Okapi Wildlife Reserve - Revision history

WikiEdit at 21:54, 15 October 2026

2026-10-15T21:54:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:54, 15 October 2026
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	<span id="R01467"></span>Plumptre, A. J., Rose, R., Nangendo, G., Williamson, E. A., Didier, K., Hart, J., Mulindahabi, F., Hicks, C., Griffin, B., Ogawa, H., Nixon, S., Pintea, L., Vosper, A., McClennan, M., Amsini, F., McNeilage, A., Makana, J. R., Kanamori, M., Hernandez, A., Piel, A., Stewart, F., Moore, J., Zamma, K., Nakamura, M., Kamenya, S., Idani, G., Sakamaki, T., Yoshikawa, M., Greer, D., Tranquilli, S., Beyers, R., Furuichi, T., Hashimoto, C., & Bennett, E. (2010). Eastern chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii): Status survey and conservation action plan 2010–2020. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group. [http://www.primate-sg.org/PDF/ECCAP.pdf link]		<span id="R01467"></span>Plumptre, A. J., Rose, R., Nangendo, G., Williamson, E. A., Didier, K., Hart, J., Mulindahabi, F., Hicks, C., Griffin, B., Ogawa, H., Nixon, S., Pintea, L., Vosper, A., McClennan, M., Amsini, F., McNeilage, A., Makana, J. R., Kanamori, M., Hernandez, A., Piel, A., Stewart, F., Moore, J., Zamma, K., Nakamura, M., Kamenya, S., Idani, G., Sakamaki, T., Yoshikawa, M., Greer, D., Tranquilli, S., Beyers, R., Furuichi, T., Hashimoto, C., & Bennett, E. (2010). Eastern chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii): Status survey and conservation action plan 2010–2020. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group. [http://www.primate-sg.org/PDF/ECCAP.pdf link]

	<span id="R02294"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~1-19~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02294"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

	<span id="R02051"></span>Okapi Conservation Project. https://www.okapiconservation.org/wildlife-protection/		<span id="R02051"></span>Okapi Conservation Project. https://www.okapiconservation.org/wildlife-protection/

WikiEdit at 14:35, 15 October 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 10:35, 15 October 2026
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	<span id="R01467"></span>Plumptre, A. J., Rose, R., Nangendo, G., Williamson, E. A., Didier, K., Hart, J., Mulindahabi, F., Hicks, C., Griffin, B., Ogawa, H., Nixon, S., Pintea, L., Vosper, A., McClennan, M., Amsini, F., McNeilage, A., Makana, J. R., Kanamori, M., Hernandez, A., Piel, A., Stewart, F., Moore, J., Zamma, K., Nakamura, M., Kamenya, S., Idani, G., Sakamaki, T., Yoshikawa, M., Greer, D., Tranquilli, S., Beyers, R., Furuichi, T., Hashimoto, C., & Bennett, E. (2010). Eastern chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii): Status survey and conservation action plan 2010–2020. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group. [http://www.primate-sg.org/PDF/ECCAP.pdf link]		<span id="R01467"></span>Plumptre, A. J., Rose, R., Nangendo, G., Williamson, E. A., Didier, K., Hart, J., Mulindahabi, F., Hicks, C., Griffin, B., Ogawa, H., Nixon, S., Pintea, L., Vosper, A., McClennan, M., Amsini, F., McNeilage, A., Makana, J. R., Kanamori, M., Hernandez, A., Piel, A., Stewart, F., Moore, J., Zamma, K., Nakamura, M., Kamenya, S., Idani, G., Sakamaki, T., Yoshikawa, M., Greer, D., Tranquilli, S., Beyers, R., Furuichi, T., Hashimoto, C., & Bennett, E. (2010). Eastern chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii): Status survey and conservation action plan 2010–2020. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group. [http://www.primate-sg.org/PDF/ECCAP.pdf link]

	<span id="R02294"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~e0000345~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02294"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

	<span id="R02051"></span>Okapi Conservation Project. https://www.okapiconservation.org/wildlife-protection/		<span id="R02051"></span>Okapi Conservation Project. https://www.okapiconservation.org/wildlife-protection/

WikiEdit at 00:10, 15 October 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 20:10, 14 October 2026
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	\|3.2 Mining & quarrying		\|3.2 Mining & quarrying
	\|High (more than 70% of population affected)		\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
	\|Artisanal mining for diamonds and coltan largely controlled by organised criminal networks with the support of some local chiefs and foreign companies ([~~https://worldheritageoutlook.iucn.org/explore-sites/wdpaid/124389~~ IUCN 2020]). Miners often depend on bushmeat ([[#R01463\|Dasgupta 2019]]). Mining is concentrated in the southern and western parts of the reserve ([[#R01466\|Madidi et al. 2019]]).		\|Artisanal mining for diamonds and coltan largely controlled by organised criminal networks with the support of some local chiefs and foreign companies ([[#R01464\|IUCN 2020]]). Miners often depend on bushmeat ([[#R01463\|Dasgupta 2019]]). Mining is concentrated in the southern and western parts of the reserve ([[#R01466\|Madidi et al. 2019]]).
	\|Ongoing (2019)		\|Ongoing (2019)
	\|-		\|-
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	\|4.1 Roads & railroads		\|4.1 Roads & railroads
	\|High (more than 70% of population affected)		\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
	\|Rehabilitation of the RN4 road, which bisects the southern part of the reserve from east to west facilitated access to the forest ([~~https://worldheritageoutlook.iucn.org/explore-sites/wdpaid/124389~~ IUCN 2020]).		\|Rehabilitation of the RN4 road, which bisects the southern part of the reserve from east to west facilitated access to the forest ([[#R01464\|IUCN 2020]]).
	\|Ongoing (2020)		\|Ongoing (2020)
	\|-		\|-
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	\|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals		\|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
	\|High (more than 70% of population affected)		\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
	\|Hunting for bushmeat, linked to illegal mining activities ([~~https://worldheritageoutlook.iucn.org/explore-sites/wdpaid/124389~~ IUCN 2020]).		\|Hunting for bushmeat, linked to illegal mining activities ([[#R01464\|IUCN 2020]]).
	\|Ongoing (2020)		\|Ongoing (2020)
	\|-		\|-
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	\|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting		\|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
	\|High (more than 70% of population affected)		\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
	\|Illegal logging and clearing of forest by immigrants ([[#R01463\|Dasgupta 2019]]; [~~https://worldheritageoutlook.iucn.org/explore-sites/wdpaid/124389~~ IUCN 2020]).		\|Illegal logging and clearing of forest by immigrants ([[#R01463\|Dasgupta 2019]]; [[#R01464\|IUCN 2020]]).
	\|Ongoing (2020)		\|Ongoing (2020)
	\|-		\|-
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	\|6.2 War, civil unrest & military exercises		\|6.2 War, civil unrest & military exercises
	\|High (more than 70% of population affected)		\|High (more than 70% of population affected)
	\|Armed militia involved in illegal mining, logging and hunting ([~~https://worldheritageoutlook.iucn.org/explore-sites/wdpaid/124389~~ IUCN 2020]).		\|Armed militia involved in illegal mining, logging and hunting ([[#R01464\|IUCN 2020]]).
	\|Ongoing (2020)		\|Ongoing (2020)
	\|}		\|}
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	\|6 Safety and stability		\|6 Safety and stability
	\|6.3 Civil unrest/war		\|6.3 Civil unrest/war
	\|[~~https://worldheritageoutlook.iucn.org/explore-sites/wdpaid/124389~~ IUCN 2020]		\|[[#R01464\|IUCN 2020]]
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

WikiEdit at 20:30, 12 October 2026

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Show changes

WikiEdit at 12:19, 3 September 2026

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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. ~~subm.~~ extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (~~see~~ Kiribou et al. ~~subm. for details~~).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Okapi Wildlife Reserve'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Okapi Wildlife Reserve'''

WikiEdit at 14:49, 1 September 2026

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	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''		\|''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''
	\|~~2009~~		\|2018
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	~~\|0.62~~
	~~\|8802.0~~
	~~\|Okapi Wildlife Reserve (14,157 km²)~~
	~~\|Reconnaissance walk~~
	\|		\|
	\|~~Plumptre et al. 2010~~		\|5,019 (3,719-6,773)
			\|Okapi Wildlife Reserve (12,000 km²)
			\|Line transects
	\|		\|
			\|Madidi et al. 2019
			\|survey effort: 321 km
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''		\|''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''
	\|~~2018~~		\|2009
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
			\|0.62
			\|8802.0
			\|Okapi Wildlife Reserve (14,157 km²)
			\|Reconnaissance walk
	\|		\|
	\|~~5,019 (3,719-6,773)~~		\|Plumptre et al. 2010
	~~\|Okapi Wildlife Reserve (12,000 km²)~~
	~~\|Line transects~~
	\|		\|
	~~\|Madidi et al. 2019~~
	~~\|survey effort: 321 km~~
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}
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	= References =		= References =

	BirdLife International (2020). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Okapi Faunal Reserve. ~~Downloaded~~ from http://www.birdlife.org ~~on 30/12/2020.~~ <br>		BirdLife International. (2020). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Okapi Faunal Reserve. Retrieved December 30, 2020, from http://www.birdlife.org <br>
	~~IUCN (2020). Okapi Wildlife Reserve. IUCN World Heritage Outlook <br>~~
	Dasgupta, S. (2019). DRC’s Okapi Wildlife Reserve gets new management partner in WCS. Retrieved 30 ~~December~~ 2020 from ~~Mongabay.com. Web site:~~ https://news.mongabay.com/2019/10/drcs-okapi-wildlife-reserve-gets-new-management-partner-in-wcs/# <br>		Dasgupta, S. (2019). DRC’s Okapi Wildlife Reserve gets new management partner in WCS. Mongabay. Retrieved December 30, 2020, from https://news.mongabay.com/2019/10/drcs-okapi-wildlife-reserve-gets-new-management-partner-in-wcs/ <br>
	Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership (2025) Key Biodiversity Areas factsheet: Okapi Wildlife Reserve. Extracted from the World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas. ~~Developed by the Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership: BirdLife International~~, IUCN, American Bird Conservancy, Amphibian Survival Alliance, Conservation International, Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, Global Environment Facility, Re:wild, NatureServe, Rainforest Trust, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, ~~World Wildlife Fund and Wildlife Conservation Society. Downloaded~~ from https://keybiodiversityareas.org/ ~~on Jun 4, 2025~~ <br>
	Madidi, J., Maisels, F., Kahindo, F., Nsafusa, B., Angemito, T., Manala, M., Ngohe, O., & Liengola, I. 2019. Inventaires des ~~Grands Mammifères~~ et de ~~l’Impact Humaine~~, Réserve de Faune à Okapis, 2018. Rapport technique No : 01/BION/RFO/2019 ~~p. 40~~. WCS ~~DRC, Kinshasa,~~ DRC. <br>		IUCN. (2020). Okapi Wildlife Reserve. IUCN World Heritage Outlook. <br>
	Plumptre, A.J., Rose, R., Nangendo, G., Williamson, E.A., Didier, K., Hart, J., Mulindahabi, F., Hicks, C., Griffin, B., Ogawa, H., Nixon, S., Pintea, L., Vosper, A., McClennan, M., Amsini, F., McNeilage, A., Makana, J.R., Kanamori, M., Hernandez, A., Piel, A., Stewart, F., Moore, J., Zamma, K., Nakamura, M., Kamenya, S., Idani, G., Sakamaki, T., Yoshikawa, M., Greer, D., Tranquilli, S., Beyers, R., Furuichi, T., Hashimoto, C. ~~and~~ Bennett, E. (2010). Eastern ~~Chimpanzee~~ (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii): Status ~~Survey~~ and ~~Conservation Action Plan~~ 2010–2020. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group~~, Gland, Switzerland~~. ~~52pp~~ <br>
			Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership. (2025). Key Biodiversity Areas factsheet: Okapi Wildlife Reserve. Extracted from the World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas. Retrieved June 4, 2025, from https://keybiodiversityareas.org/ <br>

			Madidi, J., Maisels, F., Kahindo, F., Nsafusa, B., Angemito, T., Manala, M., Ngohe, O., & Liengola, I. (2019). Inventaires des grands mammifères et de l’impact humaine, Réserve de Faune à Okapis, 2018 (Rapport technique No. 01/BION/RFO/2019). WCS DRC. <br>

			Plumptre, A. J., Rose, R., Nangendo, G., Williamson, E. A., Didier, K., Hart, J., Mulindahabi, F., Hicks, C., Griffin, B., Ogawa, H., Nixon, S., Pintea, L., Vosper, A., McClennan, M., Amsini, F., McNeilage, A., Makana, J. R., Kanamori, M., Hernandez, A., Piel, A., Stewart, F., Moore, J., Zamma, K., Nakamura, M., Kamenya, S., Idani, G., Sakamaki, T., Yoshikawa, M., Greer, D., Tranquilli, S., Beyers, R., Furuichi, T., Hashimoto, C., & Bennett, E. (2010). Eastern chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii): Status survey and conservation action plan 2010–2020. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group. <br>



	'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2023-08-14		'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2023-08-14

WikiEdit at 09:46, 14 July 2026

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← Older revision		Revision as of 05:46, 14 July 2026
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	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''		\|''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''
	\|~~2018~~		\|2009
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
			\|0.62
			\|8802.0
			\|Okapi Wildlife Reserve (14,157 km²)
			\|Reconnaissance walk
	\|		\|
	\|~~5,019 (3,719-6,773)~~		\|Plumptre et al. 2010
	~~\|Okapi Wildlife Reserve (12,000 km²)~~
	~~\|Line transects~~
	\|		\|
	~~\|Madidi et al. 2019~~
	~~\|survey effort: 321 km~~
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''		\|''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''
	\|~~2009~~		\|2018
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	~~\|0.62~~
	~~\|8802.0~~
	~~\|Okapi Wildlife Reserve (14,157 km²)~~
	~~\|Reconnaissance walk~~
	\|		\|
	\|~~Plumptre et al. 2010~~		\|5,019 (3,719-6,773)
			\|Okapi Wildlife Reserve (12,000 km²)
			\|Line transects
	\|		\|
			\|Madidi et al. 2019
			\|survey effort: 321 km
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

WikiEdit at 14:47, 25 March 2026

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	* Armed groups involved in illegal mining, logging and hunting are the most concerning threat to chimpanzees and other wildlife in the Okapi Wildlife Reserve.		* Armed groups involved in illegal mining, logging and hunting are the most concerning threat to chimpanzees and other wildlife in the Okapi Wildlife Reserve.
	* Conservation activities at the site include anti-poaching patrols.		* Conservation activities at the site include anti-poaching patrols.

WikiEdit at 07:30, 4 February 2026

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	\|The site is designated as a Wildlife Reserve.		\|The site is designated as a Wildlife Reserve.
	\|ICCN		\|ICCN
	\|1992-Ongoing (~~2020~~)		\|1992-Ongoing (2026)
	\|-		\|-
	\|6 Species management		\|6 Species management

WikiEdit at 14:31, 23 December 2025

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	!Implementing organization(s)		!Implementing organization(s)
	!Year of activity		!Year of activity
	\|-
	~~\|5 Protection & restoration~~
	~~\|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat~~
	~~\|The site is designated as a Wildlife Reserve.~~
	~~\|ICCN~~
	~~\|1992-Ongoing (2020)~~
	\|-		\|-
	\|2 Counter-wildlife crime		\|2 Counter-wildlife crime
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	\|		\|
	\|Ongoing (2023)		\|Ongoing (2023)
			\|-
			\|5 Protection & restoration
			\|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
			\|The site is designated as a Wildlife Reserve.
			\|ICCN
			\|1992-Ongoing (2020)
	\|-		\|-
	\|6 Species management		\|6 Species management