Takamanda Biosphere Reserve - Revision history

WikiEdit at 21:54, 15 October 2026

2026-10-15T21:54:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:54, 15 October 2026
Line 418:		Line 418:
	<span id="R01796"></span>Sunderland-Groves, J. L., & Maisels, F. (2003). Large mammals of Takamanda Forest Reserve, Cameroon. Takamanda. The Biodiversity of an African Rainforest, 111-127.		<span id="R01796"></span>Sunderland-Groves, J. L., & Maisels, F. (2003). Large mammals of Takamanda Forest Reserve, Cameroon. Takamanda. The Biodiversity of an African Rainforest, 111-127.

	<span id="R02321"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~1-19~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02321"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

	<span id="R02353"></span>UNESCO 2026a. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-designates-14-new-biosphere-reserves-world-environment-day		<span id="R02353"></span>UNESCO 2026a. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-designates-14-new-biosphere-reserves-world-environment-day

WikiEdit at 14:36, 15 October 2026

2026-10-15T14:36:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:36, 15 October 2026
Line 418:		Line 418:
	<span id="R01796"></span>Sunderland-Groves, J. L., & Maisels, F. (2003). Large mammals of Takamanda Forest Reserve, Cameroon. Takamanda. The Biodiversity of an African Rainforest, 111-127.		<span id="R01796"></span>Sunderland-Groves, J. L., & Maisels, F. (2003). Large mammals of Takamanda Forest Reserve, Cameroon. Takamanda. The Biodiversity of an African Rainforest, 111-127.

	<span id="R02321"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), ~~e0000345~~. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]		<span id="R02321"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345]

	<span id="R02353"></span>UNESCO 2026a. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-designates-14-new-biosphere-reserves-world-environment-day		<span id="R02353"></span>UNESCO 2026a. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-designates-14-new-biosphere-reserves-world-environment-day

WikiEdit at 19:12, 14 October 2026

2026-10-14T19:12:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:12, 14 October 2026
Line 72:		Line 72:
	\|[[#R01795\|Sunderland-Groves, Maisels & Ekinde 2003]]		\|[[#R01795\|Sunderland-Groves, Maisels & Ekinde 2003]]
	\|		\|
	\|CMR0103, CMR0104, CMR0105		\|CMR0103, CMR0104<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="+1 more" data-collapsetext="less">CMR0105</div>
	\|-		\|-
	\|''Gorilla gorilla diehli''		\|''Gorilla gorilla diehli''
Line 414:		Line 414:
	<span id="R01794"></span>Dunn, A., Berg, R., Byler, D., Eben-Ebai, S., Etiendem, D. N., Fotso, R., …, & Williamson, E. A. (2014). Revised Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of the Cross River Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehli) 2014–2019. New York: IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group and Wildlife Conservation Society. [http://primates.squarespace.com/storage/pdf/CRG_action_plan_2014.pdf link]		<span id="R01794"></span>Dunn, A., Berg, R., Byler, D., Eben-Ebai, S., Etiendem, D. N., Fotso, R., …, & Williamson, E. A. (2014). Revised Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of the Cross River Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehli) 2014–2019. New York: IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group and Wildlife Conservation Society. [http://primates.squarespace.com/storage/pdf/CRG_action_plan_2014.pdf link]

	<span id="R01795"></span>Sunderland-Groves, J. L., Maisels, F., & Ekinde, A. (2003). Surveys of the Cross River gorilla and chimpanzee populations in Takamanda Forest Reserve, Cameroon. Takamanda: the biodiversity of an African rainforest, 8, 129-140.		<span id="R01795"></span>Sunderland-Groves, J. L., Maisels, F., & Ekinde, A. (2003). Surveys of the Cross River gorilla and chimpanzee populations in Takamanda Forest Reserve, Cameroon. Takamanda: the biodiversity of an African rainforest, 8, 129-140. [https://www.stir.ac.uk/research/hub/publication/636325 link]

	<span id="R01796"></span>Sunderland-Groves, J. L., & Maisels, F. (2003). Large mammals of Takamanda Forest Reserve, Cameroon. Takamanda. The Biodiversity of an African Rainforest, 111-127.		<span id="R01796"></span>Sunderland-Groves, J. L., & Maisels, F. (2003). Large mammals of Takamanda Forest Reserve, Cameroon. Takamanda. The Biodiversity of an African Rainforest, 111-127.

WikiEdit at 20:31, 12 October 2026

2026-10-12T20:31:16Z

Show changes

WikiEdit at 12:20, 3 September 2026

2026-09-03T12:20:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:20, 3 September 2026
Line 285:		Line 285:
	= Exposure to climate change impacts =		= Exposure to climate change impacts =

	As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. ~~subm.~~ extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.		As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

	The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (~~see~~ Kiribou et al. ~~subm. for details~~).		The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

	'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Takamanda Biosphere Reserve'''		'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Takamanda Biosphere Reserve'''

WikiEdit at 09:47, 14 July 2026

2026-07-14T09:47:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:47, 14 July 2026
Line 66:		Line 66:
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|100.0		\|100
	\|Takamanda Forest Reserve		\|Takamanda Forest Reserve
	\|Informed guess		\|Informed guess
Line 79:		Line 79:
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|~~45881.0~~		\|45,881
	\|Takamanda National Park East (Kekpane area)		\|Takamanda National Park East (Kekpane area)
	\|Reconnaissance walk		\|Reconnaissance walk
Line 92:		Line 92:
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|~~45945.0~~		\|45,945
	\|Takamanda National Park-North (Atolo area)		\|Takamanda National Park-North (Atolo area)
	\|Reconnaissance walk		\|Reconnaissance walk
Line 407:		Line 407:

	[https://cameroon.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Takamanda-Mone-Landscape.aspx WCS Takamanda-Mone Landscape]		[https://cameroon.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Takamanda-Mone-Landscape.aspx WCS Takamanda-Mone Landscape]

			[https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-designates-14-new-biosphere-reserves-world-environment-day UNESCO designates 14 new biosphere reserves on World Environment Day]

	= References =		= References =

WikiEdit at 10:48, 15 June 2026

2026-06-15T10:48:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:48, 15 June 2026
Line 31:		Line 31:
	\|-		\|-
	\|Type of site		\|Type of site
	\|Protected area (~~National Park~~)		\|Protected area (Biosphere Reserve)
	\|-		\|-
	\|Habitat types		\|Habitat types
Line 37:		Line 37:
	\|-		\|-
	\|Type of governance		\|Type of governance
	\|		\|Governance by government
	\|}		\|}

WikiEdit at 10:36, 15 June 2026

2026-06-15T10:36:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:36, 15 June 2026
Line 10:		Line 10:
	* The population sizes are unknown.		* The population sizes are unknown.
	* The great ape population trend is unknown.		* The great ape population trend is unknown.
	* The site has a total size of ~~676~~ km².		* The site has a total size of 3,071.15 km².
	* Key threats to great apes are poaching, logging, and increasing accessibility by roads.		* Key threats to great apes are poaching, logging, and increasing accessibility by roads.
	* Conservation activities have focused on monitoring wildlife and law enforcement.		* Conservation activities have focused on involving local communities in conservation and sustainable resource use, monitoring wildlife and law enforcement.

WikiEdit at 10:21, 15 June 2026

2026-06-15T10:21:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:21, 15 June 2026
Line 41:		Line 41:

	[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]		[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]
			<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:Takamanda Cross River Gorilla BR Cameroon WCS 1.png \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| Cross River Gorilla © UNESCO & WCS Cameroon]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: Takamanda Cross River Gorilla BR Cameroon WCS 2.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| Cross River Gorilla © UNESCO & WCS Cameroon]] </li></ul></div>
	= Ape status =		= Ape status =

Line 144:		Line 144:
	= Conservation activities =		= Conservation activities =

	Transboundary cooperation between Okwangwo and Takamanda has been strongly promoted through activities such as regular joint anti-poaching patrols, an annual transboundary workshop, exchange visits and information sharing to capture poachers (Dunn et al. 2014).		Transboundary cooperation between Okwangwo and Takamanda has been strongly promoted through activities such as regular joint anti-poaching patrols, an annual transboundary workshop, exchange visits and information sharing to capture poachers (Dunn et al. 2014). The landscape is characterized by a rich cultural heritage and long-standing traditions of coexistence with the natural environment. Bantu-speaking communities, including the Anyang, Becheve, Basho, and others together with Mbororo pastoralists, continue to maintain sacred forests, observe totemic taboos, and apply customary land-use practices that have historically contributed to local conservation. Livelihood activities across the region include the sustainable harvesting of non-timber forest products, such as bush mango, njangsang, and wild honey, often undertaken through women-led cooperatives. In addition, younger generations are increasingly engaged in conservation and nature-based livelihoods as gorilla guardians, ecotourism guides, and advocates for the sustainable development of their communities and environment ([https://www.unesco.org/en/mab/takamanda-cross-river-gorilla UNESCO 2026]).

	'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Takamanda Biosphere Reserve'''		'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Takamanda Biosphere Reserve'''
Line 180:		Line 180:

	[[Conservation activities]]		[[Conservation activities]]
			<div><ul> <li style="display: inline-block;">[[File: Takamanda Cross River Gorilla BR Cameroon A-Schuecke 1.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © UNESCO & A-Schuecke]]<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: Takamanda Cross River Gorilla BR Cameroon A-Schuecke 3.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © UNESCO & A-Schuecke]]<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: Takamanda Cross River Gorilla BR Cameroon A-Schuecke 2.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © UNESCO & A-Schuecke]]<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File: Takamanda Cross River Gorilla BR Cameroon A-Schuecke 4.jpg \| 300px \| thumb\| none \| © UNESCO & A-Schuecke]] </ul></div>
	= Challenges =		= Challenges =

WikiEdit at 09:13, 15 June 2026

2026-06-15T09:13:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:13, 15 June 2026
Line 17:		Line 17:
	= Site characteristics =		= Site characteristics =

	Located in northeastern Cameroon, the site was first established as Takamanda Forest Reserve in 1934 to protect watersheds and conserve the area for timber production (Dunn et al. 2014). In 2008 it was upgraded to national park to protect the gorillas, as well as for its biological and transboundary importance (Dunn et al. 2014). The site and the neighbouring Okwangwo region in Nigeria are important areas for many large mammals; these include- in addition to the Cross River Gorilla and Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee- drills, Preuss's guenon, forest elephants, an buffalos (Sunderland-Groves & Maisels 2003). In 2026, UNESCO designated Takamanda National Park as one of 14 new biosphere reserves across 14 countries. It is now officially designated the Takamanda-Cross River Gorilla Biosphere Reserve ([https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-designates-14-new-biosphere-reserves-world-environment-day UNESCO, 2026]).		Located in northeastern Cameroon, the site was first established as Takamanda Forest Reserve in 1934 to protect watersheds and conserve the area for timber production (Dunn et al. 2014). In 2008 it was upgraded to national park to protect the gorillas, as well as for its biological and transboundary importance (Dunn et al. 2014). The site and the neighbouring Okwangwo region in Nigeria are important areas for many large mammals; these include- in addition to the Cross River Gorilla and Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee- drills, Preuss's guenon, forest elephants, an buffalos (Sunderland-Groves & Maisels 2003). In 2026, UNESCO designated Takamanda National Park as one of 14 new biosphere reserves across 14 countries. It is now officially designated the Takamanda-Cross River Gorilla Biosphere Reserve ([https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-designates-14-new-biosphere-reserves-world-environment-day UNESCO 2026]).

	'''Table 1. Basic site information for Takamanda Biosphere Reserve'''		'''Table 1. Basic site information for Takamanda Biosphere Reserve'''