Oba Hills Forest Reserve - Revision history

WikiEdit at 21:54, 15 October 2026

2026-10-15T21:54:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:54, 15 October 2026
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	<span id="R01451"></span>Wahab, M.K.A. (2016). Wildlife Environmental Conservation: A Case Study of Oba Hill Forest Reserve. J Ecosys Ecograph, 6(214). doi: 10.4172/2157-7625.1000214		<span id="R01451"></span>Wahab, M.K.A. (2016). Wildlife Environmental Conservation: A Case Study of Oba Hill Forest Reserve. J Ecosys Ecograph, 6(214). doi: 10.4172/2157-7625.1000214

	<span id="R02290"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~1-19~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02290"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]



	'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2020-11-15		'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2020-11-15

WikiEdit at 14:35, 15 October 2026

2026-10-15T14:35:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:35, 15 October 2026
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	<span id="R01451"></span>Wahab, M.K.A. (2016). Wildlife Environmental Conservation: A Case Study of Oba Hill Forest Reserve. J Ecosys Ecograph, 6(214). doi: 10.4172/2157-7625.1000214		<span id="R01451"></span>Wahab, M.K.A. (2016). Wildlife Environmental Conservation: A Case Study of Oba Hill Forest Reserve. J Ecosys Ecograph, 6(214). doi: 10.4172/2157-7625.1000214

	<span id="R02290"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~e0000345~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02290"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]



	'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2020-11-15		'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2020-11-15

WikiEdit at 20:30, 12 October 2026

2026-10-12T20:30:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:30, 12 October 2026
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	= Ape status =		= Ape status =

	Based on a survey in 2006, chimpanzees are likely to be extinct or nearly extinct in the area (Greengrass 2006). Only a chimpanzee-like vocalization was heard during the survey (Greengrass 2009). The last time local people reported seeing chimpanzees was in 2002 (Greengrass 2006), and in 1999 a dead chimpanzee was offered for sale in a nearby market (Oates et al. 2003 in Kormos et al. 2003).		Based on a survey in 2006, chimpanzees are likely to be extinct or nearly extinct in the area ([[#R01448\|Greengrass 2006]]). Only a chimpanzee-like vocalization was heard during the survey ([[#R01449\|Greengrass 2009]]). The last time local people reported seeing chimpanzees was in 2002 ([[#R01448\|Greengrass 2006]]), and in 1999 a dead chimpanzee was offered for sale in a nearby market (Oates et al. 2003 in [[#R01450\|Kormos et al. 2003]]).

	'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Oba Hills Forest Reserve'''		'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Oba Hills Forest Reserve'''
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	\|Interviews, Reconnaissance walk		\|Interviews, Reconnaissance walk
	\|		\|
	\|Greengrass 2006		\|[[#R01448\|Greengrass 2006]]
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
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	= Threats =		= Threats =

	Taungya farming has spread throughout the bottom of the hills, and also halfway up the slopes (Greengrass 2006). In 2006, the hills were also being deforested and logged; scrubby vegetation growing back on the hills was frequently burnt, thus preventing regeneration (Greengrass 2006). In the western part of Oba Hills, there was once a large teak plantation, covering 12% of the total area, but since the plantation has been over-exploited, only coppices remain (Greengrass 2006).		Taungya farming has spread throughout the bottom of the hills, and also halfway up the slopes ([[#R01448\|Greengrass 2006]]). In 2006, the hills were also being deforested and logged; scrubby vegetation growing back on the hills was frequently burnt, thus preventing regeneration ([[#R01448\|Greengrass 2006]]). In the western part of Oba Hills, there was once a large teak plantation, covering 12% of the total area, but since the plantation has been over-exploited, only coppices remain ([[#R01448\|Greengrass 2006]]).

	'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Oba Hills Forest Reserve'''		'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Oba Hills Forest Reserve'''
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	\|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops		\|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
	\|High (more than 70% of population affected)		\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
	\|All the land surrounding the three hills is subject to taungya farming, and the hills are being deforested; barely any forest is left (Greengrass 2006).		\|All the land surrounding the three hills is subject to taungya farming, and the hills are being deforested; barely any forest is left ([[#R01448\|Greengrass 2006]]).
	\|Ongoing (2006)		\|Ongoing (2006)
	\|-		\|-
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	\|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals		\|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
	\|High (more than 70% of population affected)		\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
	\|The chimpanzee population has been hunted likely to the point of extirpation; hunting of other species (e.g., duikers) continues (Greengrass 2006, Wahab 2016).		\|The chimpanzee population has been hunted likely to the point of extirpation; hunting of other species (e.g., duikers) continues ([[#R01448\|Greengrass 2006]], [[#R01451\|Wahab 2016]]).
	\|2006-Ongoing (2016)		\|2006-Ongoing (2016)
	\|-		\|-
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	\|7.1 Fire & fire suppression		\|7.1 Fire & fire suppression
	\|High (more than 70% of population affected)		\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
	\|Repeated anthropogenic bush fires in the core of the reserve (Wahab 2016).		\|Repeated anthropogenic bush fires in the core of the reserve ([[#R01451\|Wahab 2016]]).
	\|Ongoing (2016)		\|Ongoing (2016)
	\|}		\|}
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	\|5 Protection & restoration		\|5 Protection & restoration
	\|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat		\|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
	\|The forest reserve was established in 1955 (Wahab 2016).		\|The forest reserve was established in 1955 ([[#R01451\|Wahab 2016]]).
	\|		\|
	\|1955-Ongoing (2026)		\|1955-Ongoing (2026)
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	\|1 Site management		\|1 Site management
	\|1.3 Corruption		\|1.3 Corruption
	\|Greengrass 2006		\|[[#R01448\|Greengrass 2006]]
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|2 Resources and capacity		\|2 Resources and capacity
	\|2.3 General lack of funding		\|2.3 General lack of funding
	\|Greengrass 2006		\|[[#R01448\|Greengrass 2006]]
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|4 Institutional support		\|4 Institutional support
	\|4.1 Lack of law enforcement		\|4.1 Lack of law enforcement
	\|Greengrass 2006		\|[[#R01448\|Greengrass 2006]]
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}
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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, [[#R02290\|Kiribou et al. (2024)]] extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated ([[#R02290\|Kiribou et al. 2024]]).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Oba Hills Forest Reserve'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Oba Hills Forest Reserve'''
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	= References =		= References =

	Greengrass, E.J. (2006). A survey of chimpanzees in south-west Nigeria. Report to the NCF-WCS Biodiversity Research Programme.		<span id="R01448"></span>Greengrass, E.J. (2006). A survey of chimpanzees in south-west Nigeria. Report to the NCF-WCS Biodiversity Research Programme. [http://cameroun-foret.com/system/files/18_13_132.pdf link]

	Greengrass, E.J. (2009). Chimpanzees are ~~close~~ to ~~extinction~~ in Southwest Nigeria. Primate Conservation 24(1), 77-83. doi: 10.1896/052.024.0105		<span id="R01449"></span>Greengrass, E. J. (2009). Chimpanzees are Close to Extinction in Southwest Nigeria. ''Primate Conservation'', 24(1), 77-83. [https://doi.org/10.1896/052.024.0105 doi:10.1896/052.024.0105]

	Kormos, R., Boesch, C., Bakarr, M.I., Butynaki, T.M. (2003) West African Chimpanzees: Status survey and conservation action plan. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.		<span id="R01450"></span>Kormos, R., Boesch, C., Bakarr, M.I., Butynaki, T.M. (2003) West African Chimpanzees: Status survey and conservation action plan. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120514150708/http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2003-059.pdf link]

	Wahab, M.K.A. (2016). Wildlife Environmental Conservation: A Case Study of Oba Hill Forest Reserve. J Ecosys Ecograph, 6(214). doi: 10.4172/2157-7625.1000214		<span id="R01451"></span>Wahab, M.K.A. (2016). Wildlife Environmental Conservation: A Case Study of Oba Hill Forest Reserve. J Ecosys Ecograph, 6(214). doi: 10.4172/2157-7625.1000214

			<span id="R02290"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]



	'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2020-11-15		'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2020-11-15

WikiEdit at 12:18, 3 September 2026

2026-09-03T12:18:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:18, 3 September 2026
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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. ~~subm.~~ extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (~~see~~ Kiribou et al. ~~subm. for details~~).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Oba Hills Forest Reserve'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Oba Hills Forest Reserve'''

WikiEdit at 09:28, 21 April 2026

2026-04-21T09:28:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:28, 21 April 2026
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	!Source		!Source
	!Year(s)		!Year(s)
			\|-
			\|1 Site management
			\|1.3 Corruption
			\|Greengrass 2006
			\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|2 Resources and capacity		\|2 Resources and capacity
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	\|4 Institutional support		\|4 Institutional support
	\|4.1 Lack of law enforcement		\|4.1 Lack of law enforcement
	~~\|Greengrass 2006~~
	\|
	\|-
	~~\|1 Site management~~
	~~\|1.3 Corruption~~
	\|Greengrass 2006		\|Greengrass 2006
	\|		\|

WikiEdit at 14:47, 25 March 2026

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@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 * Key threats to chimpanzees are logging, farming, hunting, and fires.
 * Conservation activities are not reported.
@@ Line 92: / Line 88: @@
 !Description
 !Year of threat
 |-
 |5 Biological resource use
@@ Line 98: / Line 106: @@
 |The chimpanzee population has been hunted likely to the point of extirpation; hunting of other species (e.g., duikers) continues (Greengrass 2006, Wahab 2016).
 |2006-Ongoing (2016)
 |-
 |7 Natural system modifications
@@ Line 110: / Line 112: @@
 |Repeated anthropogenic bush fires in the core of the reserve (Wahab 2016).
 |Ongoing (2016)
 |}

WikiEdit at 07:30, 4 February 2026

2026-02-04T07:30:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:30, 4 February 2026
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	\|The forest reserve was established in 1955 (Wahab 2016).		\|The forest reserve was established in 1955 (Wahab 2016).
	\|		\|
	\|1955-Ongoing (~~2016~~)		\|1955-Ongoing (2026)
	\|}		\|}

WikiEdit at 07:09, 6 November 2025

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← Older revision		Revision as of 03:09, 6 November 2025
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	<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Oba_Hills.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly ~~inOba~~ Hills Forest Reserve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Oba_Hills.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly ~~inOba~~ Hills Forest Reserve]] </li></ul></div>		<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Oba_Hills.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly in Oba Hills Forest Reserve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Oba_Hills.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly in Oba Hills Forest Reserve]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =

WikiEdit at 06:53, 6 November 2025

2025-11-06T06:53:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:53, 6 November 2025
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	* Key threats to chimpanzees are logging, farming, hunting, and fires.		* Key threats to chimpanzees are logging, farming, hunting, and fires.
	* Conservation activities are not reported.		* Conservation activities are not reported.



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	[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]		[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]

	= Ape status =		= Ape status =

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	[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]		[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]

	= Threats =		= Threats =

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	[[Threats]]		[[Threats]]

	= Conservation activities =		= Conservation activities =

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	[[Conservation activities]]		[[Conservation activities]]

	= Challenges =		= Challenges =

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	[[Challenges]]		[[Challenges]]

	= Enablers =		= Enablers =

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	[[Enablers]]		[[Enablers]]

	= Research activities =		= Research activities =



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	[[Behaviours]]		[[Behaviours]]

	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

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	\|}		\|}


			<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Oba_Hills.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly inOba Hills Forest Reserve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Oba_Hills.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly inOba Hills Forest Reserve]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =

WikiEdit at 08:16, 31 October 2025

2025-10-31T08:16:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:16, 31 October 2025
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	\|No. days with heavy precipitation (per year)		\|No. days with heavy precipitation (per year)
	\|5.4		\|5.4
	\|9.~~8000000000000007~~		\|9.8
	\|10.1		\|10.1
	\|9.6		\|9.6
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	\|0		\|0
	\|1		\|1
	\|2.~~1800000000000002~~		\|2.18
	\|0		\|0
	\|0		\|0
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	\|Wildfire		\|Wildfire
	\|30		\|30
	\|0.~~55000000000000004~~		\|0.55
	\|30		\|30
	\|0.53		\|0.53