Nyungwe National Park - Revision history

WikiEdit at 21:54, 15 October 2026

2026-10-15T21:54:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:54, 15 October 2026
Line 490:		Line 490:
	<span id="R02095"></span>Scholte, P., Rugerinyange, L., Bizimungu, F., & Ruzigandekwe, F. (2010). Reaching consensus: Impact of the liana Sericostachys scandens on forest dynamics in Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda. Oryx, 44(3), 325–326. [https://doi.org/10.1017/s003060531000061x doi:10.1017/s003060531000061x]		<span id="R02095"></span>Scholte, P., Rugerinyange, L., Bizimungu, F., & Ruzigandekwe, F. (2010). Reaching consensus: Impact of the liana Sericostachys scandens on forest dynamics in Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda. Oryx, 44(3), 325–326. [https://doi.org/10.1017/s003060531000061x doi:10.1017/s003060531000061x]

	<span id="R02289"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~1-19~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02289"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

	<span id="R02050"></span>Nyungwe Forest National Park. https://www.nyungweforest.com/		<span id="R02050"></span>Nyungwe Forest National Park. https://www.nyungweforest.com/

WikiEdit at 14:35, 15 October 2026

2026-10-15T14:35:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:35, 15 October 2026
Line 480:		Line 480:
	<span id="R01443"></span>Matthews, J. K., Ridley, A., Kaplin, B. A., & Grueter, C. C. (2021). Ecological and reproductive drivers of fission-fusion dynamics in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) inhabiting a montane forest. ''Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology'', 75(1), 23. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-020-02964-4 doi:10.1007/s00265-020-02964-4]		<span id="R01443"></span>Matthews, J. K., Ridley, A., Kaplin, B. A., & Grueter, C. C. (2021). Ecological and reproductive drivers of fission-fusion dynamics in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) inhabiting a montane forest. ''Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology'', 75(1), 23. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-020-02964-4 doi:10.1007/s00265-020-02964-4]

	<span id="R01444"></span>Moore, J. F., Mulindahabi, F., Gatorano, G., Niyigaba, P., Ndikubwimana, I., Cipolletta, C., & Masozera, M. K. (2018). Shifting through the forest: home range, movement patterns, and diet of the eastern chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda. ''American Journal of Primatology'', 80(8). [https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22897 doi:10.1002/ajp.22897]		<span id="R01444"></span>Moore, J. F., Mulindahabi, F., Gatorano, G., Niyigaba, P., Ndikubwimana, I., Cipolletta, C., & Masozera, M. K. (2018). Shifting through the forest: home range, movement patterns, and diet of the eastern chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda. ''American Journal of Primatology'', 80(8), e22897. [https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22897 doi:10.1002/ajp.22897]

	<span id="R01445"></span>Plumptre, A. J., Masozera, M., Fashing, P. J., McNeilage, A., Ewango, C., Kaplin, B. A., & Liengola, I. (2002). Biodiversity Surveys of the Nyungwe Forest Reserve In S.W. Rwanda.WCS Working Paper No. 19. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120604053800/http://anthro.fullerton.edu/pfashing/publications/Biodiversity_surveys.pdf link]		<span id="R01445"></span>Plumptre, A. J., Masozera, M., Fashing, P. J., McNeilage, A., Ewango, C., Kaplin, B. A., & Liengola, I. (2002). Biodiversity Surveys of the Nyungwe Forest Reserve In S.W. Rwanda.WCS Working Paper No. 19. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120604053800/http://anthro.fullerton.edu/pfashing/publications/Biodiversity_surveys.pdf link]
Line 490:		Line 490:
	<span id="R02095"></span>Scholte, P., Rugerinyange, L., Bizimungu, F., & Ruzigandekwe, F. (2010). Reaching consensus: Impact of the liana Sericostachys scandens on forest dynamics in Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda. Oryx, 44(3), 325–326. [https://doi.org/10.1017/s003060531000061x doi:10.1017/s003060531000061x]		<span id="R02095"></span>Scholte, P., Rugerinyange, L., Bizimungu, F., & Ruzigandekwe, F. (2010). Reaching consensus: Impact of the liana Sericostachys scandens on forest dynamics in Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda. Oryx, 44(3), 325–326. [https://doi.org/10.1017/s003060531000061x doi:10.1017/s003060531000061x]

	<span id="R02289"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~e0000345~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02289"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

	<span id="R02050"></span>Nyungwe Forest National Park. https://www.nyungweforest.com/		<span id="R02050"></span>Nyungwe Forest National Park. https://www.nyungweforest.com/

WikiEdit at 19:11, 14 October 2026

2026-10-14T19:11:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:11, 14 October 2026
Line 488:		Line 488:
	<span id="R01447"></span>UNESCO World Heritage Centre. (2023). Decision: 45 COM 8B.26. Retrieved April 9, 2025, from https://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/8407/		<span id="R01447"></span>UNESCO World Heritage Centre. (2023). Decision: 45 COM 8B.26. Retrieved April 9, 2025, from https://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/8407/

	<span id="R02095"></span>Scholte, P., Rugerinyange, L., Bizimungu, F., & Ruzigandekwe, F. (2010). Reaching consensus: Impact of the liana Sericostachys scandens on forest dynamics in Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda. Oryx, 44(3), 325–326.		<span id="R02095"></span>Scholte, P., Rugerinyange, L., Bizimungu, F., & Ruzigandekwe, F. (2010). Reaching consensus: Impact of the liana Sericostachys scandens on forest dynamics in Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda. Oryx, 44(3), 325–326. [https://doi.org/10.1017/s003060531000061x doi:10.1017/s003060531000061x]

	<span id="R02289"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02289"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

WikiEdit at 20:30, 12 October 2026

2026-10-12T20:30:10Z

Show changes

WikiEdit at 12:18, 3 September 2026

2026-09-03T12:18:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:18, 3 September 2026
Line 337:		Line 337:
	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. ~~subm.~~ extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (~~see~~ Kiribou et al. ~~subm. for details~~).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Nyungwe National Park'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Nyungwe National Park'''

WikiEdit at 14:49, 1 September 2026

2026-09-01T14:49:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:49, 1 September 2026
Line 466:		Line 466:
	= References =		= References =

	~~Green, S. J., Boruff, B. J., Bonnell, T. R., & Grueter, C. C. (2020). Chimpanzees use least-cost routes to outof-sight goals. Current Biology, 30(22), 4528-4533. e4525. <br>~~		Green, S. J., Boruff, B. J., & Grueter, C. C. (2020). From ridge tops to ravines: Landscape drivers of chimpanzee ranging patterns. Animal Behaviour, 163, 51–60. <br>
	Green, S. J., Boruff, B. J., & Grueter, C. C. (2020). From ridge tops to ravines: ~~landscape~~ drivers of chimpanzee ranging patterns. Animal Behaviour, 163, ~~51-60. <br>~~
	Green, S. J., Boruff, B. J., Niyigaba, P., Ndikubwimana, I., & Grueter, C. C. (2020). Chimpanzee ranging responses to fruit availability in a high‐elevation environment. American Journal of Primatology, 82(5),
	~~e23119. <br>~~
	~~Grueter, C. C., Ridley, A. R., Kaplin, B. A., & Matthews, J. K. (2023). Association patterns in a high-elevation chimpanzee community in Rwanda. Ethology Ecology & Evolution 35 (5), 669-685 <br>~~
	Matthews, J. K., Ridley, A., Kaplin, B. A., & Grueter, C. C. (2020). A comparison of fecal sampling and direct feeding observations for quantifying the diet of a frugivorous primate. Current Zoology, 66(4), 333-343. <br>
	Matthews, J. K., Ridley, A., Kaplin, B. A., & Grueter, C. C. (2021). Ecological and reproductive drivers of fission-fusion dynamics in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) inhabiting a montane forest.
	~~Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 75, 23. <br>~~
	Matthews, J. K., Ridley, A. R., Niyigaba, P., Kaplin, B. A., & Grueter, C. C. (2019). Chimpanzee feeding ecology and fallback food use in the montane forest of Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda. American Journal
	~~of Primatology, 81(4), e22971. <br>~~
	Moore, J.F., Mulindahabi, F., Gatorano, G., et al. (2018). Shifting through the forest: Home range, movement patterns, and diet of the eastern chimpanzee (''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii'') in Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda. Am J Primatol, 80:e22897. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22897 <br>
	Plumptre, A. J., Masozera, M., Fashing, P. J., McNeilage, A., Ewango, C., Kaplin, B. A., & Liengola, I. (2002). Biodiversity surveys of the Nyungwe Forest Reserve in S.W. Rwanda (WCS Working Paper No. 18). Wildlife Conservation Society. http://www.wcs.org/science/ <br>
	Plumptre, A., Rose Nangendo, G., Williamson, E., Didier, K., Hart, J., Mulindahabi, F., …Bennett, E. (2010). Eastern Chimpanzee (''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''): Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan 2010-2020 (p. 52). Gland,Switzerland. Retrieved from https://portals.iucn.org/library/efiles/documents/2010-023.pdf <br>
	~~UNESCO World Heritage Centre. (2023). Decision: 45 COM 8B.26. Retrieved April 9, 2025, from https://whc.unesco~~.~~org/en/decisions/8407/~~ <br>

			Green, S. J., Boruff, B. J., Bonnell, T. R., & Grueter, C. C. (2020). Chimpanzees use least-cost routes to out-of-sight goals. Current Biology, 30(22), 4528–4533.e4525. <br>

			Green, S. J., Boruff, B. J., Niyigaba, P., Ndikubwimana, I., & Grueter, C. C. (2020). Chimpanzee ranging responses to fruit availability in a high-elevation environment. American Journal of Primatology, 82(5), e23119. <br>

			Grueter, C. C., Ridley, A. R., Kaplin, B. A., & Matthews, J. K. (2023). Association patterns in a high-elevation chimpanzee community in Rwanda. Ethology Ecology & Evolution, 35(5), 669–685. <br>

			Matthews, J. K., Ridley, A., Kaplin, B. A., & Grueter, C. C. (2019). Chimpanzee feeding ecology and fallback food use in the montane forest of Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda. American Journal of Primatology, 81(4), e22971. <br>

			Matthews, J. K., Ridley, A., Kaplin, B. A., & Grueter, C. C. (2020). A comparison of fecal sampling and direct feeding observations for quantifying the diet of a frugivorous primate. Current Zoology, 66(4), 333–343. <br>

			Matthews, J. K., Ridley, A., Kaplin, B. A., & Grueter, C. C. (2021). Ecological and reproductive drivers of fission-fusion dynamics in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) inhabiting a montane forest. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 75, 23. <br>

			Moore, J. F., Mulindahabi, F., Gatorano, G., et al. (2018). Shifting through the forest: Home range, movement patterns, and diet of the eastern chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda. American Journal of Primatology, 80, e22897. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22897 <br>

			Plumptre, A. J., Masozera, M., Fashing, P. J., McNeilage, A., Ewango, C., Kaplin, B. A., & Liengola, I. (2002). Biodiversity surveys of the Nyungwe Forest Reserve in S.W. Rwanda (WCS Working Paper No. 18). Wildlife Conservation Society. http://www.wcs.org/science/ <br>

			Plumptre, A., Rose Nangendo, G., Williamson, E., Didier, K., Hart, J., Mulindahabi, F., … Bennett, E. (2010). Eastern chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii): Status survey and conservation action plan 2010–2020. IUCN. https://portals.iucn.org/library/efiles/documents/2010-023.pdf <br>

			UNESCO World Heritage Centre. (2023). Decision: 45 COM 8B.26. Retrieved April 9, 2025, from https://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/8407/ <br>

WikiEdit at 14:47, 25 March 2026

2026-03-25T14:47:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:47, 25 March 2026
Line 13:		Line 13:
	* Key threats to chimpanzees are illegal mining and hunting, and fires.		* Key threats to chimpanzees are illegal mining and hunting, and fires.
	* Conservation activities have focused on running ecotourism projects.		* Conservation activities have focused on running ecotourism projects.





	<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: Landscape_NyungweNP_copyright_Cyril_Grueter.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| Nyungwe National Park view © Cyril Grueter]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: Fieldwork_NyungweNP_copyright_Cyril_Grueter.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| Nyungwe National Park © Cyril Grueter]] </li></ul></div>		<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: Landscape_NyungweNP_copyright_Cyril_Grueter.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| Nyungwe National Park view © Cyril Grueter]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: Fieldwork_NyungweNP_copyright_Cyril_Grueter.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| Nyungwe National Park © Cyril Grueter]] </li></ul></div>
Line 105:		Line 101:
	!Description		!Description
	!Year of threat		!Year of threat
			\|-
			\|1 Residential & commercial development
			\|1.3 Tourism & recreation areas
			\|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
			\|The development of new hiking trails in recent years has expanded opportunities for tourism, offering potential benefits such as revenue generation, diversified visitor experiences, and improved monitoring. However, the expansion of trail networks may also increase the likelihood of poaching-related threats (Moore et al., 2018).
			\|Ongoing (2018)
	\|-		\|-
	\|3 Energy production & mining		\|3 Energy production & mining
Line 118:		Line 120:
	\|2002-Ongoing (2025)		\|2002-Ongoing (2025)
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases~~		\|5 Biological resource use
	\|8.1 ~~Invasive non-native~~/~~alien species~~		\|5.1.5 Persecution/human wildlife conflict
	\|Low (up to 30% of population affected)		\|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
	\|A potential threat to Nyungwe’s ecological balance is ''Sericostachys'', a fast-spreading, pest-like liana that has become increasingly common in degraded montane forests across the Albertine Rift. This species may disrupt ecosystem functioning by contributing to tree mortality and hindering regeneration. Fortunately, ''Sericostachys'' appears to be less prevalent in ~~undisturbed~~ areas ~~of Nyungwe~~. ~~According to the conclusions of a workshop on the species (Scholte et al~~., ~~2010~~), it is ~~unlikely~~ to ~~pose a serious threat to the ecosystem. Nonetheless, its impact on forest dynamics should continue to be monitored,~~ and ~~evidence-based management interventions considered if needed, particularly given its multiyear life cycle~~ (Grueter pers. comm. 2025).		\|Chimpanzees occasionally enter agricultural fields in certain areas (e.g., Mayebe/Banda), where they feed on crops such as sugarcane. A compensation scheme is in place to mitigate these conflicts and reduce retaliatory actions (Grueter pers. comm. 2025).
	\|~~2010-~~Ongoing (2025)		\|Ongoing (2025)
	\|-		\|-
	\|7 Natural system modifications		\|7 Natural system modifications
Line 130:		Line 132:
	\|Ongoing (2002)		\|Ongoing (2002)
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~1 Residential~~ & ~~commercial development~~		\|8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases
	\|1~~.3 Tourism & recreation areas~~		\|8.1 Invasive non-native/alien species
	\|Low (up to 30% of population affected)		\|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
	\|~~The development of new hiking trails in recent years has expanded opportunities for tourism, offering~~ potential ~~benefits such as revenue generation~~, ~~diversified visitor experiences~~, and ~~improved monitoring~~. ~~However~~, the ~~expansion~~ of ~~trail networks may also increase~~ the ~~likelihood of poaching-related threats~~ (~~Moore~~ et al., ~~2018~~).		\|A potential threat to Nyungwe’s ecological balance is ''Sericostachys'', a fast-spreading, pest-like liana that has become increasingly common in degraded montane forests across the Albertine Rift. This species may disrupt ecosystem functioning by contributing to tree mortality and hindering regeneration. Fortunately, ''Sericostachys'' appears to be less prevalent in undisturbed areas of Nyungwe. According to the conclusions of a workshop on the species (Scholte et al., 2010), it is unlikely to pose a serious threat to the ecosystem. Nonetheless, its impact on forest dynamics should continue to be monitored, and evidence-based management interventions considered if needed, particularly given its multiyear life cycle (Grueter pers. comm. 2025).
	~~\|Ongoing (2018)~~		\|2010-Ongoing (2025)
	\|-
	~~\|5 Biological resource use~~
	~~\|5.1.5 Persecution/human wildlife conflict~~
	~~\|Low (up~~ to ~~30% of population affected)~~
	~~\|Chimpanzees occasionally enter agricultural fields in certain areas (e.g~~., ~~Mayebe/Banda), where they feed~~ on ~~crops such as sugarcane. A compensation scheme is in place~~ to ~~mitigate these conflicts~~ and ~~reduce retaliatory actions~~ (Grueter pers. comm. 2025).
	\|Ongoing (2025)
	\|}		\|}

WikiEdit at 07:30, 4 February 2026

2026-02-04T07:30:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:30, 4 February 2026
Line 197:		Line 197:
	\|The site was declared a National Park in 2004.		\|The site was declared a National Park in 2004.
	\|		\|
	\|2004-Ongoing (~~2025~~)		\|2004-Ongoing (2026)
	\|-		\|-
	\|6 Species management		\|6 Species management

WikiEdit at 14:31, 23 December 2025

2025-12-23T14:31:34Z

@@ Line 156: / Line 156: @@
 !Implementing organization(s)
 !Year of activity
 |-
 |2 Counter-wildlife crime
@@ Line 204: / Line 192: @@
+|
 |Ongoing (2025)
 |-
 |6 Species management
@@ Line 222: / Line 216: @@
+|
 |Ongoing (2025)
 |-
 |8 Permanent presence

WikiEdit at 07:09, 6 November 2025

2025-11-06T07:09:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:09, 6 November 2025
Line 458:		Line 458:


	<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Nyungwe.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly ~~inNyungwe~~ National Park]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Nyungwe.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly ~~inNyungwe~~ National Park]] </li></ul></div>		<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Nyungwe.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly in Nyungwe National Park]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Nyungwe.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly in Nyungwe National Park]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =