Muong La Watershed Protection Forest - Revision history

WikiEdit at 20:29, 12 October 2026

2026-10-12T20:29:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:29, 12 October 2026
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	= Ape status =		= Ape status =

	The N. concolor population in Muong La Watershed Protection Forest was surveyed four times between 2000 and 2010, at the same time as surveys in Mu Cang Chai SHCA (Rawson et al. 2011). A 2010 survey recorded at least six gibbon groups and a minimum of 12 individuals, within a population of 20 groups including those in Mu Cang Chai SHCA (Le Trong Dat & Le Minh Phong 2010). This is significantly less than in 2008 (also six groups but with >17 individuals) and 2007 and 2006 (14 groups with >43 individuals), suggesting a decline (Rawson et al. 2011).		The N. concolor population in Muong La Watershed Protection Forest was surveyed four times between 2000 and 2010, at the same time as surveys in Mu Cang Chai SHCA ([[#R01350\|Rawson et al. 2011]]). A 2010 survey recorded at least six gibbon groups and a minimum of 12 individuals, within a population of 20 groups including those in Mu Cang Chai SHCA ([[#R01349\|Le Trong Dat & Le Minh Phong 2010]]). This is significantly less than in 2008 (also six groups but with >17 individuals) and 2007 and 2006 (14 groups with >43 individuals), suggesting a decline ([[#R01350\|Rawson et al. 2011]]).

	'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Muong La Watershed Protection Forest'''		'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Muong La Watershed Protection Forest'''
Line 64:		Line 64:
	\|Muong La Watershed Protection Forest		\|Muong La Watershed Protection Forest
	\|Fixed point triangulation		\|Fixed point triangulation
	\|Le Trong Dat & Le Minh Phong 2010		\|[[#R01349\|Le Trong Dat & Le Minh Phong 2010]]
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
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	= Threats =		= Threats =

	Hunting has been the main threat to gibbons at the site since the mid-2000s and it continues (Rawson et al. 2011). In January 2010 a hunter shot one male gibbon and sold it to a wildlife trader in Muong La Town for VND 1,800,000 (about US$ 90) and in September 2009, the same trader purchased two gibbon skins and skeletons from hunters (Le Trong Dat & Le Minh Phong 2010). The forest has been extensively logged for high value timber species such as ''Fokienia hodginsii'' both legally and illegally (Le Trong Dat & Le Minh Phong 2010). The watershed forest has also been cleared for agriculture and rubber plantations.		Hunting has been the main threat to gibbons at the site since the mid-2000s and it continues ([[#R01350\|Rawson et al. 2011]]). In January 2010 a hunter shot one male gibbon and sold it to a wildlife trader in Muong La Town for VND 1,800,000 (about US$ 90) and in September 2009, the same trader purchased two gibbon skins and skeletons from hunters ([[#R01349\|Le Trong Dat & Le Minh Phong 2010]]). The forest has been extensively logged for high value timber species such as ''Fokienia hodginsii'' both legally and illegally ([[#R01349\|Le Trong Dat & Le Minh Phong 2010]]). The watershed forest has also been cleared for agriculture and rubber plantations.

	Hydropower development has led to forest clearance in the inundation zone and displacement of communities, which have been resettled in forest areas, causing further forest loss for agriculture and home construction. In addition, due to a lack of productive agricultural land many displaced people have turned to illegal logging as an income source (Rawson et al. 2011).		Hydropower development has led to forest clearance in the inundation zone and displacement of communities, which have been resettled in forest areas, causing further forest loss for agriculture and home construction. In addition, due to a lack of productive agricultural land many displaced people have turned to illegal logging as an income source ([[#R01350\|Rawson et al. 2011]]).

	'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Muong La Watershed Protection Forest'''		'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Muong La Watershed Protection Forest'''
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	\|1.1 Residential areas		\|1.1 Residential areas
	\|High (more than 70% of population affected)		\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
	\|Housing construction due to displacement of communities due to dam construction (Rawson et al. 2011).		\|Housing construction due to displacement of communities due to dam construction ([[#R01350\|Rawson et al. 2011]]).
	\|Ongoing (2011)		\|Ongoing (2011)
	\|-		\|-
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	\|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops		\|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
	\|High (more than 70% of population affected)		\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
	\|Forest cleared for agriculture and rubber plantations (Rawson et al. 2011).		\|Forest cleared for agriculture and rubber plantations ([[#R01350\|Rawson et al. 2011]]).
	\|Ongoing (2011)		\|Ongoing (2011)
	\|-		\|-
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	\|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals		\|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
	\|High (more than 70% of population affected)		\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
	\|Hunting with guns (Le Trong Dat & Le Minh Phong 2010).		\|Hunting with guns ([[#R01349\|Le Trong Dat & Le Minh Phong 2010]]).
	\|Ongoing (2010)		\|Ongoing (2010)
	\|-		\|-
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	\|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting		\|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
	\|High (more than 70% of population affected)		\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
	\|Legal and illegal selective logging for ''Fokienia hodginsii'' and clearance for agriculture (Le Trong Dat & Le Minh Phong 2010).		\|Legal and illegal selective logging for ''Fokienia hodginsii'' and clearance for agriculture ([[#R01349\|Le Trong Dat & Le Minh Phong 2010]]).
	\|Ongoing (2010)		\|Ongoing (2010)
	\|-		\|-
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	\|7.2 Dams & water management/use		\|7.2 Dams & water management/use
	\|High (more than 70% of population affected)		\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
	\|Hydropower development has led to forest clearance in the inundation zone and displacement of communities, ultimately negatively impacting gibbon habitat (Rawson et al. 2011).		\|Hydropower development has led to forest clearance in the inundation zone and displacement of communities, ultimately negatively impacting gibbon habitat ([[#R01350\|Rawson et al. 2011]]).
	\|Ongoing (2011)		\|Ongoing (2011)
	\|}		\|}
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	= Conservation activities =		= Conservation activities =

	FFI established a community-based gibbon monitoring group in Muong La in 2004, similar to the model in Mu Cang Chai. These patrols continued until 2007 due to the end of project funding. In 2005, a gun confiscation and awareness campaign was conducted (1,800 guns were confiscated). The results of the gibbon survey in 2006 seemed to indicate that these conservation interventions were successful, although why it should be so with less intervention than in Mu Cang Chai remains unclear (Swan unpublished data; Rawson et al. 2011). A steep decline then appears to have occurred from 2007 when patrolling ceased and increased migration to the area occurred due to the hydropower development. The patrol group was re-established by FFI in 2010, but pressures remain high (Rawson et al. 2011).		FFI established a community-based gibbon monitoring group in Muong La in 2004, similar to the model in Mu Cang Chai. These patrols continued until 2007 due to the end of project funding. In 2005, a gun confiscation and awareness campaign was conducted (1,800 guns were confiscated). The results of the gibbon survey in 2006 seemed to indicate that these conservation interventions were successful, although why it should be so with less intervention than in Mu Cang Chai remains unclear (Swan unpublished data; [[#R01350\|Rawson et al. 2011]]). A steep decline then appears to have occurred from 2007 when patrolling ceased and increased migration to the area occurred due to the hydropower development. The patrol group was re-established by FFI in 2010, but pressures remain high ([[#R01350\|Rawson et al. 2011]]).

	'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Muong La Watershed Protection Forest'''		'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Muong La Watershed Protection Forest'''
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	\|2 Counter-wildlife crime		\|2 Counter-wildlife crime
	\|2.12 Implement community control of patrolling, banning hunting and removing snares		\|2.12 Implement community control of patrolling, banning hunting and removing snares
	\|Community-based patrol (Rawson et al. 2011).		\|Community-based patrol ([[#R01350\|Rawson et al. 2011]]).
	\|		\|
	\|Ongoing (2011)		\|Ongoing (2011)
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	\|4 Institutional support		\|4 Institutional support
	\|4.1 Lack of law enforcement		\|4.1 Lack of law enforcement
	\|Rawson et al. 2011		\|[[#R01350\|Rawson et al. 2011]]
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}
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	= References =		= References =

	Le ~~Trong Dat~~, ~~and~~ Le ~~Minh Phong~~. 2010. 2010 census of western black crested gibbon Nomascus concolor in Mu Cang Chai Species/Habitat Conservation Area (Yen Bai Province) and adjacent forests in Muong La District (Son La Province). Fauna & Flora International Vietnam Programme~~, Hanoi, Vietnam~~.		<span id="R01349"></span>Le, T. D., & Le, M. P. (2010). 2010 census of western black crested gibbon Nomascus concolor in Mu Cang Chai Species/Habitat Conservation Area (Yen Bai Province) and adjacent forests in Muong La District (Son La Province). Hanoi, Vietnam: Fauna & Flora International Vietnam Programme.

	Rawson, B. M, Insua-Cao, P., Nguyen ~~Manh Ha~~, Van ~~Ngoc Thinh~~, Hoang ~~Minh Duc~~, Mahood, S., ~~Geissmann~~, ~~T. and~~ Roos, C. 2011. The Conservation Status of Gibbons in Vietnam. Fauna & Flora International/Conservation International~~, Hanoi, Vietnam~~.		<span id="R01350"></span>Rawson, B. M., Insua-Cao, P., Nguyen, M. H., Van, N. T., Hoang, M. D., Mahood, S., …, & Roos, C. (2011). The Conservation Status of Gibbons in Vietnam. Hanoi, Viet Nam: Fauna & Flora International (FFI) and Conservation International. [http://www.gibbons.de/main/books/2011gibbons-vietnam.pdf link]



	'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2023-04-17		'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2023-04-17

WikiEdit at 14:48, 1 September 2026

2026-09-01T14:48:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:48, 1 September 2026
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	= References =		= References =

			Le Trong Dat, and Le Minh Phong. 2010. 2010 census of western black crested gibbon Nomascus concolor in Mu Cang Chai Species/Habitat Conservation Area (Yen Bai Province) and adjacent forests in Muong La District (Son La Province). Fauna & Flora International Vietnam Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam.

	Rawson, B. M, Insua-Cao, P., Nguyen Manh Ha, Van Ngoc Thinh, Hoang Minh Duc, Mahood, S., Geissmann, T. and Roos, C. 2011. The Conservation Status of Gibbons in Vietnam. Fauna & Flora International/Conservation International, Hanoi, Vietnam.		Rawson, B. M, Insua-Cao, P., Nguyen Manh Ha, Van Ngoc Thinh, Hoang Minh Duc, Mahood, S., Geissmann, T. and Roos, C. 2011. The Conservation Status of Gibbons in Vietnam. Fauna & Flora International/Conservation International, Hanoi, Vietnam.

	Le Trong Dat, and Le Minh Phong. 2010. 2010 census of western black crested gibbon Nomascus concolor in Mu Cang Chai Species/Habitat Conservation Area (Yen Bai Province) and adjacent forests in Muong La District (Son La Province). Fauna & Flora International Vietnam Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam.



	'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2023-04-17		'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2023-04-17

WikiEdit at 14:47, 25 March 2026

2026-03-25T14:47:02Z

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 * Key threats to  gibbons are hunting, and habitat encroachment and degradation.
 * Conservation activities have focused on gun confiscation and community-based patrols supported by FFI.
 = Site characteristics =
@@ Line 87: / Line 83: @@
 !Description
 !Year of threat
 |-
 |5 Biological resource use
@@ Line 99: / Line 107: @@
 |Legal and illegal selective logging for ''Fokienia hodginsii'' and clearance for agriculture (Le Trong Dat & Le Minh Phong 2010).
 |Ongoing (2010)
 |-
 |7 Natural system modifications

WikiEdit at 06:53, 6 November 2025

2025-11-06T06:53:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:53, 6 November 2025
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	\|		\|
	\|6		\|6
	\|12		\|12.0
	\|Muong La Watershed Protection Forest		\|Muong La Watershed Protection Forest
	\|Fixed point triangulation		\|Fixed point triangulation

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[[Asia]] > [[Vietnam]] > [[Muong La Watershed Protection Forest]]

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__TOC__
= Summary =

<div style='float: right'>{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers=OpenStreetMap,OpenTopoMap|21.557566, 104.069738~[[Muong La Watershed Protection Forest]]~''Nomascus concolor''}}</div>
* Western black crested gibbons (''Nomascus concolor'') are present in Muong La Watershed Protection Forest.
* A minimum population of 6 groups was confirmed in 2010.
* The gibbon population trend is decreasing.
* The site has a total size of 30 km².
* Key threats to gibbons are hunting, and habitat encroachment and degradation.
* Conservation activities have focused on gun confiscation and community-based patrols supported by FFI.

= Site characteristics =

The site is located in Muong La District, Son La Province, Vietnam.

'''Table 1. Basic site information for Muong La Watershed Protection Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
|Species
|''Nomascus concolor''
|-
|Area
|30 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|Lat: 21.557566 , Lon: 104.069738
|-
|Type of site
|Protected area
|-
|Habitat types
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
|-
|Type of governance
|
|}

[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]
= Ape status =

The N. concolor population in Muong La Watershed Protection Forest was surveyed four times between 2000 and 2010, at the same time as surveys in Mu Cang Chai SHCA (Rawson et al. 2011). A 2010 survey recorded at least six gibbon groups and a minimum of 12 individuals, within a population of 20 groups including those in Mu Cang Chai SHCA (Le Trong Dat & Le Minh Phong 2010). This is significantly less than in 2008 (also six groups but with >17 individuals) and 2007 and 2006 (14 groups with >43 individuals), suggesting a decline (Rawson et al. 2011).

'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Muong La Watershed Protection Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Ape_status-table"
!Species
!Year
!Total number groups (95% CI)
!Density [groups/km²] (95% CI)
!Total number indiv. (95% CI)
!Area
!Method
!Source
!Comments
!A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Nomascus concolor''
|2010
|
|6
|12
|Muong La Watershed Protection Forest
|Fixed point triangulation
|Le Trong Dat & Le Minh Phong 2010
|
|
|}

[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]
= Threats =

Hunting has been the main threat to gibbons at the site since the mid-2000s and it continues (Rawson et al. 2011). In January 2010 a hunter shot one male gibbon and sold it to a wildlife trader in Muong La Town for VND 1,800,000 (about US$ 90) and in September 2009, the same trader purchased two gibbon skins and skeletons from hunters (Le Trong Dat & Le Minh Phong 2010). The forest has been extensively logged for high value timber species such as ''Fokienia hodginsii'' both legally and illegally (Le Trong Dat & Le Minh Phong 2010). The watershed forest has also been cleared for agriculture and rubber plantations.

Hydropower development has led to forest clearance in the inundation zone and displacement of communities, which have been resettled in forest areas, causing further forest loss for agriculture and home construction. In addition, due to a lack of productive agricultural land many displaced people have turned to illegal logging as an income source (Rawson et al. 2011).

'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Muong La Watershed Protection Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Threats-table"
!Category
!Specific threats
!Threat level
!Description
!Year of threat
|-
|5 Biological resource use
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|Hunting with guns (Le Trong Dat & Le Minh Phong 2010).
|Ongoing (2010)
|-
|5 Biological resource use
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|Legal and illegal selective logging for ''Fokienia hodginsii'' and clearance for agriculture (Le Trong Dat & Le Minh Phong 2010).
|Ongoing (2010)
|-
|1 Residential & commercial development
|1.1 Residential areas
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|Housing construction due to displacement of communities due to dam construction (Rawson et al. 2011).
|Ongoing (2011)
|-
|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|Forest cleared for agriculture and rubber plantations (Rawson et al. 2011).
|Ongoing (2011)
|-
|7 Natural system modifications
|7.2 Dams & water management/use
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|Hydropower development has led to forest clearance in the inundation zone and displacement of communities, ultimately negatively impacting gibbon habitat (Rawson et al. 2011).
|Ongoing (2011)
|}

[[Threats]]
= Conservation activities =

FFI established a community-based gibbon monitoring group in Muong La in 2004, similar to the model in Mu Cang Chai. These patrols continued until 2007 due to the end of project funding. In 2005, a gun confiscation and awareness campaign was conducted (1,800 guns were confiscated). The results of the gibbon survey in 2006 seemed to indicate that these conservation interventions were successful, although why it should be so with less intervention than in Mu Cang Chai remains unclear (Swan unpublished data; Rawson et al. 2011). A steep decline then appears to have occurred from 2007 when patrolling ceased and increased migration to the area occurred due to the hydropower development. The patrol group was re-established by FFI in 2010, but pressures remain high (Rawson et al. 2011).

'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Muong La Watershed Protection Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Conservation_activities-table"
!Category
!Specific activity
!Description
!Implementing organization(s)
!Year of activity
|-
|2 Counter-wildlife crime
|2.12 Implement community control of patrolling, banning hunting and removing snares
|Community-based patrol (Rawson et al. 2011).
|
|Ongoing (2011)
|-
|5 Protection & restoration
|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
|
|
|Ongoing (2011)
|}

[[Conservation activities]]
= Challenges =

'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Muong La Watershed Protection Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Challenges-table"
!Challenges
!Specific challenges
!Source
!Year(s)
|-
|4 Institutional support
|4.1 Lack of law enforcement
|Rawson et al. 2011
|
|}

[[Challenges]]
= Enablers =

'''Table 6. Enablers reported for Muong La Watershed Protection Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="enabler-table"
!Enablers
!Specific enablers
!Source
!Year(s)
|-
|1 Site management
|
|
|
|-
|2 Resources and capacity
|
|
|
|-
|3 Engaged community
|
|
|
|-
|4 Institutional support
|
|
|
|-
|5 Ecological context
|
|
|
|-
|6 Safety and stability
|
|
|
|}

[[Enablers]]
= Research activities =

= Documented behaviours =

'''Table 7. Behaviours documented for Muong La Watershed Protection Forest'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviours-table"
!Category
!Behavior
!Observation type
!Prevalence
!Observation dates
!Source
!Habituation
!Species
!Comment
|-
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

[[Behaviours]]
= Exposure to climate change impacts =

= External links =

[https://www.fauna-flora.org/app/uploads/old-images/2010-MCC-ML-Gibbon-census-report_EN.pdf]

= References =

Rawson, B. M, Insua-Cao, P., Nguyen Manh Ha, Van Ngoc Thinh, Hoang Minh Duc, Mahood, S., Geissmann, T. and Roos, C. 2011. The Conservation Status of Gibbons in Vietnam. Fauna & Flora International/Conservation International, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Le Trong Dat, and Le Minh Phong. 2010. 2010 census of western black crested gibbon Nomascus concolor in Mu Cang Chai Species/Habitat Conservation Area (Yen Bai Province) and adjacent forests in Muong La District (Son La Province). Fauna & Flora International Vietnam Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam.

'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2023-04-17