Monts Birougou National Park - Revision history

WikiEdit at 21:54, 15 October 2026

2026-10-15T21:54:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:54, 15 October 2026
Line 414:		Line 414:
	<span id="R01260"></span>Walsh, P. D., Abernethy, K. A., Bermejo, M., Beyers, R., De Wachter, P., Akou, M. E., …, & Wilkie, D. S. (2003). Catastrophic ape decline in western equatorial Africa. ''Nature'', 422(6932), 611-614. [https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01566 doi:10.1038/nature01566]		<span id="R01260"></span>Walsh, P. D., Abernethy, K. A., Bermejo, M., Beyers, R., De Wachter, P., Akou, M. E., …, & Wilkie, D. S. (2003). Catastrophic ape decline in western equatorial Africa. ''Nature'', 422(6932), 611-614. [https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01566 doi:10.1038/nature01566]

	<span id="R02271"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~1-19~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02271"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

WikiEdit at 14:35, 15 October 2026

2026-10-15T14:35:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:35, 15 October 2026
Line 414:		Line 414:
	<span id="R01260"></span>Walsh, P. D., Abernethy, K. A., Bermejo, M., Beyers, R., De Wachter, P., Akou, M. E., …, & Wilkie, D. S. (2003). Catastrophic ape decline in western equatorial Africa. ''Nature'', 422(6932), 611-614. [https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01566 doi:10.1038/nature01566]		<span id="R01260"></span>Walsh, P. D., Abernethy, K. A., Bermejo, M., Beyers, R., De Wachter, P., Akou, M. E., …, & Wilkie, D. S. (2003). Catastrophic ape decline in western equatorial Africa. ''Nature'', 422(6932), 611-614. [https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01566 doi:10.1038/nature01566]

	<span id="R02271"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~e0000345~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02271"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

WikiEdit at 19:11, 14 October 2026

2026-10-14T19:11:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:11, 14 October 2026
Line 412:		Line 412:
	<span id="R01259"></span>UNESCO World Heritage Committee. (2016–2018). State of conservation reports for Ecosystem and Relict Cultural Landscape of Lopé-Okanda (Gabon). UNESCO. Retrieved from https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1147/documents/		<span id="R01259"></span>UNESCO World Heritage Committee. (2016–2018). State of conservation reports for Ecosystem and Relict Cultural Landscape of Lopé-Okanda (Gabon). UNESCO. Retrieved from https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1147/documents/

	<span id="R01260"></span>Walsh, P. D., Abernethy, K. A., Bermejo, M., Beyers, R., De Wachter, P., Akou, M. E., …, & Wilkie, D. S. (2003). Catastrophic ape decline in western equatorial Africa. ''Nature'', 422(6932), 611-614.		<span id="R01260"></span>Walsh, P. D., Abernethy, K. A., Bermejo, M., Beyers, R., De Wachter, P., Akou, M. E., …, & Wilkie, D. S. (2003). Catastrophic ape decline in western equatorial Africa. ''Nature'', 422(6932), 611-614. [https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01566 doi:10.1038/nature01566]

	<span id="R02271"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02271"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

WikiEdit at 20:29, 12 October 2026

2026-10-12T20:29:38Z

Show changes

WikiEdit at 12:18, 3 September 2026

2026-09-03T12:18:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:18, 3 September 2026
Line 273:		Line 273:
	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. ~~subm.~~ extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (~~see~~ Kiribou et al. ~~subm. for details~~).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Monts Birougou National Park'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Monts Birougou National Park'''

WikiEdit at 14:48, 1 September 2026

2026-09-01T14:48:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:48, 1 September 2026
Line 398:		Line 398:
	= References =		= References =

	~~Sop~~, ~~T., Cheyne, S. M., Maisels, F., Wich, S. A~~., & ~~Williamson~~, E. A. (~~2015~~). ~~Ape Population Abundance Estimates (Online~~-~~only annex)~~.		Aba'a, R., & Bezangoye, A. (2007). Estimation de la densité, de l’abondance et de la distribution relative des grands mammifères et l’impact des activités anthropiques au Parc National des Monts Birougou et ses environs: Établissement d’une ligne de base pour le monitoring. Rapport final. WCS-Gabon. <br>

	Aba'a, R., et Bezangoye A. (2007) Estimation de la densité, de l’abondance et de la distribution relative des grands mammifères et l’impact des activités anthropiques au Parc National des Monts Birougou et ses environs: Etablissement d’une ligne de base pour le monitoring. Rapport final. WCS-Gabon <br>		IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group. (2014). Regional action plan for the conservation of western lowland gorillas and central chimpanzees 2015–2025. IUCN. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2014.SSC-OP.54.en <br>
	IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group. (2014). Regional ~~Action Plan~~ for the ~~Conservation~~ of ~~Western Lowland Gorillas~~ and ~~Central Chimpanzees~~ 2015–2025. ~~Gland, Switzerland:~~ IUCN. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2014.SSC-OP.54.en <br>
	UNESCO World Heritage Committee. (2016–2018). State of Conservation reports for Ecosystem and Relict Cultural Landscape of Lopé-Okanda (Gabon). Paris: UNESCO. Retrieved from https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1147/documents/ <br>		Maisels, F., et al. (2013). Devastating decline of forest elephants in Central Africa. PLOS ONE, 8(3), e59469. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059469 <br>
	~~UNEP-WCMC. (2007). Lopé-Okanda World Heritage Site Datasheet. Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC. Retrieved from https://worldheritageoutlook.iucn.org/ <br>~~
	Maisels, F., et al. (2013). Devastating decline of forest elephants in Central Africa. ~~PLoS~~ ONE, 8(3), e59469. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059469 <br>		Morgan, B. J., & Sanz, C. (2007). Best practice guidelines for reducing the impact of commercial logging on great apes in Western Equatorial Africa. IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2007.SSC-OP.34.en <br>
	Morgan, B. J., & Sanz, C. (2007). Best practice guidelines for reducing the impact of commercial logging on great apes in Western Equatorial Africa. ~~Gland, Switzerland:~~ IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2007.SSC-OP.34.en <br>
	Walsh, P. D., Abernethy, K. A., Bermejo, M., Beyers, R., De Wachter, P., Akou, M. E., ... & Wilkie, D. S. (2003). Catastrophic ape decline in western equatorial Africa. Nature, 422(6932), ~~611-614~~. <br>		Sop, T., Cheyne, S. M., Maisels, F., Wich, S. A., & Williamson, E. A. (2015). Ape population abundance estimates (Online-only annex). <br>

			UNEP-WCMC. (2007). Lopé-Okanda World Heritage Site datasheet. UNEP-WCMC. Retrieved from https://worldheritageoutlook.iucn.org/ <br>

			UNESCO World Heritage Committee. (2016–2018). State of conservation reports for Ecosystem and Relict Cultural Landscape of Lopé-Okanda (Gabon). UNESCO. Retrieved from https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1147/documents/ <br>

			Walsh, P. D., Abernethy, K. A., Bermejo, M., Beyers, R., De Wachter, P., Akou, M. E., ... & Wilkie, D. S. (2003). Catastrophic ape decline in western equatorial Africa. Nature, 422(6932), 611–614. <br>

WikiEdit at 14:46, 25 March 2026

2026-03-25T14:46:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:46, 25 March 2026
Line 13:		Line 13:
	* The main reported threats include poaching, illegal logging, zoonotic diseases, and urban expansion.		* The main reported threats include poaching, illegal logging, zoonotic diseases, and urban expansion.
	* The main reported conservation interventions include regular anti-poaching patrols, implementation of monitoring and surveillance strategies, research projects, and awareness-raising and education initiatives.		* The main reported conservation interventions include regular anti-poaching patrols, implementation of monitoring and surveillance strategies, research projects, and awareness-raising and education initiatives.






Line 105:		Line 101:
	!Description		!Description
	!Year of threat		!Year of threat
	\|-
	~~\|8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases~~
	~~\|8.4 Pathogens~~
	~~\|present (unknown severity)~~
	~~\|Zoonotic disease events have caused catastrophic great-ape die‑offs elsewhere in Gabon (Walsh et al. 2003, IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group 2014).~~
	~~\|2003-Ongoing (2014)~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|1 Residential & commercial development		\|1 Residential & commercial development
	\|1.1 Residential areas		\|1.1 Residential areas
	\|~~present~~ (unknown severity)		\|Present (unknown severity)
	\|Increasing settlements and resource use around protected areas generate disturbance, edge effects, and hunting pressure on great apes (IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group 2014, Ramsar Secretariat 2007).		\|Increasing settlements and resource use around protected areas generate disturbance, edge effects, and hunting pressure on great apes (IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group 2014, Ramsar Secretariat 2007).
	\|2007-Ongoing (2014)		\|2007-Ongoing (2014)
Line 129:		Line 119:
	\|Rapid logging expansion and road access in the Chaillu landscape increase human presence, fragment habitats, and raise hunting risks for great ape (IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group 2014).		\|Rapid logging expansion and road access in the Chaillu landscape increase human presence, fragment habitats, and raise hunting risks for great ape (IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group 2014).
	\|Ongoing (2014)		\|Ongoing (2014)
			\|-
			\|8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases
			\|8.4 Pathogens
			\|Present (unknown severity)
			\|Zoonotic disease events have caused catastrophic great-ape die‑offs elsewhere in Gabon (Walsh et al. 2003, IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group 2014).
			\|2003-Ongoing (2014)
	\|}		\|}

WikiEdit at 07:29, 4 February 2026

2026-02-04T07:29:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:29, 4 February 2026
Line 167:		Line 167:
	\|Officially classified as a national park on 30 August 2002		\|Officially classified as a national park on 30 August 2002
	\|		\|
	\|2002-Ongoing (~~2025~~)		\|2002-Ongoing (2026)
	\|-		\|-
	\|8 Permanent presence		\|8 Permanent presence

WikiEdit at 14:30, 23 December 2025

2025-12-23T14:30:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:30, 23 December 2025
Line 144:		Line 144:
	!Implementing organization(s)		!Implementing organization(s)
	!Year of activity		!Year of activity
	\|-
	~~\|5 Protection & restoration~~
	~~\|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat~~
	~~\|Officially classified as a national park on 30 August 2002~~
	\|
	~~\|2002-Ongoing (2025)~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|2 Counter-wildlife crime		\|2 Counter-wildlife crime
Line 168:		Line 162:
	\|ANPN		\|ANPN
	\|Ongoing (2014)		\|Ongoing (2014)
			\|-
			\|5 Protection & restoration
			\|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
			\|Officially classified as a national park on 30 August 2002
			\|
			\|2002-Ongoing (2025)
	\|-		\|-
	\|8 Permanent presence		\|8 Permanent presence

WikiEdit at 07:08, 6 November 2025

2025-11-06T07:08:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:08, 6 November 2025
Line 394:		Line 394:


	<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Monts_Birougou_NP.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly ~~inMonts~~ Birougou National Park]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Monts_Birougou_NP.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly ~~inMonts~~ Birougou National Park]] </li></ul></div>		<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Monts_Birougou_NP.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly in Monts Birougou National Park]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Monts_Birougou_NP.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly in Monts Birougou National Park]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =