support		<span id="R01134"></span>WWF DRC. (n.d.). The saving of the Luki Biosphere Reserve with WWF support. https://www.wwfdrc.org/en/?25602/The-saving-of-the-Luki-Biosphere-Reserve-with-WWF-support

	<span id="R02252"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~1-19~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02252"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

WikiEdit at 14:34, 15 October 2026

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	<span id="R01134"></span>WWF DRC. (n.d.). The saving of the Luki Biosphere Reserve with WWF support. https://www.wwfdrc.org/en/?25602/The-saving-of-the-Luki-Biosphere-Reserve-with-WWF-support		<span id="R01134"></span>WWF DRC. (n.d.). The saving of the Luki Biosphere Reserve with WWF support. https://www.wwfdrc.org/en/?25602/The-saving-of-the-Luki-Biosphere-Reserve-with-WWF-support

	<span id="R02252"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~e0000345~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02252"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

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	\|4 Education & awareness		\|4 Education & awareness
	\|4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use		\|4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use
	\|Educate local communities and students about biodiversity conservation, reforestation, and sustainable resource use through workshops, school programs, and community outreach ([~~https://www.eraift-rdc.org/en/recherche/reserve-de-biosphere-de-luki~~ ERAIFT n.d.]).		\|Educate local communities and students about biodiversity conservation, reforestation, and sustainable resource use through workshops, school programs, and community outreach ([[#R01130\|ERAIFT n.d.]]).
	\|ERAIFT, WWF-DRC		\|ERAIFT, WWF-DRC
	\|Ongoing (2019)		\|Ongoing (2019)
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	\|4 Education & awareness		\|4 Education & awareness
	\|4.2 Involve local community in ape research and conservation management		\|4.2 Involve local community in ape research and conservation management
	\|The Luki Biosphere Reserve is managed by a Steering Committee comprising INERA (Ministry of Scientific Research and Technological Innovation), the MAB program (MEDD), representatives of traditional chiefs, the provincial administration, and local civil society ([~~https://www.eraift-rdc.org/en/recherche/reserve-de-biosphere-de-luki~~ ERAIFT n.d.]).		\|The Luki Biosphere Reserve is managed by a Steering Committee comprising INERA (Ministry of Scientific Research and Technological Innovation), the MAB program (MEDD), representatives of traditional chiefs, the provincial administration, and local civil society ([[#R01130\|ERAIFT n.d.]]).
	\|		\|
	\|Ongoing (2019)		\|Ongoing (2019)
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	\|8 Permanent presence		\|8 Permanent presence
	\|8.1 Run research project and ensure permanent human presence at site		\|8.1 Run research project and ensure permanent human presence at site
	\|In synergy with WWF, ERAIFT is enhancing research infrastructure—including a library, laboratories, and herbarium—while ensuring free access to Congolese and international researchers, and conducting studies in the Luki Biosphere Reserve on land tenure systems, non-timber forest products, forest regeneration, biodiversity (including chimpanzees), agroecological practices, bushfire monitoring, and forest carbon, with all findings made available to benefit local communities ([~~https://www.eraift-rdc.org/en/recherche/reserve-de-biosphere-de-luki~~ ERAIFT n.d.]).		\|In synergy with WWF, ERAIFT is enhancing research infrastructure—including a library, laboratories, and herbarium—while ensuring free access to Congolese and international researchers, and conducting studies in the Luki Biosphere Reserve on land tenure systems, non-timber forest products, forest regeneration, biodiversity (including chimpanzees), agroecological practices, bushfire monitoring, and forest carbon, with all findings made available to benefit local communities ([[#R01130\|ERAIFT n.d.]]).
	\|		\|
	\|Ongoing (2019)		\|Ongoing (2019)
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	\|8 Permanent presence		\|8 Permanent presence
	\|8.2 Run tourist projects and ensure permanent human presence at site		\|8.2 Run tourist projects and ensure permanent human presence at site
	\|This initiative focuses on expanding and enhancing the ecotourism offerings of the reserve. In collaboration with WWF, ERAIFT trains ecotourism guides, identifies and maps the area's ecotourism potential, enhances visitor facilities, and helps tailor ecotourism activities to improve the overall experience ([~~https://www.eraift-rdc.org/en/recherche/reserve-de-biosphere-de-luki~~ ERAIFT n.d.]).		\|This initiative focuses on expanding and enhancing the ecotourism offerings of the reserve. In collaboration with WWF, ERAIFT trains ecotourism guides, identifies and maps the area's ecotourism potential, enhances visitor facilities, and helps tailor ecotourism activities to improve the overall experience ([[#R01130\|ERAIFT n.d.]]).
	\|		\|
	\|Ongoing (2019)		\|Ongoing (2019)

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	\|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals		\|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
	\|High (more than 70% of population affected)		\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
	\|Commercial and subsistence hunting is one of the main activities carried out by the local population (Nyange 2014; Ngabinzeke & Tongo 2019) and extends into the core zone of the reserve, which is in principle strictly off-limits to human activity (Djami et al. 2023).		\|Commercial and subsistence hunting is one of the main activities carried out by the local population ([[#R01133\|Nyange 2014]]; Ngabinzeke & Tongo 2019) and extends into the core zone of the reserve, which is in principle strictly off-limits to human activity ([[#R01129\|Djami et al. 2023]]).
	\|2014-Ongoing (2023)		\|2014-Ongoing (2023)
	\|-		\|-
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	\|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting		\|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
	\|Medium (30-70% of population affected)		\|Medium (30-70% of population affected)
	\|A briefing highlights the rapid deforestation driven by the charcoal trade, illegal logging, and the bushmeat trade, which fuels large-scale poaching (Kabemba 2024). Data from the Global Forest Watch indicates that the Luki Biosphere Reserve has lost 42% of its forest cover between 2001 and 2022, amounting to over 2,434 hectares. The peak of this deforestation occurred in 2014 (Kabemba 2024).		\|A briefing highlights the rapid deforestation driven by the charcoal trade, illegal logging, and the bushmeat trade, which fuels large-scale poaching ([[#R01132\|Kabemba 2024]]). Data from the Global Forest Watch indicates that the Luki Biosphere Reserve has lost 42% of its forest cover between 2001 and 2022, amounting to over 2,434 hectares. The peak of this deforestation occurred in 2014 ([[#R01132\|Kabemba 2024]]).
	\|2001-Ongoing (2024)		\|2001-Ongoing (2024)
	\|-		\|-
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	\|7.1 Fire & fire suppression		\|7.1 Fire & fire suppression
	\|Low (up to 30% of population affected)		\|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
	\|The vicinities of the reserve are dominated by savannas, which are regularly set on fire by local populations (Cizungu et al. 2021). Totally, 4,602 fires were recorded in and around the site from 2001 to 2019 (Cizungu et al. 2021).		\|The vicinities of the reserve are dominated by savannas, which are regularly set on fire by local populations ([[#R01128\|Cizungu et al. 2021]]). Totally, 4,602 fires were recorded in and around the site from 2001 to 2019 ([[#R01128\|Cizungu et al. 2021]]).
	\|2001-Ongoing (2021)		\|2001-Ongoing (2021)
	\|}		\|}
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	\|2 Counter-wildlife crime		\|2 Counter-wildlife crime
	\|2.3 Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols		\|2.3 Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols
	\|Includes tracking of animal populations and implementing measures to prevent poaching, particularly of protected species (Nyange 2014).		\|Includes tracking of animal populations and implementing measures to prevent poaching, particularly of protected species ([[#R01133\|Nyange 2014]]).
	\|WWF-DRC, INERA, local authorities		\|WWF-DRC, INERA, local authorities
	\|Ongoing (2004)		\|Ongoing (2004)
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	\|7 Economic & other incentives		\|7 Economic & other incentives
	\|7.2 Provide non-monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g., better education, infrastructure development)		\|7.2 Provide non-monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g., better education, infrastructure development)
	\|Promote sustainable agricultural practices, reforestation, and income-generating alternatives to reduce dependency on forest exploitation (IUCN 2013; [https://www.wwfdrc.org/en/?25602/The-saving-of-the-Luki-Biosphere-Reserve-with-WWF-support WWF n.d.)		\|Promote sustainable agricultural practices, reforestation, and income-generating alternatives to reduce dependency on forest exploitation ([[#R01131\|IUCN 2013]]; [https://www.wwfdrc.org/en/?25602/The-saving-of-the-Luki-Biosphere-Reserve-with-WWF-support WWF n.d.)
	\|ERAIFT (RDC), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech ULiège (Belgique), Institut National pour l’Étude et la Recherche Agronomiques (INERA) -RDC, WWF-DRC		\|ERAIFT (RDC), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech ULiège (Belgique), Institut National pour l’Étude et la Recherche Agronomiques (INERA) -RDC, WWF-DRC
	\|2004-2018		\|2004-2018
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	\|2 Resources and capacity		\|2 Resources and capacity
	\|2.1 Lack of capacity/training		\|2.1 Lack of capacity/training
	\|Nyange 2014		\|[[#R01133\|Nyange 2014]]
	\|Ongoing (2014)		\|Ongoing (2014)
	\|-		\|-
	\|2 Resources and capacity		\|2 Resources and capacity
	\|2.2 Lack of staff		\|2.2 Lack of staff
	\|Nyange 2014		\|[[#R01133\|Nyange 2014]]
	\|Ongoing (2014)		\|Ongoing (2014)
	\|-		\|-
	\|4 Institutional support		\|4 Institutional support
	\|4.1 Lack of law enforcement		\|4.1 Lack of law enforcement
	\|Nyange 2014		\|[[#R01133\|Nyange 2014]]
	\|Ongoing (2014)		\|Ongoing (2014)
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\|Other (The lack of a legal and institutional framework for management)		\|Other (The lack of a legal and institutional framework for management)
	\|Nyange 2014		\|[[#R01133\|Nyange 2014]]
	\|2001-2014		\|2001-2014
	\|}		\|}
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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, [[#R02252\|Kiribou et al. (2024)]] extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated ([[#R02252\|Kiribou et al. 2024]]).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Luki Biosphere Reserve'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Luki Biosphere Reserve'''
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	= References =		= References =

	Cizungu, N. C., Tshibasu, E., Lutete, E., Mushagalusa, C. A., Mugumaarhahama, Y., Ganza, D., ~~...~~ & Bogaert, J. (2021). Fire risk assessment, spatiotemporal clustering and hotspot analysis in the Luki ~~Biosphere Reserve~~ region, western DR Congo. Trees, Forests and People, 5, 100104. ~~<br>~~		<span id="R01128"></span>Cizungu, N. C., Tshibasu, E., Lutete, E., Mushagalusa, C. A., Mugumaarhahama, Y., Ganza, D., …, & Bogaert, J. (2021). Fire risk assessment, spatiotemporal clustering and hotspot analysis in the Luki biosphere reserve region, western DR Congo. ''Trees, Forests and People'', 5, 100104. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2021.100104 doi:10.1016/j.tfp.2021.100104]

	Djami, Y. K., Fonteyn, D., Ngabinzeke, J. S., Meeys, M. N., Poulain, F., Tipi, E. L., & Vermeulen, C. (2023). État des populations des mammifères terrestres dans la Réserve de Biosphère de Luki (République démocratique du Congo). ~~<br>~~		<span id="R01129"></span>Djami, Y. K., Fonteyn, D., Ngabinzeke, J. S., Meeys, M. N., Poulain, F., Tipi, E. L., & Vermeulen, C. (2023). État des populations des mammifères terrestres dans la Réserve de Biosphère de Luki (République démocratique du Congo). ''BASE''. [https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.20430 doi:10.25518/1780-4507.20430]

	ERAIFT. (n.d.). Réserve de biosphère de Luki. Retrieved November 27, 2024, from https://www.eraift-rdc.org/en/recherche/reserve-de-biosphere-de-luki ~~<br>~~		<span id="R01130"></span>ERAIFT. (n.d.). Réserve de biosphère de Luki. Retrieved November 27, 2024, from https://www.eraift-rdc.org/en/recherche/reserve-de-biosphere-de-luki

	International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). (2013). Mayombe Forest Transboundary Protected Area – Strategic Plan (5 years). https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2013-029-En.pdf ~~<br>~~		<span id="R01131"></span>International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) (2013). Mayombe Forest Transboundary Protected Area – Strategic Plan (5 years). IUCN. [https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2013-029-En.pdf link]

	Kabemba, S.-G. (2024, August). La disparition de la réserve de biosphère de Luki en RDC: Une menace pour les chimpanzés à face blanche. Retrieved November 26, 2024, from https://fr.mongabay.com/2024/08/la-disparition-de-la-reserve-de-biosphere-de-luki-en-rdc-une-menace-pour-les-chimpanzes-a-face-blanche/ ~~<br>~~		<span id="R01132"></span>Kabemba, S.-G. (2024, August). La disparition de la réserve de biosphère de Luki en RDC: Une menace pour les chimpanzés à face blanche. Retrieved November 26, 2024, from https://fr.mongabay.com/2024/08/la-disparition-de-la-reserve-de-biosphere-de-luki-en-rdc-une-menace-pour-les-chimpanzes-a-face-blanche/

	Nyange, N. M. (2014). Participation des communautés locales et gestion durable des forêts: Cas de la réserve de la biosphère de Luki en République Démocratique du Congo. ~~<br>~~		<span id="R01133"></span>Nyange, N. M. (2014). Participation des communautés locales et gestion durable des forêts: Cas de la réserve de la biosphère de Luki en République Démocratique du Congo.

	WWF DRC. (n.d.). The saving of the Luki Biosphere Reserve with WWF support. https://www.wwfdrc.org/en/?25602/The-saving-of-the-Luki-Biosphere-Reserve-with-WWF-support <br>		<span id="R01134"></span>WWF DRC. (n.d.). The saving of the Luki Biosphere Reserve with WWF support. https://www.wwfdrc.org/en/?25602/The-saving-of-the-Luki-Biosphere-Reserve-with-WWF-support

			<span id="R02252"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

WikiEdit at 12:17, 3 September 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 08:17, 3 September 2026
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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. ~~subm.~~ extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (~~see~~ Kiribou et al. ~~subm. for details~~).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Luki Biosphere Reserve'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Luki Biosphere Reserve'''

WikiEdit at 14:47, 1 September 2026

2026-09-01T14:47:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:47, 1 September 2026
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	= References =		= References =

	Cizungu, N. C., Tshibasu, E., Lutete, E., Mushagalusa, C. A., Mugumaarhahama, Y., Ganza, D., ... & Bogaert, J. (2021). Fire risk assessment, spatiotemporal clustering and hotspot analysis in the Luki ~~biosphere reserve~~ region, western DR Congo. Trees, Forests and People, 5, 100104. <br>		Cizungu, N. C., Tshibasu, E., Lutete, E., Mushagalusa, C. A., Mugumaarhahama, Y., Ganza, D., ... & Bogaert, J. (2021). Fire risk assessment, spatiotemporal clustering and hotspot analysis in the Luki Biosphere Reserve region, western DR Congo. Trees, Forests and People, 5, 100104. <br>
	Djami, Y. K., Fonteyn, D., Ngabinzeke, J. S., Meeys, M. N., Poulain, F., Tipi, E. L., & Vermeulen, C. (2023). État des populations des mammifères terrestres dans la Réserve de Biosphère de Luki (République démocratique du Congo). <br>
			Djami, Y. K., Fonteyn, D., Ngabinzeke, J. S., Meeys, M. N., Poulain, F., Tipi, E. L., & Vermeulen, C. (2023). État des populations des mammifères terrestres dans la Réserve de Biosphère de Luki (République démocratique du Congo). <br>

	ERAIFT. (n.d.). Réserve de biosphère de Luki. Retrieved November 27, 2024, from https://www.eraift-rdc.org/en/recherche/reserve-de-biosphere-de-luki <br>		ERAIFT. (n.d.). Réserve de biosphère de Luki. Retrieved November 27, 2024, from https://www.eraift-rdc.org/en/recherche/reserve-de-biosphere-de-luki <br>

	International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). (2013). Mayombe Forest Transboundary Protected Area – Strategic Plan (5 years). https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2013-029-En.pdf <br>		International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). (2013). Mayombe Forest Transboundary Protected Area – Strategic Plan (5 years). https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2013-029-En.pdf <br>
	Kabemba, ~~Sylvain~~-~~Gauthier~~. (2024, August). La disparition de la réserve de biosphère de Luki en RDC: Une menace pour les chimpanzés à face blanche. Retrieved November 26, 2024, from https://fr.mongabay.com/2024/08/la-disparition-de-la-reserve-de-biosphere-de-luki-en-rdc-une-menace-pour-les-chimpanzes-a-face-blanche/ <br>
			Kabemba, S.-G. (2024, August). La disparition de la réserve de biosphère de Luki en RDC: Une menace pour les chimpanzés à face blanche. Retrieved November 26, 2024, from https://fr.mongabay.com/2024/08/la-disparition-de-la-reserve-de-biosphere-de-luki-en-rdc-une-menace-pour-les-chimpanzes-a-face-blanche/ <br>

	Nyange, N. M. (2014). Participation des communautés locales et gestion durable des forêts: Cas de la réserve de la biosphère de Luki en République Démocratique du Congo. <br>		Nyange, N. M. (2014). Participation des communautés locales et gestion durable des forêts: Cas de la réserve de la biosphère de Luki en République Démocratique du Congo. <br>
	~~WWF DRC. (n.d.). The saving of the Luki Biosphere Reserve with WWF support. https://www.wwfdrc.org/en/?25602/The-saving-of-the-Luki-Biosphere-Reserve-with-WWF-support <br>~~

			WWF DRC. (n.d.). The saving of the Luki Biosphere Reserve with WWF support. https://www.wwfdrc.org/en/?25602/The-saving-of-the-Luki-Biosphere-Reserve-with-WWF-support <br>

WikiEdit at 09:23, 21 April 2026

2026-04-21T09:23:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:23, 21 April 2026
Line 186:		Line 186:
	!Year(s)		!Year(s)
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|1 Site management
	\|~~Other (The lack of a legal and institutional framework~~ for ~~management)~~		\|1.2 Need for improved coordination
	\|~~Nyange 2014~~		\|[https://www.eraift-rdc.org/en/recherche/reserve-de-biosphere-de-luki ERAIFT]
	\|~~2001-~~2014		\|Ongoing (2014)
	\|-		\|-
	\|2 Resources and capacity		\|2 Resources and capacity
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	\|Ongoing (2014)		\|Ongoing (2014)
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~1 Site management~~		\|
	\|~~1.2 Need~~ for ~~improved coordination~~		\|Other (The lack of a legal and institutional framework for management)
	\|~~[https://www.eraift-rdc.org/en/recherche/reserve-de-biosphere-de-luki ERAIFT]~~		\|Nyange 2014
	\|~~Ongoing (~~2014)		\|2001-2014
	\|}		\|}

WikiEdit at 14:46, 25 March 2026

2026-03-25T14:46:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:46, 25 March 2026
Line 10:		Line 10:
	* The population size is unknown.		* The population size is unknown.
	* The population trend is unknown.		* The population trend is unknown.






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	!Year of threat		!Year of threat
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~7 Natural system modifications~~		\|5 Biological resource use
	\|7.1 ~~Fire~~ & ~~fire suppression~~		\|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
	\|~~Low~~ (~~up to 30~~% of population affected)		\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
	\|~~The vicinities~~ of the ~~reserve are dominated by savannas, which are regularly set on fire~~ by local ~~populations~~ (~~Cizungu et al. 2021~~)~~. Totally~~, ~~4,602 fires were recorded~~ in ~~and around the site from 2001~~ to ~~2019~~ (~~Cizungu~~ et al. ~~2021~~).		\|Commercial and subsistence hunting is one of the main activities carried out by the local population (Nyange 2014; Ngabinzeke & Tongo 2019) and extends into the core zone of the reserve, which is in principle strictly off-limits to human activity (Djami et al. 2023).
	\|~~2001~~-Ongoing (~~2021~~)		\|2014-Ongoing (2023)
	\|-		\|-
	\|5 Biological resource use		\|5 Biological resource use
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	\|2001-Ongoing (2024)		\|2001-Ongoing (2024)
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~5 Biological resource use~~		\|7 Natural system modifications
	\|5.1 ~~Hunting~~ & ~~collecting terrestrial animals~~		\|7.1 Fire & fire suppression
	\|~~High~~ (~~more than 70~~% of population affected)		\|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
	\|~~Commercial and subsistence hunting is one~~ of the ~~main activities carried out~~ by ~~the~~ local ~~population~~ (~~Nyange 2014; Ngabinzeke & Tongo 2019~~) and ~~extends into the core zone of~~ the ~~reserve, which is in principle strictly off-limits~~ to ~~human activity~~ (~~Djami~~ et al. ~~2023~~).		\|The vicinities of the reserve are dominated by savannas, which are regularly set on fire by local populations (Cizungu et al. 2021). Totally, 4,602 fires were recorded in and around the site from 2001 to 2019 (Cizungu et al. 2021).
	\|~~2014~~-Ongoing (~~2023~~)		\|2001-Ongoing (2021)
	\|}		\|}

WikiEdit at 07:28, 4 February 2026

2026-02-04T07:28:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:28, 4 February 2026
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	\|Officially designated as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1979. Prior to this, it was established as a forest research station in 1937.		\|Officially designated as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1979. Prior to this, it was established as a forest research station in 1937.
	\|		\|
	\|1979-Ongoing (~~2025~~)		\|1979-Ongoing (2026)
	\|-		\|-
	\|7 Economic & other incentives		\|7 Economic & other incentives

WikiEdit at 14:30, 23 December 2025

2025-12-23T14:30:12Z

@@ Line 127: / Line 127: @@
 !Implementing organization(s)
 !Year of activity
 |-
 |2 Counter-wildlife crime
@@ Line 163: / Line 145: @@
+|
 |Ongoing (2019)
 |-
 |8 Permanent presence