Monte Alén National Park - Revision history

WikiEdit at 21:54, 15 October 2026

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	<span id="R01252"></span>Sunderland, T. C. H. (2005). A biodiversity assessment of the Monte Mitra forest, Monte Alén National Park, Equatorial Guinea. Smithsonian Institution. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250202183021/https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnadm946.pdf link]		<span id="R01252"></span>Sunderland, T. C. H. (2005). A biodiversity assessment of the Monte Mitra forest, Monte Alén National Park, Equatorial Guinea. Smithsonian Institution. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250202183021/https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnadm946.pdf link]

	<span id="R02270"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~1-19~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02270"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]



	'''Page created by: '''Regina Nchama Okenve & APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2020-12-29		'''Page created by: '''Regina Nchama Okenve & APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2020-12-29

WikiEdit at 14:35, 15 October 2026

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	<span id="R01252"></span>Sunderland, T. C. H. (2005). A biodiversity assessment of the Monte Mitra forest, Monte Alén National Park, Equatorial Guinea. Smithsonian Institution. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250202183021/https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnadm946.pdf link]		<span id="R01252"></span>Sunderland, T. C. H. (2005). A biodiversity assessment of the Monte Mitra forest, Monte Alén National Park, Equatorial Guinea. Smithsonian Institution. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250202183021/https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnadm946.pdf link]

	<span id="R02270"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~e0000345~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02270"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]



	'''Page created by: '''Regina Nchama Okenve & APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2020-12-29		'''Page created by: '''Regina Nchama Okenve & APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2020-12-29

WikiEdit at 20:29, 12 October 2026

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Show changes

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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. ~~subm.~~ extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (~~see~~ Kiribou et al. ~~subm. for details~~).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Monte Alén National Park'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Monte Alén National Park'''

WikiEdit at 14:48, 1 September 2026

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	!Comments		!Comments
	!A.P.E.S. database ID		!A.P.E.S. database ID
			\|-
			\|''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'' & ''Gorilla gorilla gorilla''
			\|2024
			\|Present
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Monte Alén National Park
			\|Line transects, Camera trap
			\|
			\|Nchama Okenve, R., pers. comm. 2025
			\|
			\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|''Gorilla gorilla gorilla''		\|''Gorilla gorilla gorilla''
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	\|Garcia & Mba 1997		\|Garcia & Mba 1997
	\|290 chimpanzee nests recorded. Survey effort: 84.9 km. Nest encounter rate is the mean taken from three estimates (dense forest (3.41), open forest (5.35), secondary forest (0.31)).		\|290 chimpanzee nests recorded. Survey effort: 84.9 km. Nest encounter rate is the mean taken from three estimates (dense forest (3.41), open forest (5.35), secondary forest (0.31)).
	\|
	\|-
	~~\|''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'' & ''Gorilla gorilla gorilla''~~
	~~\|2024~~
	~~\|Present~~
	\|
	\|
	\|
	~~\|Monte Alén National Park~~
	~~\|Line transects, Camera trap~~
	\|
	~~\|Nchama Okenve, R., pers. comm. 2025~~
	\|
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}
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	= References =		= References =

	BirdLife International. (2020). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Monte Alen National Park. ~~Downloaded~~ from http://www.birdlife.org ~~on 10/12/2020.~~ <br>		BirdLife International. (2020). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Monte Alen National Park. Retrieved December 10, 2020, from http://www.birdlife.org <br>
	Garcia, J. E., & Mba, J. (1997). Distribution, status and conservation of primates in Monte Alen National Park, ~~equatorial~~ Guinea. Oryx, 31(1), ~~67-76~~. <br>
	Kenfack, C.E. (2014). El paisaje del Monte Alén /Montes de Cristal. CIFOR report~~, retrieved from:~~ https://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/brief/4507-brief.pdf <br>		Garcia, J. E., & Mba, J. (1997). Distribution, status and conservation of primates in Monte Alen National Park, Equatorial Guinea. Oryx, 31(1), 67–76. <br>
	Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership (2025) Key Biodiversity Areas factsheet: Monte Alen National Park. ~~Extracted from the~~ World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas. ~~Developed by the Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership: BirdLife International~~, IUCN, American Bird Conservancy, Amphibian Survival Alliance, Conservation International, Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, Global Environment Facility, Re:wild, NatureServe, Rainforest Trust, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, ~~World Wildlife Fund and Wildlife Conservation Society. Downloaded~~ from https://keybiodiversityareas.org/ ~~on Nov 14, 2025.~~ <br>
	McLaughlin, P., McCabe, G., & Fernández, D. (2020, June). A long-term monitoring programme for great apes in Monte Alén National Park. Gorilla Journal, (60), 20–22. ~~Retrieved from~~ https://www.berggorilla.org/en/gorillas/species/western-gorillas/articles-western-gorillas/a-long-term-monitoring-programme-for-great-apes-in-monte-alen-national-park/ <br>		Kenfack, C. E. (2014). El paisaje del Monte Alén/Montes de Cristal. CIFOR report. https://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/brief/4507-brief.pdf <br>
	Miles, J. O. C. L., & Annan, K. (2005). World atlas of great apes and their conservation. ~~Univ~~ of California Press. <br>
	Murai M, Ruffler H, Berlemont A, Campbell G, Esono F, Agbor A, et al. (2013). Priority ~~Areas~~ for ~~Large Mammal Conservation~~ in Equatorial Guinea. ~~PLoS~~ ONE 8(9): e75024. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075024 ~~<br>~~		Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership. (2025). Key Biodiversity Areas factsheet: Monte Alen National Park. In World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas. Retrieved November 14, 2025, from https://keybiodiversityareas.org/ <br>
	~~Sunderland, T. C. H. (2005). A biodiversity assessment of the Monte Mitra forest, Monte Alén National Park, Equatorial Guinea. Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.~~ <br>
			McLaughlin, P., McCabe, G., & Fernández, D. (2020, June). A long-term monitoring programme for great apes in Monte Alén National Park. Gorilla Journal, (60), 20–22. https://www.berggorilla.org/en/gorillas/species/western-gorillas/articles-western-gorillas/a-long-term-monitoring-programme-for-great-apes-in-monte-alen-national-park/ <br>

			Miles, J. O. C. L., & Annan, K. (2005). World atlas of great apes and their conservation. University of California Press. <br>

			Murai, M., Ruffler, H., Berlemont, A., Campbell, G., Esono, F., Agbor, A., et al. (2013). Priority areas for large mammal conservation in Equatorial Guinea. PLOS ONE, 8(9), e75024. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075024 <br>

			Sunderland, T. C. H. (2005). A biodiversity assessment of the Monte Mitra forest, Monte Alén National Park, Equatorial Guinea. Smithsonian Institution Press. <br>



	'''Page created by: '''Regina Nchama Okenve & APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2020-12-29		'''Page created by: '''Regina Nchama Okenve & APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2020-12-29

WikiEdit at 09:24, 21 April 2026

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	!Source		!Source
	!Year(s)		!Year(s)
			\|-
			\|2 Resources and capacity
			\|2.1 Lack of capacity/training
			\|Kenfack 2014
			\|Ongoing (2014)
	\|-		\|-
	\|2 Resources and capacity		\|2 Resources and capacity
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	\|Kenfack 2014, Nchama Okenve, R., pers. comm. 2025		\|Kenfack 2014, Nchama Okenve, R., pers. comm. 2025
	\|2014-Ongoing (2025)		\|2014-Ongoing (2025)
	\|-
	~~\|2 Resources and capacity~~
	~~\|2.1 Lack of capacity/training~~
	~~\|Kenfack 2014~~
	~~\|Ongoing (2014)~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|2 Resources and capacity		\|2 Resources and capacity

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	* Key threats to great apes are hunting, logging, and pressure for farmland.		* Key threats to great apes are hunting, logging, and pressure for farmland.
	* Conservation activities include awareness raising activities and biomonitoring.		* Conservation activities include awareness raising activities and biomonitoring.





	<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:River_MonteAlen.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © R. Nchama Okenve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: Camaleon_MonteAlen.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © R. Nchama Okenve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: Bushbuck_MonteAlen.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © R. Nchama Okenve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: Waterfalls_MonteAlen.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © R. Nchama Okenve]] </li></ul></div>		<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:River_MonteAlen.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © R. Nchama Okenve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: Camaleon_MonteAlen.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © R. Nchama Okenve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: Bushbuck_MonteAlen.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © R. Nchama Okenve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: Waterfalls_MonteAlen.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © R. Nchama Okenve]] </li></ul></div>
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	!Description		!Description
	!Year of threat		!Year of threat
			\|-
			\|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
			\|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
			\|Present (unknown severity)
			\|Agricultural expansion (Sunderland 2005, Kenfack 2014). Farming is mainly occurring at the borders of the park (Nchama Okenve, R., pers. comm. 2025).
			\|2005-Ongoing (2025)
	\|-		\|-
	\|5 Biological resource use		\|5 Biological resource use
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	\|Human-wildlife conflict due to crop raiding (Nchama Okenve, R., pers. comm. 2025).		\|Human-wildlife conflict due to crop raiding (Nchama Okenve, R., pers. comm. 2025).
	\|Ongoing (2025)		\|Ongoing (2025)
	\|-
	~~\|2 Agriculture & aquaculture~~
	~~\|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops~~
	~~\|Present (unknown severity)~~
	~~\|Agricultural expansion (Sunderland 2005, Kenfack 2014). Farming is mainly occurring at the borders of the park (Nchama Okenve, R., pers. comm. 2025).~~
	~~\|2005-Ongoing (2025)~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|5 Biological resource use		\|5 Biological resource use

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	\|The site is a National Park.		\|The site is a National Park.
	\|		\|
	\|1990-Ongoing (~~2025~~)		\|1990-Ongoing (2026)
	\|-		\|-
	\|7 Economic & other incentives		\|7 Economic & other incentives

WikiEdit at 14:30, 23 December 2025

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@@ Line 157: / Line 157: @@
 !Implementing organization(s)
 !Year of activity
 |-
 |2 Counter-wildlife crime
@@ Line 169: / Line 163: @@
 |Bristol Zoological Society, INDEFOR
 |2019-Ongoing (2020)
 |-
 |4 Education & awareness
@@ Line 181: / Line 169: @@
 |INDEFOR
 |Ongoing (2025)
 |-
 |7 Economic & other incentives
@@ Line 186: / Line 180: @@
 |Funding of microprojects to support income generation in local communities (Nchama Okenve, R., pers. comm. 2025).
 |IUCN, Bristol Zoological Society
 |Ongoing (2025)
 |-

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← Older revision		Revision as of 06:38, 15 December 2025
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	!Source		!Source
	!Year(s)		!Year(s)
			\|-
			\|2 Resources and capacity
			\|2.6 External partnerships that add expertise or resources
			\|McLaughlin, McCabe & Fernández 2020
			\|Ongoing (2020)
	\|-		\|-
	\|1 Site management		\|1 Site management
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	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|-
	~~\|2 Resources and capacity~~
	~~\|2.6 External partnerships that add expertise or resources~~
	~~\|McLaughlin, McCabe & Fernández 2020~~
	~~\|Ongoing (2020)~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|3 Engaged community		\|3 Engaged community