Mount Otzi Forest Reserve - Revision history

WikiEdit at 00:10, 15 October 2026

2026-10-15T00:10:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:10, 14 October 2026
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	= Ape status =		= Ape status =

	Chimpanzees were rumored to be present in the reserve in 1993, and their presence was confirmed during a 1999-2002 survey (Plumptre Cox & Mugume 2003). The population of chimpanzees was estimated at 20-40 individuals between 1999 and 2002, however the current status is not known ([[#R01308\|Butynski & de Jong 2017]]). Residents have claimed that chimpanzees sometimes occupy Mt. Nyeri, but seasonally move up Mt. Nyeri and into South Sudan's Nimule National Park (NP), and none of the residents interviewed had seen or heard chimpanzees within the last 3 years (2013-2016; [[#R01308\|Butynski & de Jong 2017]]).		Chimpanzees were rumored to be present in the reserve in 1993, and their presence was confirmed during a 1999-2002 survey ([[#R02079\|Plumptre Cox & Mugume 2003]]). The population of chimpanzees was estimated at 20-40 individuals between 1999 and 2002, however the current status is not known ([[#R01308\|Butynski & de Jong 2017]]). Residents have claimed that chimpanzees sometimes occupy Mt. Nyeri, but seasonally move up Mt. Nyeri and into South Sudan's Nimule National Park (NP), and none of the residents interviewed had seen or heard chimpanzees within the last 3 years (2013-2016; [[#R01308\|Butynski & de Jong 2017]]).

	'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Mount Otzi Forest Reserve'''		'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Mount Otzi Forest Reserve'''

WikiEdit at 20:29, 12 October 2026

2026-10-12T20:29:43Z

Show changes

WikiEdit at 14:48, 1 September 2026

2026-09-01T14:48:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:48, 1 September 2026
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	= References =		= References =

	BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: Mount Otzi Forest Reserve (Uganda). ~~Downloaded~~ from https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/mount-otzi-forest-reserve-iba-uganda ~~on 25/11/2024.~~ <br>		BirdLife International. (2024). Important Bird Area factsheet: Mount Otzi Forest Reserve (Uganda). Retrieved November 25, 2024, from https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/mount-otzi-forest-reserve-iba-uganda <br>
	Butynski, T. M., & de Jong, Y. A. (2017). Biogeography, ~~Taxonomy~~, ~~Abundance~~, and ~~Conservation Status~~ of the ~~Primates~~ of ~~Northeast~~ Uganda and ~~West~~ Kenya. Unpublished report to National Geographic Society, Washington, DC. ~~Website:<~~ http://www. wildsolutions. nl. <br>
	Byaruhanga, Kasoma & Pomeroy. (2001). Important Bird Areas in Africa and associated ~~islands-Uganda~~. In ~~Fishpool,~~ L. D., & ~~Evans,~~ M. I. (Eds.), Important Bird Areas in Africa and associated islands: Priority sites for conservation (~~975-1003~~). ~~Cambridge: Birdlife~~ International. <br>		Butynski, T. M., & de Jong, Y. A. (2017). Biogeography, taxonomy, abundance, and conservation status of the primates of northeast Uganda and west Kenya. Unpublished report to National Geographic Society, Washington, DC. http://www.wildsolutions.nl <br>
	Castren, T. (2023). ~~Uganda-Investment~~ in Forests and Protected Areas for Climate-Smart Development Project. <br>
	Key Biodiversity Areas ~~(KBA)~~. (2024) Key Biodiversity Areas factsheet: Mount Otzi Forest Reserve. ~~Extracted~~ from ~~the World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas,~~ https://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/site/factsheet/7063~~. Retrieved on 25th November, 2024~~ <br>		Byaruhanga, A., Kasoma, P. M. B., & Pomeroy, D. E. (2001). Important Bird Areas in Africa and associated islands–Uganda. In L. D. Fishpool & M. I. Evans (Eds.), Important Bird Areas in Africa and associated islands: Priority sites for conservation (pp. 975–1003). BirdLife International. <br>
	~~National Forest Authority, NFA. (2023). Getting to Know Uganda’s Diverse Forests. https://www.nfa.org.ug/. Retrieved on 26th November, 2024. <br>~~
	Masters, E. (2008). A ~~Tree Ethnobotany~~ of the Madi sub-~~Region~~, ~~Northern~~ Uganda. <br>		Castren, T. (2023). Uganda–Investment in Forests and Protected Areas for Climate-Smart Development Project. <br>
	Ministry of Water and Environment~~, MWE~~. (2021). Investment in Forests and Protected Areas for Climate Smart Development Project. Kampala, Uganda. <br>
	USAID. (2015). Uganda ~~Environmental Threats~~ and ~~Opportunities Assessment~~ (ETOA). <br>		Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership. (2024). Key Biodiversity Areas factsheet: Mount Otzi Forest Reserve. Retrieved November 25, 2024, from https://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/site/factsheet/7063 <br>

			Masters, E. (2008). A tree ethnobotany of the Madi sub-region, northern Uganda. <br>

			Ministry of Water and Environment. (2021). Investment in Forests and Protected Areas for Climate-Smart Development Project. Kampala, Uganda. <br>

			National Forest Authority. (2023). Getting to know Uganda’s diverse forests. https://www.nfa.org.ug/ <br>

			USAID. (2015). Uganda environmental threats and opportunities assessment (ETOA). <br>



	'''Page created by: '''Steven Joel Basiibye''' Date:''' 2024-11-25 20:14:00		'''Page created by: '''Steven Joel Basiibye''' Date:''' 2024-11-25 20:14:00

WikiEdit at 09:31, 21 April 2026

2026-04-21T09:31:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:31, 21 April 2026
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	!Source		!Source
	!Year(s)		!Year(s)
			\|-
			\|1 Site management
			\|1.3 Corruption
			\|Butynski & de Jong 2017
			\|Ongoing (2017)
	\|-		\|-
	\|2 Resources and capacity		\|2 Resources and capacity
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	\|2 Resources and capacity		\|2 Resources and capacity
	\|2.7 Lack of infrastructure		\|2.7 Lack of infrastructure
	~~\|Butynski & de Jong 2017~~
	~~\|Ongoing (2017)~~
	\|-
	~~\|6 Safety and stability~~
	~~\|6.2 Insecurity~~
	\|Butynski & de Jong 2017		\|Butynski & de Jong 2017
	\|Ongoing (2017)		\|Ongoing (2017)
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	\|Ongoing (2017)		\|Ongoing (2017)
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~1 Site management~~		\|6 Safety and stability
	\|1.~~3 Corruption~~		\|6.2 Insecurity
	\|Butynski & de Jong 2017		\|Butynski & de Jong 2017
	\|Ongoing (2017)		\|Ongoing (2017)

WikiEdit at 14:46, 25 March 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 10:46, 25 March 2026
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	* It was estimated that 20-40 chimpanzees inhabited the site between 1999 and 2002.		* It was estimated that 20-40 chimpanzees inhabited the site between 1999 and 2002.
	* The population trend is unknown.		* The population trend is unknown.






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	\|2001-Ongoing (2015)		\|2001-Ongoing (2015)
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~5 Biological resource use~~		\|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
	\|5.3~~.2 Commercial logging~~		\|2.3 Livestock farming & ranching
	\|~~High~~ (~~more than~~ 70% of population affected)		\|Medium (30-70% of population affected)
	\|~~Commercial logging for timber and charcoal burning~~ (~~USAID 2015~~).		\|Encroachment on the reserve to graze livestock (Butynski & de Jong 2017).
	\|~~2001-~~Ongoing (~~2015~~)		\|Ongoing (2017)
	\|-		\|-
	\|5 Biological resource use		\|5 Biological resource use
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	\|Ongoing (2001)		\|Ongoing (2001)
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~2 Agriculture & aquaculture~~		\|5 Biological resource use
	\|2.3 ~~Livestock farming & ranching~~		\|5.3.2 Commercial logging
	\|~~Medium~~ (~~30-~~70% of population affected)		\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
	\|~~Encroachment on the reserve to graze livestock~~ (~~Butynski & de Jong 2017~~).		\|Commercial logging for timber and charcoal burning (USAID 2015).
	\|Ongoing (~~2017~~)		\|2001-Ongoing (2015)
	\|-		\|-
	\|7 Natural system modifications		\|7 Natural system modifications

WikiEdit at 07:29, 4 February 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 03:29, 4 February 2026
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	\|The area is protected as a Central Forest Reserve (KBA 2024).		\|The area is protected as a Central Forest Reserve (KBA 2024).
	\|National Forest Authority		\|National Forest Authority
	\|1933-Ongoing (~~2024~~)		\|1933-Ongoing (2026)
	\|-		\|-
	\|7 Economic & other incentives		\|7 Economic & other incentives

WikiEdit at 14:30, 23 December 2025

2025-12-23T14:30:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:30, 23 December 2025
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	!Implementing organization(s)		!Implementing organization(s)
	!Year of activity		!Year of activity
			\|-
			\|2 Counter-wildlife crime
			\|2.13 Provide sustainable alternative livelihoods; establish fish- or domestic meat farms
			\|Wildlife, Landscapes and Development for Conservation (WILD) (Masters 2008).
			\|Wildlife Conservation Society, Straight Talk Foundation, The United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
			\|2005-2008
	\|-		\|-
	\|5 Protection & restoration		\|5 Protection & restoration
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	\|National Forest Authority		\|National Forest Authority
	\|1933-Ongoing (2024)		\|1933-Ongoing (2024)
	\|-
	~~\|2 Counter-wildlife crime~~
	~~\|2.13 Provide sustainable alternative livelihoods; establish fish- or domestic meat farms~~
	~~\|Wildlife, Landscapes and Development for Conservation (WILD) (Masters 2008).~~
	~~\|Wildlife Conservation Society, Straight Talk Foundation, The United States Agency for International Development (USAID)~~
	~~\|2005-2008~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|7 Economic & other incentives		\|7 Economic & other incentives

WikiEdit at 07:09, 6 November 2025

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← Older revision		Revision as of 03:09, 6 November 2025
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	<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Otzi_FR.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly ~~inMount~~ Otzi Forest Reserve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Otzi_FR.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly ~~inMount~~ Otzi Forest Reserve]] </li></ul></div>		<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Otzi_FR.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly in Mount Otzi Forest Reserve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Otzi_FR.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly in Mount Otzi Forest Reserve]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =

WikiEdit at 06:52, 6 November 2025

2025-11-06T06:52:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:52, 6 November 2025
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	* It was estimated that 20-40 chimpanzees inhabited the site between 1999 and 2002.		* It was estimated that 20-40 chimpanzees inhabited the site between 1999 and 2002.
	* The population trend is unknown.		* The population trend is unknown.



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	[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]		[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]

	= Ape status =		= Ape status =

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	[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]		[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]

	= Threats =		= Threats =

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	[[Threats]]		[[Threats]]

	= Conservation activities =		= Conservation activities =

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	[[Conservation activities]]		[[Conservation activities]]

	= Challenges =		= Challenges =

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	[[Challenges]]		[[Challenges]]

	= Enablers =		= Enablers =

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	[[Enablers]]		[[Enablers]]

	= Research activities =		= Research activities =




	= Documented behaviours =		= Documented behaviours =



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			<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Otzi_FR.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly inMount Otzi Forest Reserve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Otzi_FR.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly inMount Otzi Forest Reserve]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =

WikiEdit: Created page with "East Africa > Uganda > Mount Otzi Forest Reserve '''[https://apesatlas-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Mount_Otzi_Forest_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Français]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Mount_Otzi_Forest_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=pt&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Português]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Mount_Otzi_Forest_Reserv..."

2025-10-30T17:53:52Z

Created page with "East Africa > Uganda > Mount Otzi Forest Reserve '''[https://apesatlas-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Mount_Otzi_Forest_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Français]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Mount_Otzi_Forest_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=pt&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Português]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Mount_Otzi_Forest_Reserv..."

New page

[[East Africa]] > [[Uganda]] > [[Mount Otzi Forest Reserve]]

'''[https://apesatlas-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Mount_Otzi_Forest_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Français]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Mount_Otzi_Forest_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=pt&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Português]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Mount_Otzi_Forest_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=es&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Español]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Mount_Otzi_Forest_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Bahasa Indonesia]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Mount_Otzi_Forest_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Melayu]'''

__TOC__
= Summary =

<div style='float: right'>{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers=OpenStreetMap,OpenTopoMap|3.75, 31.83~[[Mount Otzi Forest Reserve]]~''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''}}</div>
* Eastern chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii'') are present in Mount Otzi Forest Reserve.
* It was estimated that 20-40 chimpanzees inhabited the site between 1999 and 2002.
* The population trend is unknown.

= Site characteristics =

Mount Otzi Forest Reserve encompasses an area of 188 sq. km, located in Moyo, West Nile Region, Uganda. It is located on an escarpment overlooking the point where the Achwa River meets the White Nile as it flows into South Sudan (Byaruhanga et al. 2001). Much of the Otzi Mountain lies within the forest reserve, which ranges in altitude from 760 m to 1667 m above sea level (Butynski & de Jong 2017). Mount Otzi Central Forest Reserve was designated in 1933 to protect the water catchment area of the nearby Achwa River.

About half of the area can broadly be classified as wooded savanna, whilst most of the rest is savanna with undifferentiated semi-deciduous thicket (KBA 2024). Due to the sparse population density around the reserve, as well as steep slopes and rugged terrain which limit cultivation, it is mainly intact except for light encroached enclaves, mainly at the lower altitudes (Byaruhanga et al., 2001). To local people, the reserve is important for building materials, especially bamboo poles and non-timber products (BirdLife International 2024).

About 125 tree species have been recorded (Acanakwo 2011), 168 bird species, 94 butterflies, and 44 large moths (BirdLife International 2024). The current status of large mammals in the Otzi East Central Forest Reserve is not known, and the threats to this reserve have not been documented in detail. Much of the Otzi Central Forest Reserve is remote, steep, rugged, rocky, and without road access and as such most areas are probably the least impacted by human activities, and where larger mammals, such as chimpanzee, elephant, and buffalo, might still occur (Butynski & de Jong, 2017). Other primates present in the area include mantled guereza (''Colobus guereza occidentalis''), Senegal bushbaby (''Galago senegalensis''), and tantalus monkey (''Chlorocebus tantalus''; Butynski & de Jong 2017).

'''Table 1. Basic site information for Mount Otzi Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
|Species
|''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''
|-
|Area
|188 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|Lat: 3.75 , Lon: 31.83
|-
|Type of site
|Protected area (Forest Reserve)
|-
|Habitat types
|Subtropical/tropical dry forest, Savanna, Shrubland, Wetlands (lakes, rivers, streams, bogs, marshes), Rocky areas (inland cliffs, mountain peaks)
|-
|Type of governance
|Governance by government
|}

[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]
= Ape status =

Chimpanzees were rumored to be present in the reserve in 1993, and their presence was confirmed during a 1999-2002 survey (Plumptre Cox & Mugume 2003). The population of chimpanzees was estimated at 20-40 individuals between 1999 and 2002, however the current status is not known (Butynski & de Jong 2017). Residents have claimed that chimpanzees sometimes occupy Mt. Nyeri, but seasonally move up Mt. Nyeri and into South Sudan's Nimule National Park (NP), and none of the residents interviewed had seen or heard chimpanzees within the last 3 years (2013-2016; Butynski & de Jong 2017).

'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Mount Otzi Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Ape_status-table"
!Species
!Year
!Occurrence
!Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)
!Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
!Abundance estimate (95% CI)
!Survey area
!Sampling method
!Analytical framework
!Source
!Comments
!A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''
|1999-2002
|
|
|
|25 (20-40)
|Mount Otzi Forest Reserve
|Line transects & recces
|Distance sampling (decay time unknown)
|Plumptre, Cox & Mugume 2003
|Classified as a low density site, density could not be estimated. Number of nest building chimpanzees estimated at 25 individuals.
|
|}

[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]
= Threats =

'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Mount Otzi Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Threats-table"
!Category
!Specific threats
!Threat level
!Description
!Year of threat
|-
|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.1.2 Small-holder farming
|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
|Forest reserve is encroached by farming, particularly in the lower altitudes (Byaruhanga et al., 2001). Forest degradation, loss and fragmentation degradation mostly from agriculture expansion leading to alteration and shifting (Butynski & de Jong 2017; USAID 2015).
|2001-Ongoing (2015)
|-
|5 Biological resource use
|5.3.2 Commercial logging
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|Commercial logging for timber and charcoal burning (USAID 2015).
|2001-Ongoing (2015)
|-
|5 Biological resource use
|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
|The reserve is a source of building materials for local people, especially bamboo poles (Byaruhanga et al. 2001).
|Ongoing (2001)
|-
|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.3 Livestock farming & ranching
|Medium (30-70% of population affected)
|Encroachment on the reserve to graze livestock (Butynski & de Jong 2017).
|Ongoing (2017)
|-
|7 Natural system modifications
|7.1 Fire & fire suppression
|Medium (30-70% of population affected)
|Butynski & de Jong 2017
|Ongoing (2017)
|}

[[Threats]]
= Conservation activities =

'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Mount Otzi Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Conservation_activities-table"
!Category
!Specific activity
!Description
!Implementing organization(s)
!Year of activity
|-
|5 Protection & restoration
|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
|The area is protected as a Central Forest Reserve (KBA 2024).
|National Forest Authority
|1933-Ongoing (2024)
|-
|2 Counter-wildlife crime
|2.13 Provide sustainable alternative livelihoods; establish fish- or domestic meat farms
|Wildlife, Landscapes and Development for Conservation (WILD) (Masters 2008).
|Wildlife Conservation Society, Straight Talk Foundation, The United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
|2005-2008
|-
|7 Economic & other incentives
|7.1 Provide monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g., REDD, alternative income, employment)
|Through Investing in Forests and Protected Areas for Climate Smart Development (IFPA-CD) Project (Castren 2023).
|World Bank, Ministry of Water and Evironment (MWE), Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities (MTWA), Uganda Widlife Authority (UWA), National Forestry Authority (NFA)
|2021-Ongoing (2023)
|}

[[Conservation activities]]
= Challenges =

'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Mount Otzi Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Challenges-table"
!Challenges
!Specific challenges
!Source
!Year(s)
|-
|2 Resources and capacity
|2.2 Lack of staff
|Butynski & de Jong 2017
|2012-Ongoing (2017)
|-
|2 Resources and capacity
|2.3 General lack of funding
|Butynski & de Jong 2017
|Ongoing (2017)
|-
|2 Resources and capacity
|2.7 Lack of infrastructure
|Butynski & de Jong 2017
|Ongoing (2017)
|-
|6 Safety and stability
|6.2 Insecurity
|Butynski & de Jong 2017
|Ongoing (2017)
|-
|4 Institutional support
|4.1 Lack of law enforcement
|Butynski & de Jong 2017
|Ongoing (2017)
|-
|1 Site management
|1.3 Corruption
|Butynski & de Jong 2017
|Ongoing (2017)
|}

[[Challenges]]
= Enablers =

'''Table 6. Enablers reported for Mount Otzi Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="enabler-table"
!Enablers
!Specific enablers
!Source
!Year(s)
|-
|3 Engaged community
|3.6 Local community engagement and support
|NFA 2023
|Ongoing (2023)
|}

[[Enablers]]
= Research activities =

= Documented behaviours =

= Exposure to climate change impacts =

= External links =

= References =

BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: Mount Otzi Forest Reserve (Uganda). Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/mount-otzi-forest-reserve-iba-uganda on 25/11/2024. <br>
Butynski, T. M., & de Jong, Y. A. (2017). Biogeography, Taxonomy, Abundance, and Conservation Status of the Primates of Northeast Uganda and West Kenya. Unpublished report to National Geographic Society, Washington, DC. Website:< http://www. wildsolutions. nl. <br>
Byaruhanga, Kasoma & Pomeroy. (2001). Important Bird Areas in Africa and associated islands-Uganda. In Fishpool, L. D., & Evans, M. I. (Eds.), Important Bird Areas in Africa and associated islands: Priority sites for conservation (975-1003). Cambridge: Birdlife International. <br>
Castren, T. (2023). Uganda-Investment in Forests and Protected Areas for Climate-Smart Development Project. <br>
Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA). (2024) Key Biodiversity Areas factsheet: Mount Otzi Forest Reserve. Extracted from the World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas, https://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/site/factsheet/7063. Retrieved on 25th November, 2024 <br>
National Forest Authority, NFA. (2023). Getting to Know Uganda’s Diverse Forests. https://www.nfa.org.ug/. Retrieved on 26th November, 2024. <br>
Masters, E. (2008). A Tree Ethnobotany of the Madi sub-Region, Northern Uganda. <br>
Ministry of Water and Environment, MWE. (2021). Investment in Forests and Protected Areas for Climate Smart Development Project. Kampala, Uganda. <br>
USAID. (2015). Uganda Environmental Threats and Opportunities Assessment (ETOA). <br>

'''Page created by: '''Steven Joel Basiibye''' Date:''' 2024-11-25 20:14:00