Maramagambo Central Forest - Revision history

WikiEdit at 20:29, 12 October 2026

2026-10-12T20:29:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:29, 12 October 2026
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	= Site characteristics =		= Site characteristics =

	Maramagambo Forest is the largest central forest reserve located in in Bushenyi District, Western Uganda. It encompasses an area of 443 sq. km, contagious with Kalinzu Central Forest (Hashimoto, 1998). The forest is under dual management by the National Forest Authority as a Central Forest Reserve, and Uganda Wildlife Authority as part of the Queen Elizabeth Coservation Area (NFA, 2023). The forest is an important catchment area for lake Nyamusingiri, Kibona wetland, and rivers Nchwera, Sherere, Rwampunu, Keizi that drain into Lake Edward (NFA, 2023).		Maramagambo Forest is the largest central forest reserve located in in Bushenyi District, Western Uganda. It encompasses an area of 443 sq. km, contagious with Kalinzu Central Forest (Hashimoto, 1998). The forest is under dual management by the National Forest Authority as a Central Forest Reserve, and Uganda Wildlife Authority as part of the Queen Elizabeth Coservation Area ([[#R01179\|NFA, 2023]]). The forest is an important catchment area for lake Nyamusingiri, Kibona wetland, and rivers Nchwera, Sherere, Rwampunu, Keizi that drain into Lake Edward ([[#R01179\|NFA, 2023]]).

	'''Table 1. Basic site information for Maramagambo Central Forest'''		'''Table 1. Basic site information for Maramagambo Central Forest'''
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	\|Line transects & recces		\|Line transects & recces
	\|Distance sampling (decay time unknown)		\|Distance sampling (decay time unknown)
	\|Plumptre, Cox & Mugume 2003		\|[[#R02078\|Plumptre, Cox & Mugume 2003]]
	\|A marked nest count method was used to obtain nest density estimates, nest density was converted to chimpanzee density.		\|A marked nest count method was used to obtain nest density estimates, nest density was converted to chimpanzee density.
	\|		\|
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	\|2.1.2 Small-holder farming		\|2.1.2 Small-holder farming
	\|High (more than 70% of population affected)		\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
	\|Encroachment on forest for agriculture (USAID 2015; Kamugisha-Ruhombe 2007).		\|Encroachment on forest for agriculture ([[#R01182\|USAID 2015]]; [[#R01178\|Kamugisha-Ruhombe 2007]]).
	\|2007-Ongoing (2015)		\|2007-Ongoing (2015)
	\|-		\|-
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	\|5.1.2 Unintentional effects		\|5.1.2 Unintentional effects
	\|High (more than 70% of population affected)		\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
	\|Hunting using dogs, nets, spears and mostly snares (USAID 2015; Kamugisha-Ruhombe 2007).		\|Hunting using dogs, nets, spears and mostly snares ([[#R01182\|USAID 2015]]; [[#R01178\|Kamugisha-Ruhombe 2007]]).
	\|2007-Ongoing (2015)		\|2007-Ongoing (2015)
	\|-		\|-
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	\|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants		\|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
	\|Low (up to 30% of population affected)		\|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
	\|Collection of NTFPs for medicine, bush ropes and poles for construction (USAID 2015; Kamugisha-Ruhombe 2007).		\|Collection of NTFPs for medicine, bush ropes and poles for construction ([[#R01182\|USAID 2015]]; [[#R01178\|Kamugisha-Ruhombe 2007]]).
	\|2007-Ongoing (2015)		\|2007-Ongoing (2015)
	\|-		\|-
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	\|5.3.1 Subsistence logging		\|5.3.1 Subsistence logging
	\|Medium (30-70% of population affected)		\|Medium (30-70% of population affected)
	\|For firewood, used at household level (USAID 2015; Kamugisha-Ruhombe 2007).		\|For firewood, used at household level ([[#R01182\|USAID 2015]]; [[#R01178\|Kamugisha-Ruhombe 2007]]).
	\|2007-Ongoing (2015)		\|2007-Ongoing (2015)
	\|-		\|-
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	\|5.3.2 Commercial logging		\|5.3.2 Commercial logging
	\|High (more than 70% of population affected)		\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
	\|Illegal pitsawing for timber sales and charcoal burning (USAID 2015; Kamugisha-Ruhombe 2007).		\|Illegal pitsawing for timber sales and charcoal burning ([[#R01182\|USAID 2015]]; [[#R01178\|Kamugisha-Ruhombe 2007]]).
	\|2007-Ongoing (2015)		\|2007-Ongoing (2015)
	\|}		\|}
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	\|2 Counter-wildlife crime		\|2 Counter-wildlife crime
	\|2.13 Provide sustainable alternative livelihoods; establish fish- or domestic meat farms		\|2.13 Provide sustainable alternative livelihoods; establish fish- or domestic meat farms
	\|Through Investing in Forests and Protected Areas for Climate Smart Development (IFPA-CD) Project (Castren 2023).		\|Through Investing in Forests and Protected Areas for Climate Smart Development (IFPA-CD) Project ([[#R01176\|Castren 2023]]).
	\|World Bank, Ministry of Water and Evironment (MWE), Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities (MTWA), Uganda Widlife Authority (UWA), National Forestry Authority (NFA)		\|World Bank, Ministry of Water and Evironment (MWE), Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities (MTWA), Uganda Widlife Authority (UWA), National Forestry Authority (NFA)
	\|2021-Ongoing (2023)		\|2021-Ongoing (2023)
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	\|5 Protection & restoration		\|5 Protection & restoration
	\|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat		\|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
	\|Part of the Queen Elizabeth Conservation Area and recognized as a Central Forest Resreve (NFA 2023).		\|Part of the Queen Elizabeth Conservation Area and recognized as a Central Forest Resreve ([[#R01179\|NFA 2023]]).
	\|Uganda Wildlife Authority and National Forest Authority		\|Uganda Wildlife Authority and National Forest Authority
	\|1952-Ongoing (2024)		\|1952-Ongoing (2024)
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	\|5 Protection & restoration		\|5 Protection & restoration
	\|5.6 Habitat restoration		\|5.6 Habitat restoration
	\|UWA agreed to plant savanna figs in Queen Elizabeth in order to restore a corridor between Kyambura Gorge and Maramagambo forest so as chimpanzees are able to move across habitats (UWA 2012).		\|UWA agreed to plant savanna figs in Queen Elizabeth in order to restore a corridor between Kyambura Gorge and Maramagambo forest so as chimpanzees are able to move across habitats ([[#R01181\|UWA 2012]]).
	\|Uganda Wildlife Authority		\|Uganda Wildlife Authority
	\|Ongoing (2012)		\|Ongoing (2012)
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	\|7 Economic & other incentives		\|7 Economic & other incentives
	\|7.1 Provide monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g., REDD, alternative income, employment)		\|7.1 Provide monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g., REDD, alternative income, employment)
	\|Through Investing in Forests and Protected Areas for Climate Smart Development (IFPA-CD) Project (Castren 2023).		\|Through Investing in Forests and Protected Areas for Climate Smart Development (IFPA-CD) Project ([[#R01176\|Castren 2023]]).
	\|World Bank, Ministry of Water and Evironment (MWE), Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities (MTWA), Uganda Widlife Authority (UWA), National Forestry Authority (NFA)		\|World Bank, Ministry of Water and Evironment (MWE), Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities (MTWA), Uganda Widlife Authority (UWA), National Forestry Authority (NFA)
	\|2021-Ongoing (2023)		\|2021-Ongoing (2023)
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	\|8 Permanent presence		\|8 Permanent presence
	\|8.2 Run tourist projects and ensure permanent human presence at site		\|8.2 Run tourist projects and ensure permanent human presence at site
	\|Eco-tourism is ongoing particularly in the northern part of the reserve e.g. Nyamusingiri ecotourism site (UWA 2012, NFA 2023).		\|Eco-tourism is ongoing particularly in the northern part of the reserve e.g. Nyamusingiri ecotourism site ([[#R01181\|UWA 2012]], [[#R01179\|NFA 2023]]).
	\|Uganda Wildlife Authority		\|Uganda Wildlife Authority
	\|2012-Ongoing (2023)		\|2012-Ongoing (2023)
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	= References =		= References =

	Castren, T. (2023). Uganda-Investment in forests and protected areas for climate-smart development project. ~~<br>~~		<span id="R01176"></span>Castren, T. (2023). Uganda-Investment in forests and protected areas for climate-smart development project.

	Gumisiriza, H., Birungi, G., Olet, E. A., & Sesaazi, C. D. (2019). Medicinal plant species used by local communities around Queen Elizabeth National Park, Maramagambo Central Forest Reserve and Ihimbo Central Forest Reserve, ~~southwestern~~ Uganda. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 239, 111926. ~~<br>~~		<span id="R01177"></span>Gumisiriza, H., Birungi, G., Olet, E. A., & Sesaazi, C. D. (2019). Medicinal plant species used by local communities around Queen Elizabeth National Park, Maramagambo Central Forest Reserve and Ihimbo Central Forest Reserve, South western Uganda. ''Journal of Ethnopharmacology'', 239, 111926. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.111926 doi:10.1016/j.jep.2019.111926]

	Kamugisha-Ruhombe, J. (2007). Forest law enforcement and governance Uganda country assessment and issues paper. Afornet. ~~<br>~~		<span id="R01178"></span>Kamugisha-Ruhombe, J. (2007). Forest law enforcement and governance Uganda country assessment and issues paper. Afornet.

	National Forest Authority. (2023). Getting to know Uganda’s diverse forests: Maramagambo Forest. https://www.nfa.org.ug/ecotourism/maramagambo-forest/ ~~<br>~~		<span id="R01179"></span>National Forest Authority. (2023). Getting to know Uganda’s diverse forests: Maramagambo Forest. https://www.nfa.org.ug/ecotourism/maramagambo-forest/

	Tumuhimbise, G., Okwakol, M. J. N., & Kangwagye, T. N. (2001). Species diversity of swallowtail butterflies (Papilionidae: Lepidoptera) in North Maramagambo Forest. African Journal of Ecology, 39(1), ~~113–115~~. ~~<br>~~		<span id="R01180"></span>Tumuhimbise, G., Okwakol, M. J. N., & Kangwagye, T. N. (2001). Species diversity of swallowtail butterflies (Papilionidae: Lepidoptera) in North Maramagambo Forest. ''African Journal of Ecology'', 39(1), 113-115. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2001.00228.x doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2001.00228.x]

	Uganda Wildlife Authority. (2012). Protecting the wildlife corridors of the Queen Elizabeth Conservation Area. ~~<br>~~		<span id="R01181"></span>Uganda Wildlife Authority. (2012). Protecting the wildlife corridors of the Queen Elizabeth Conservation Area.

	USAID. (2015). Uganda environmental threats and opportunities assessment (ETOA). <br>		<span id="R01182"></span>USAID. (2015). Uganda environmental threats and opportunities assessment (ETOA).

			<span id="R02078"></span>Plumptre, A. J., Cox, D., & Mugume, S. (2003). The status of chimpanzees in Uganda. Albertine Rift Technical Report Series No. 2. Wildlife Conservation Society, New York. [http://programs.wcs.org/portals/49/media/file/AR_Tech_Rpt_2_Uganda_Chimps.PDF link]



	'''Page created by: '''Steven Joel Basiibye''' Date:''' 2024-11-25 20:15:00		'''Page created by: '''Steven Joel Basiibye''' Date:''' 2024-11-25 20:15:00

WikiEdit at 14:48, 1 September 2026

2026-09-01T14:48:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:48, 1 September 2026
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	= References =		= References =

	Castren, T. (2023). Uganda-Investment in ~~Forests~~ and ~~Protected Areas~~ for ~~Climate~~-~~Smart Development Project~~. <br>		Castren, T. (2023). Uganda-Investment in forests and protected areas for climate-smart development project. <br>
	Gumisiriza, H., Birungi, G., Olet, E. A., & Sesaazi, C. D. (2019). Medicinal plant species used by local communities around ~~queen elizabeth national park~~, ~~maramagambo central forest reserve~~ and ~~ihimbo central forest reserve~~, ~~south western~~ Uganda. Journal of ~~ethnopharmacology~~, 239, 111926. <br>
	Kamugisha-Ruhombe, J. (2007). Forest law enforcement and governance Uganda ~~Country~~ assessment and issues paper. Afornet~~, Kampala, Uganda~~. <br>		Gumisiriza, H., Birungi, G., Olet, E. A., & Sesaazi, C. D. (2019). Medicinal plant species used by local communities around Queen Elizabeth National Park, Maramagambo Central Forest Reserve and Ihimbo Central Forest Reserve, southwestern Uganda. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 239, 111926. <br>
	National Forest Authority~~, NFA~~. (2023). Getting to ~~Know~~ Uganda’s ~~Diverse Forests~~: Maramagambo Forest. https://www.nfa.org.ug/ecotourism/maramagambo-forest/~~. Retrieved on 26th November, 2024.~~ <br>
	Tumuhimbise, G., Okwakol, M. J. N., & Kangwagye, T. N. (2001). Species diversity of swallowtail butterflies(Papilionidae: Lepidoptera) in North Maramagambo Forest. African Journal of Ecology, 39(1), ~~113-115~~. <br>		Kamugisha-Ruhombe, J. (2007). Forest law enforcement and governance Uganda country assessment and issues paper. Afornet. <br>
	~~UWA~~. (2012). Protecting the wildlife corridors of the Queen Elizabeth Conservation Area. <br>
	USAID. (2015). Uganda ~~Environmental Threats~~ and ~~Opportunities Assessment~~ (ETOA). <br>		National Forest Authority. (2023). Getting to know Uganda’s diverse forests: Maramagambo Forest. https://www.nfa.org.ug/ecotourism/maramagambo-forest/ <br>

			Tumuhimbise, G., Okwakol, M. J. N., & Kangwagye, T. N. (2001). Species diversity of swallowtail butterflies (Papilionidae: Lepidoptera) in North Maramagambo Forest. African Journal of Ecology, 39(1), 113–115. <br>

			Uganda Wildlife Authority. (2012). Protecting the wildlife corridors of the Queen Elizabeth Conservation Area. <br>

			USAID. (2015). Uganda environmental threats and opportunities assessment (ETOA). <br>



	'''Page created by: '''Steven Joel Basiibye''' Date:''' 2024-11-25 20:15:00		'''Page created by: '''Steven Joel Basiibye''' Date:''' 2024-11-25 20:15:00

WikiEdit at 13:35, 2 June 2026

2026-06-02T13:35:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:35, 2 June 2026
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	\|-		\|-
	\|5 Biological resource use		\|5 Biological resource use
	\|5.1.2 Unintentional effects ~~(species is not the target)~~		\|5.1.2 Unintentional effects
	\|High (more than 70% of population affected)		\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
	\|Hunting using dogs, nets, spears and mostly snares (USAID 2015; Kamugisha-Ruhombe 2007).		\|Hunting using dogs, nets, spears and mostly snares (USAID 2015; Kamugisha-Ruhombe 2007).

WikiEdit at 14:46, 25 March 2026

2026-03-25T14:46:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:46, 25 March 2026
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	* The population size was estimated at 202 individuals in 1999.		* The population size was estimated at 202 individuals in 1999.
	* The population trend is unknown.		* The population trend is unknown.






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	\|Encroachment on forest for agriculture (USAID 2015; Kamugisha-Ruhombe 2007).		\|Encroachment on forest for agriculture (USAID 2015; Kamugisha-Ruhombe 2007).
	\|2007-Ongoing (2015)		\|2007-Ongoing (2015)
			\|-
			\|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
			\|2.2 Wood & pulp plantations
			\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
			\|30 hectares of the reserve are under pine and eucalyptus plantations by the private sector (NFA 2008).
			\|Ongoing (2008)
	\|-		\|-
	\|5 Biological resource use		\|5 Biological resource use
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	\|Illegal pitsawing for timber sales and charcoal burning (USAID 2015; Kamugisha-Ruhombe 2007).		\|Illegal pitsawing for timber sales and charcoal burning (USAID 2015; Kamugisha-Ruhombe 2007).
	\|2007-Ongoing (2015)		\|2007-Ongoing (2015)
	\|-
	~~\|2 Agriculture & aquaculture~~
	~~\|2.2 Wood & pulp plantations~~
	~~\|High (more than 70% of population affected)~~
	~~\|30 hectares of the reserve are under pine and eucalyptus plantations by the private sector (NFA 2008).~~
	~~\|Ongoing (2008)~~
	\|}		\|}

WikiEdit at 14:30, 23 December 2025

2025-12-23T14:30:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:30, 23 December 2025
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	!Implementing organization(s)		!Implementing organization(s)
	!Year of activity		!Year of activity
			\|-
			\|2 Counter-wildlife crime
			\|2.13 Provide sustainable alternative livelihoods; establish fish- or domestic meat farms
			\|Through Investing in Forests and Protected Areas for Climate Smart Development (IFPA-CD) Project (Castren 2023).
			\|World Bank, Ministry of Water and Evironment (MWE), Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities (MTWA), Uganda Widlife Authority (UWA), National Forestry Authority (NFA)
			\|2021-Ongoing (2023)
	\|-		\|-
	\|5 Protection & restoration		\|5 Protection & restoration
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	\|1952-Ongoing (2024)		\|1952-Ongoing (2024)
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~8 Permanent presence~~		\|5 Protection & restoration
	\|8.~~2 Run tourist projects and ensure permanent human presence at site~~		\|5.6 Habitat restoration
	\|~~Eco-tourism is ongoing particularly~~ in ~~the northern part of the reserve e.g. Nyamusingiri ecotourism site~~ (UWA 2012~~, NFA 2023~~).		\|UWA agreed to plant savanna figs in Queen Elizabeth in order to restore a corridor between Kyambura Gorge and Maramagambo forest so as chimpanzees are able to move across habitats (UWA 2012).
	\|Uganda Wildlife Authority		\|Uganda Wildlife Authority
	\|~~2012-~~Ongoing (~~2023)~~		\|Ongoing (2012)
	\|-
	~~\|2 Counter-wildlife crime~~
	~~\|2.13 Provide sustainable alternative livelihoods; establish fish- or domestic meat farms~~
	~~\|Through Investing in Forests and Protected Areas for Climate Smart Development (IFPA-CD) Project (Castren 2023).~~
	~~\|World Bank, Ministry of Water and Evironment (MWE), Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities (MTWA), Uganda Widlife Authority (UWA), National Forestry Authority (NFA)~~
	~~\|2021-Ongoing (2023~~)
	\|-		\|-
	\|7 Economic & other incentives		\|7 Economic & other incentives
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	\|World Bank, Ministry of Water and Evironment (MWE), Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities (MTWA), Uganda Widlife Authority (UWA), National Forestry Authority (NFA)		\|World Bank, Ministry of Water and Evironment (MWE), Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities (MTWA), Uganda Widlife Authority (UWA), National Forestry Authority (NFA)
	\|2021-Ongoing (2023)		\|2021-Ongoing (2023)
			\|-
			\|8 Permanent presence
			\|8.2 Run tourist projects and ensure permanent human presence at site
			\|Eco-tourism is ongoing particularly in the northern part of the reserve e.g. Nyamusingiri ecotourism site (UWA 2012, NFA 2023).
			\|Uganda Wildlife Authority
			\|2012-Ongoing (2023)
	\|-		\|-
	\|7 Economic & other incentives		\|7 Economic & other incentives
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	\|National Forest Authority		\|National Forest Authority
	\|Ongoing (2008)		\|Ongoing (2008)
	\|-
	~~\|5 Protection & restoration~~
	~~\|5.6 Habitat restoration~~
	~~\|UWA agreed to plant savanna figs in Queen Elizabeth in order to restore a corridor between Kyambura Gorge and Maramagambo forest so as chimpanzees are able to move across habitats (UWA 2012).~~
	~~\|Uganda Wildlife Authority~~
	~~\|Ongoing (2012)~~
	\|}		\|}

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[[East Africa]] > [[Uganda]] > [[Maramagambo Central Forest]]

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__TOC__
= Summary =

<div style='float: right'>{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers=OpenStreetMap,OpenTopoMap|-0.353826, 29.927896~[[Maramagambo Central Forest]]~''Pan troglodytes troglodytes''}}</div>
* Eastern chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii'') are present in Maramagambo Central Forest.
* The population size was estimated at 202 individuals in 1999.
* The population trend is unknown.

= Site characteristics =

Maramagambo Forest is the largest central forest reserve located in in Bushenyi District, Western Uganda. It encompasses an area of 443 sq. km, contagious with Kalinzu Central Forest (Hashimoto, 1998). The forest is under dual management by the National Forest Authority as a Central Forest Reserve, and Uganda Wildlife Authority as part of the Queen Elizabeth Coservation Area (NFA, 2023). The forest is an important catchment area for lake Nyamusingiri, Kibona wetland, and rivers Nchwera, Sherere, Rwampunu, Keizi that drain into Lake Edward (NFA, 2023).

'''Table 1. Basic site information for Maramagambo Central Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
|Species
|''Pan troglodytes troglodytes''
|-
|Area
|443 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|Lat: -0.353826 , Lon: 29.927896
|-
|Type of site
|Protected area (Forest Reserve)
|-
|Habitat types
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Subtropical/tropical swamp forest, Grassland, Wetlands (lakes, rivers, streams, bogs, marshes)
|-
|Type of governance
|Governance by government
|}

[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]
= Ape status =

'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Maramagambo Central Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Ape_status-table"
!Species
!Year
!Occurrence
!Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)
!Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
!Abundance estimate (95% CI)
!Survey area
!Sampling method
!Analytical framework
!Source
!Comments
!A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''
|1999
|Present
|
|0.46
|202.01 (190-255)
|Maramagambo Central Forest
|Line transects & recces
|Distance sampling (decay time unknown)
|Plumptre, Cox & Mugume 2003
|A marked nest count method was used to obtain nest density estimates, nest density was converted to chimpanzee density.
|
|}

[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]
= Threats =

'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Maramagambo Central Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Threats-table"
!Category
!Specific threats
!Threat level
!Description
!Year of threat
|-
|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.1.2 Small-holder farming
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|Encroachment on forest for agriculture (USAID 2015; Kamugisha-Ruhombe 2007).
|2007-Ongoing (2015)
|-
|5 Biological resource use
|5.1.2 Unintentional effects (species is not the target)
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|Hunting using dogs, nets, spears and mostly snares (USAID 2015; Kamugisha-Ruhombe 2007).
|2007-Ongoing (2015)
|-
|5 Biological resource use
|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
|Collection of NTFPs for medicine, bush ropes and poles for construction (USAID 2015; Kamugisha-Ruhombe 2007).
|2007-Ongoing (2015)
|-
|5 Biological resource use
|5.3.1 Subsistence logging
|Medium (30-70% of population affected)
|For firewood, used at household level (USAID 2015; Kamugisha-Ruhombe 2007).
|2007-Ongoing (2015)
|-
|5 Biological resource use
|5.3.2 Commercial logging
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|Illegal pitsawing for timber sales and charcoal burning (USAID 2015; Kamugisha-Ruhombe 2007).
|2007-Ongoing (2015)
|-
|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.2 Wood & pulp plantations
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|30 hectares of the reserve are under pine and eucalyptus plantations by the private sector (NFA 2008).
|Ongoing (2008)
|}

[[Threats]]
= Conservation activities =

'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Maramagambo Central Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Conservation_activities-table"
!Category
!Specific activity
!Description
!Implementing organization(s)
!Year of activity
|-
|5 Protection & restoration
|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
|Part of the Queen Elizabeth Conservation Area and recognized as a Central Forest Resreve (NFA 2023).
|Uganda Wildlife Authority and National Forest Authority
|1952-Ongoing (2024)
|-
|8 Permanent presence
|8.2 Run tourist projects and ensure permanent human presence at site
|Eco-tourism is ongoing particularly in the northern part of the reserve e.g. Nyamusingiri ecotourism site (UWA 2012, NFA 2023).
|Uganda Wildlife Authority
|2012-Ongoing (2023)
|-
|2 Counter-wildlife crime
|2.13 Provide sustainable alternative livelihoods; establish fish- or domestic meat farms
|Through Investing in Forests and Protected Areas for Climate Smart Development (IFPA-CD) Project (Castren 2023).
|World Bank, Ministry of Water and Evironment (MWE), Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities (MTWA), Uganda Widlife Authority (UWA), National Forestry Authority (NFA)
|2021-Ongoing (2023)
|-
|7 Economic & other incentives
|7.1 Provide monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g., REDD, alternative income, employment)
|Through Investing in Forests and Protected Areas for Climate Smart Development (IFPA-CD) Project (Castren 2023).
|World Bank, Ministry of Water and Evironment (MWE), Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities (MTWA), Uganda Widlife Authority (UWA), National Forestry Authority (NFA)
|2021-Ongoing (2023)
|-
|7 Economic & other incentives
|Other
|Promoting Collaborative Forest Management (CFM) to involve communities themselves in protecting the forests (NFA 2008).
|National Forest Authority
|Ongoing (2008)
|-
|5 Protection & restoration
|5.6 Habitat restoration
|UWA agreed to plant savanna figs in Queen Elizabeth in order to restore a corridor between Kyambura Gorge and Maramagambo forest so as chimpanzees are able to move across habitats (UWA 2012).
|Uganda Wildlife Authority
|Ongoing (2012)
|}

[[Conservation activities]]
= Challenges =

= Enablers =

= Research activities =

= Documented behaviours =

= Exposure to climate change impacts =

= External links =

= References =

Castren, T. (2023). Uganda-Investment in Forests and Protected Areas for Climate-Smart Development Project. <br>
Gumisiriza, H., Birungi, G., Olet, E. A., & Sesaazi, C. D. (2019). Medicinal plant species used by local communities around queen elizabeth national park, maramagambo central forest reserve and ihimbo central forest reserve, south western Uganda. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 239, 111926. <br>
Kamugisha-Ruhombe, J. (2007). Forest law enforcement and governance Uganda Country assessment and issues paper. Afornet, Kampala, Uganda. <br>
National Forest Authority, NFA. (2023). Getting to Know Uganda’s Diverse Forests: Maramagambo Forest. https://www.nfa.org.ug/ecotourism/maramagambo-forest/. Retrieved on 26th November, 2024. <br>
Tumuhimbise, G., Okwakol, M. J. N., & Kangwagye, T. N. (2001). Species diversity of swallowtail butterflies(Papilionidae: Lepidoptera) in North Maramagambo Forest. African Journal of Ecology, 39(1), 113-115. <br>
UWA. (2012). Protecting the wildlife corridors of the Queen Elizabeth Conservation Area. <br>
USAID. (2015). Uganda Environmental Threats and Opportunities Assessment (ETOA). <br>

'''Page created by: '''Steven Joel Basiibye''' Date:''' 2024-11-25 20:15:00