Sangaredi - Revision history

WikiEdit at 21:54, 15 October 2026

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	<span id="R02140"></span>WCF. (2009). Rapport sur le recensement des chimpanzés dans le Parc National de la Comoé, Côte d’Ivoire. Wild Chimpanzee Foundation. https://www.wildchimps.org/reports/reports.html		<span id="R02140"></span>WCF. (2009). Rapport sur le recensement des chimpanzés dans le Parc National de la Comoé, Côte d’Ivoire. Wild Chimpanzee Foundation. https://www.wildchimps.org/reports/reports.html

	<span id="R02311"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~1-19~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02311"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]



	'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team & Julia Riedel''' Date:''' 2019-11-25		'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team & Julia Riedel''' Date:''' 2019-11-25

WikiEdit at 14:35, 15 October 2026

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	<span id="R01641"></span>Kühl, H. S., Kalan, A. K., Arandjelovic, M., Aubert, F., D’Auvergne, L., Goedmakers, A., …, & Boesch, C. (2016). Chimpanzee accumulative stone throwing. ''Scientific Reports'', 6(1). [https://doi.org/10.1038/srep22219 doi:10.1038/srep22219]		<span id="R01641"></span>Kühl, H. S., Kalan, A. K., Arandjelovic, M., Aubert, F., D’Auvergne, L., Goedmakers, A., …, & Boesch, C. (2016). Chimpanzee accumulative stone throwing. ''Scientific Reports'', 6(1). [https://doi.org/10.1038/srep22219 doi:10.1038/srep22219]

	<span id="R01642"></span>Kühl, H. S., Sop, T., Williamson, E. A., Mundry, R., Brugière, D., Campbell, G., …, & Boesch, C. (2017). The Critically Endangered western chimpanzee declines by 80%. ''American Journal of Primatology'', 79(9). [https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22681 doi:10.1002/ajp.22681]		<span id="R01642"></span>Kühl, H. S., Sop, T., Williamson, E. A., Mundry, R., Brugière, D., Campbell, G., …, & Boesch, C. (2017). The Critically Endangered western chimpanzee declines by 80%. ''American Journal of Primatology'', 79(9), e22681. [https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22681 doi:10.1002/ajp.22681]

	<span id="R01643"></span>Kühl, H. S., Boesch, C., Kulik, L., Haas, F., Arandjelovic, M., Dieguez, P., …, & Kalan, A. K. (2019). Human impact erodes chimpanzee behavioral diversity. ''Science'', 363(6434), 1453-1455. [https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau4532 doi:10.1126/science.aau4532]		<span id="R01643"></span>Kühl, H. S., Boesch, C., Kulik, L., Haas, F., Arandjelovic, M., Dieguez, P., …, & Kalan, A. K. (2019). Human impact erodes chimpanzee behavioral diversity. ''Science'', 363(6434), 1453-1455. [https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau4532 doi:10.1126/science.aau4532]
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	<span id="R02140"></span>WCF. (2009). Rapport sur le recensement des chimpanzés dans le Parc National de la Comoé, Côte d’Ivoire. Wild Chimpanzee Foundation. https://www.wildchimps.org/reports/reports.html		<span id="R02140"></span>WCF. (2009). Rapport sur le recensement des chimpanzés dans le Parc National de la Comoé, Côte d’Ivoire. Wild Chimpanzee Foundation. https://www.wildchimps.org/reports/reports.html

	<span id="R02311"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~e0000345~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02311"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]



	'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team & Julia Riedel''' Date:''' 2019-11-25		'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team & Julia Riedel''' Date:''' 2019-11-25

WikiEdit at 19:12, 14 October 2026

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	<span id="R01645"></span>WCF. 2011. Annual report of the activities undertaken by the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation to improve the protection of wild chimpanzees and their habitat in West Africa – Year 2011. Online: [https://www.wildchimps.org/reports/reports.html Wild Chimpanzee Foundation] [https://web.archive.org/web/20241112052804/https://www.wildchimps.org/reports/reports.html link]		<span id="R01645"></span>WCF. 2011. Annual report of the activities undertaken by the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation to improve the protection of wild chimpanzees and their habitat in West Africa – Year 2011. Online: [https://www.wildchimps.org/reports/reports.html Wild Chimpanzee Foundation] [https://web.archive.org/web/20241112052804/https://www.wildchimps.org/reports/reports.html link]

	<span id="R01646"></span>WCF. 2012. Annual report 2012 – activities of the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation for improved conservation of chimpanzees and their habitat in West Africa. Online: [https://www.wildchimps.org/reports/reports.html Wild Chimpanzee Foundation]		<span id="R01646"></span>WCF. 2012. Annual report 2012 – activities of the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation for improved conservation of chimpanzees and their habitat in West Africa. Online: [https://www.wildchimps.org/reports/reports.html Wild Chimpanzee Foundation] [https://web.archive.org/web/20241112052804/https://www.wildchimps.org/reports/reports.html link]

	<span id="R01647"></span>WCF. 2014. Annual report 2014 – activities of the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation for improved conservation of chimpanzees and their habitat in West Africa. Online: [https://www.wildchimps.org/reports/reports.html Wild Chimpanzee Foundation]		<span id="R01647"></span>WCF. 2014. Annual report 2014 – activities of the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation for improved conservation of chimpanzees and their habitat in West Africa. Online: [https://www.wildchimps.org/reports/reports.html Wild Chimpanzee Foundation] [https://web.archive.org/web/20241112052804/https://www.wildchimps.org/reports/reports.html link]

	<span id="R01648"></span>WCF. 2015. Annual report 2015 – activities of the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation for improved conservation of chimpanzees and their habitat in West Africa. Online: [https://www.wildchimps.org/reports/reports.html Wild Chimpanzee Foundation]		<span id="R01648"></span>WCF. 2015. Annual report 2015 – activities of the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation for improved conservation of chimpanzees and their habitat in West Africa. Online: [https://www.wildchimps.org/reports/reports.html Wild Chimpanzee Foundation] [https://web.archive.org/web/20241112052804/https://www.wildchimps.org/reports/reports.html link]

	<span id="R01649"></span>Wright HE et al. 2006. A Rapid Biological Assessment of Boké Préfecture, Northwestern Guinea. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 41. Conservation International, Washington, DC.		<span id="R01649"></span>Wright HE et al. 2006. A Rapid Biological Assessment of Boké Préfecture, Northwestern Guinea. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 41. Conservation International, Washington, DC.

WikiEdit at 20:30, 12 October 2026

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WikiEdit at 12:19, 3 September 2026

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	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. ~~subm.~~ extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (~~see~~ Kiribou et al. ~~subm. for details~~).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Sangaredi'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Sangaredi'''

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	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes verus''		\|''Pan troglodytes verus''
	\|~~2009~~		\|2015
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|0.11		\|0.33
	\|~~119.0~~		\|252 (147-423)
	\|GAC concession ~~(685 km²)~~		\|GAC concession
	\|Line transects		\|Line transects
	\|		\|
	\|WCF ~~2012~~		\|WCF 2015
	\|Total survey effort: ~~537~~ km		\|Total survey effort: 254 km
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes verus''		\|''Pan troglodytes verus''
	\|~~2012~~		\|2014
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|0.14		\|0.25
	\|~~142~~.0		\|174.0
	\|GAC concession		\|GAC concession
	\|Line transects		\|Line transects
	\|		\|
	\|WCF ~~2012~~		\|WCF 2014
	\|Total survey effort: ~~348~~ km		\|Total survey effort: 254 km
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes verus''		\|''Pan troglodytes verus''
	\|~~2010~~		\|2012
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|0.18		\|0.14
	\|~~190~~.0		\|142.0
	\|GAC concession		\|GAC concession
	\|Line transects		\|Line transects
	\|		\|
	\|WCF 2012		\|WCF 2012
	\|Total survey effort: ~~347~~ km		\|Total survey effort: 348 km
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
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	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes verus''		\|''Pan troglodytes verus''
	\|~~2014~~		\|2010
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|0.25		\|0.18
	\|~~174~~.0		\|190.0
	\|GAC concession		\|GAC concession
	\|Line transects		\|Line transects
	\|		\|
	\|WCF ~~2014~~		\|WCF 2012
	\|Total survey effort: ~~254~~ km		\|Total survey effort: 347 km
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes verus''		\|''Pan troglodytes verus''
	\|~~2015~~		\|2009
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|0.33		\|0.11
	\|~~252 (147-423)~~		\|119.0
	\|GAC concession		\|GAC concession (685 km²)
	\|Line transects		\|Line transects
	\|		\|
	\|WCF ~~2015~~		\|WCF 2012
	\|Total survey effort: ~~254~~ km		\|Total survey effort: 537 km
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes verus''		\|''Pan troglodytes verus''
	\|~~1988~~		\|2005
	\|Present		\|Present
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|~~Boké prefecture~~		\|Boulléré
	\|~~Interviews~~		\|Reconnaissance walk
	\|		\|
	\|~~Sugiyama~~ & ~~Soumah 1988~~		\|Eriksson & Kpoghomou 2006
	\|~~Questionnaire~~ survey		\|Total survey effort: 37.8 km; walking existing trail system
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
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	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes verus''		\|''Pan troglodytes verus''
	\|~~2005~~		\|1988
	\|Present		\|Present
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|~~Boulléré~~		\|Boké prefecture
	\|~~Reconnaissance walk~~		\|Interviews
	\|		\|
	\|~~Eriksson~~ & ~~Kpoghomou 2006~~		\|Sugiyama & Soumah 1988
	\|~~Total~~ survey ~~effort: 37.8 km; walking existing trail system~~		\|Questionnaire survey
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

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	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes verus''		\|''Pan troglodytes verus''
	\|~~1988~~		\|2015
	~~\|Present~~
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
			\|0.1
			\|62 (33-118)
			\|CBG Halco concession (530 km²)
			\|Line transects
	\|		\|
	\|~~Boké prefecture~~		\|WCF 2015
	\|~~Interviews~~		\|Total survey effort: 139 km
	\|
	~~\|Sugiyama & Soumah 1988~~
	~~\|Questionnaire~~ survey
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes verus''		\|''Pan troglodytes verus''
	\|~~1997~~		\|2009
	~~\|Present~~
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
			\|0.11
			\|119.0
			\|GAC concession (685 km²)
			\|Line transects
	\|		\|
	\|~~Boké prefecture~~		\|WCF 2012
	\|~~Interviews~~		\|Total survey effort: 537 km
	\|
	~~\|Ham 1998~~
	~~\|Questionnaire~~ survey
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes verus''		\|''Pan troglodytes verus''
	\|~~2009~~		\|2012
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|0.11		\|0.14
	\|~~119~~.0		\|142.0
	\|GAC concession ~~(685 km²)~~		\|GAC concession
	\|Line transects		\|Line transects
	\|		\|
	\|WCF 2012		\|WCF 2012
	\|Total survey effort: ~~537~~ km		\|Total survey effort: 348 km
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
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	\|WCF 2012		\|WCF 2012
	\|Total survey effort: 339 km		\|Total survey effort: 339 km
	\|
	\|-
	~~\|''Pan troglodytes verus''~~
	~~\|2012~~
	\|
	\|
	~~\|0.14~~
	~~\|142.0~~
	~~\|GAC concession~~
	~~\|Line transects~~
	\|
	~~\|WCF 2012~~
	~~\|Total survey effort: 348 km~~
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
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	\|-		\|-
	\|''Pan troglodytes verus''		\|''Pan troglodytes verus''
	\|~~2015~~		\|1988
			\|Present
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|Boké prefecture
			\|Interviews
			\|
			\|Sugiyama & Soumah 1988
			\|Questionnaire survey
			\|
			\|-
			\|''Pan troglodytes verus''
			\|1997
			\|Present
			\|
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|~~0.1~~		\|Boké prefecture
	\|~~62 (33-118)~~		\|Interviews
	~~\|CBG Halco concession (530 km²)~~
	~~\|Line transects~~
	\|		\|
	\|~~WCF 2015~~		\|Ham 1998
	\|~~Total~~ survey ~~effort: 139 km~~		\|Questionnaire survey
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-

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@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 * The following conservation activities were implemented by the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation (WCF): environmental education (Club P.A.N. and theater plays) and forest regeneration.
 * Sangaredi is a mining town and mining operations have been ongoing for several decades.
 = Site characteristics =
@@ Line 211: / Line 207: @@
 !Description
 !Year of threat
 |-
 |3 Energy production & mining
@@ Line 216: / Line 230: @@
 |High (more than 70% of population affected)
 |Mining exploitation since 1973 (Environmental Justice Atlas 2019).
 |1973-Ongoing (2019)
 |-
@@ Line 228: / Line 236: @@
 |Medium (30-70% of population affected)
 |Road development for mining activities (Environmental Justice Atlas 2019).
 |1973-Ongoing (2019)
 |-
@@ Line 241: / Line 243: @@
 |Bushmeat study confirmed hunting of primates (WCF 2014).
 |Ongoing (2014)
 |-
 |7 Natural system modifications
@@ Line 248: / Line 256: @@
 |Ongoing (2014)
 |-
-|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
+|9 Pollution
-|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
+|9.2 Industrial & military effluents
 |Medium (30-70% of population affected)
-|Slash and burn agriculture and rice fields (WCF 2015, Wright et al. 2006).
+|Contamination of air, water and soil (Environmental Justice Atlas 2019).
-|Ongoing (2015)
+|1973-Ongoing (2019)
 |}

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	<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Sangaredi.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly ~~inSangaredi~~]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Sangaredi.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly ~~inSangaredi~~]] </li></ul></div>		<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Sangaredi.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly in Sangaredi]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Sangaredi.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly in Sangaredi]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =

WikiEdit at 06:54, 6 November 2025

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	* The following conservation activities were implemented by the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation (WCF): environmental education (Club P.A.N. and theater plays) and forest regeneration.		* The following conservation activities were implemented by the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation (WCF): environmental education (Club P.A.N. and theater plays) and forest regeneration.
	* Sangaredi is a mining town and mining operations have been ongoing for several decades.		* Sangaredi is a mining town and mining operations have been ongoing for several decades.



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	[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]		[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]

	= Ape status =		= Ape status =

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	\|		\|
	\|0.11		\|0.11
	\|119		\|119.0
	\|GAC concession (685 km²)		\|GAC concession (685 km²)
	\|Line transects		\|Line transects
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	\|		\|
	\|0.18		\|0.18
	\|190		\|190.0
	\|GAC concession		\|GAC concession
	\|Line transects		\|Line transects
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	\|		\|
	\|0.25		\|0.25
	\|266		\|266.0
	\|GAC concession		\|GAC concession
	\|Line transects		\|Line transects
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	\|		\|
	\|0.14		\|0.14
	\|142		\|142.0
	\|GAC concession		\|GAC concession
	\|Line transects		\|Line transects
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	\|		\|
	\|0.25		\|0.25
	\|174		\|174.0
	\|GAC concession		\|GAC concession
	\|Line transects		\|Line transects
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	[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]		[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]

	= Threats =		= Threats =

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	[[Threats]]		[[Threats]]

	= Conservation activities =		= Conservation activities =

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	[[Conservation activities]]		[[Conservation activities]]

	= Challenges =		= Challenges =

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	[[Challenges]]		[[Challenges]]

	= Enablers =		= Enablers =

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	[[Enablers]]		[[Enablers]]

	= Research activities =		= Research activities =

	As detailed above several surveys on chimpanzees have been implemented in Sangaredi (Eriksson & Kpoghomou 2006, Wright et al. 2006, WCF 2012, WCF 2014, WCF 2015). The [http://panafrican.eva.mpg.de/index.php Pan African Programme (PanAf)] ‘The Cultured Chimpanzee’ established a temporary research site in Sangaredi with the aim to record ecological conditions of chimpanzees living in the area and to document chimpanzee behavior (Kühl et al. 2016, Kühl et al. 2019).		As detailed above several surveys on chimpanzees have been implemented in Sangaredi (Eriksson & Kpoghomou 2006, Wright et al. 2006, WCF 2012, WCF 2014, WCF 2015). The [http://panafrican.eva.mpg.de/index.php Pan African Programme (PanAf)] ‘The Cultured Chimpanzee’ established a temporary research site in Sangaredi with the aim to record ecological conditions of chimpanzees living in the area and to document chimpanzee behavior (Kühl et al. 2016, Kühl et al. 2019).


	= Documented behaviours =		= Documented behaviours =
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	[[Behaviours]]		[[Behaviours]]

	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

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	\|}		\|}


			<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Sangaredi.png\| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Precipitation anomaly inSangaredi]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Sangaredi.png \| 450px \| thumb\| none \| Temperature anomaly inSangaredi]] </li></ul></div>

	= External links =		= External links =