Bantankiline

West Africa > Senegal > Bantankiline

Cite as: Diallo, D. (2023) Bantankiline. A.P.E.S. Wiki. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from https://wiki.iucnapesportal.org/index.php/Bantankiline

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Summary

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• Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) are present in Bantankiline.
• The population size is unknown.
• The chimpanzee population trend is decreasing.
• The site has a total size of XXXX km².
• Key threats to chimpanzees are
• Conservation activities are not documented.

Site characteristics

This unprotected area is located in the Kedougou region, around 30 km from the Niokolo Koba National Park (PNNK) in south-eastern Senegal. Bantankiline is close to the village of Marougounding near the hamlet of Fongoli, home to the only group of chimpanzees in Senegal accustomed to human presence (Pruetz et al., 2008).

Table 1. Basic site information for Bantankiline

Species	Pan troglodytes verus
Area
Coordinates	Lat: 12.433008 , Lon: -11.965861
Type of site	Non-protected area
Habitat types	Savanna, Subtropical/tropical dry forest
Type of governance

Types of sites Governance types Habitat types

Ape status

Surveys have taken place in the site between July and October 2018 and between October 2020 and October 2021. During these surveys, a total of 809 chimpanzee nests were recorded while walking a total distance of 155.1 km distributed along 37 recce transects, which averaged 4.19 km per transect (Diallo et al. 2022).

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Bantankiline

Species	Year	Occurrence	Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)	Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)	Abundance estimate (95% CI)	Survey area	Sampling method	Analytical framework	Source	Comments	A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes verus	2020-2021					Bantankiline	Reconnaissance walk		Diallo et al. 2022	181 nests recorded in 2020; 256 nests recorded in 2021
Pan troglodytes verus	2018					Bantankiline	Reconnaissance walk		Diallo et al. 2022, Diallo 2018	372 nests recorded

Sampling methods Analytical frameworks

Threats

Key indirect threats to chimpanzees in the area include deforestation linked to wood for carpentry and construction, consolidation of gold pits, charcoal production, transhumance. Artisanal gold panning is not yet very present in the area, but the risk of this process accelerating is high. Deforestation is currently very marked in Bantankiline. The main causes are charcoal production and the use of wood to consolidate gold pits, commonly known as "Diouras" in the local language. The trees are cut right down to the level of the forest galleries that form the heart of the chimpanzees' nesting sites. Diallo (2018) had counted and geolocated several tree trunks cut by loggers along the forest galleries of Bantankiline. We found that, in general, the plant species targeted by loggers are also very often used by chimpanzees for nesting. These are mainly Pterocarpus erinaceus, Khaya senegalensis, Anogeissus leiocarpus and Diospyros mespiliformis. These species are therefore important for chimpanzee-nesting in Senegal.

An anthropogenic factor that has been accelerating in recent years and is having a very negative impact on chimpanzee habitats in Senegal is transhumance. Transhumants cut down plants that have a high fodder value, even if they are located in chimpanzee habitats (gallery forests, plateau ledges, hills, migration corridors, etc.). The species most targeted for livestock feed are P. erinaceus, Ficus sp. and K. senegalensis. Transhumant herders move up into areas of difficult access, such as hills and forest galleries to exploit them.

Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Bantankiline

Category	Specific threats	Threat level	Description	Year of threat
1 Residential & commercial development	1.1 Residential areas	Medium (30-70% of population affected)	Diallo et al. 2022, Diallo 2018	2018-Ongoing (2023)
2 Agriculture & aquaculture	2.3 Livestock farming & ranching	High (more than 70% of population affected)	Presence of transhumance (Diallo et al. 2022, Diallo 2018).	2018-Ongoing (2023)
3 Energy production & mining	3.2 Mining & quarrying	Medium (30-70% of population affected)	Artisanal gold mining is at risk of increasing.	Ongoing (2023)
5 Biological resource use	5.3 Logging & wood harvesting	High (more than 70% of population affected)	Diallo et al. 2022, Diallo 2018	2018-Ongoing (2023)

Threats

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Bantankiline

Challenges	Specific challenges	Source	Year(s)
	Not reported

Challenges

Enablers

Table 6. Enablers reported for Bantankiline

Enablers	Specific enablers	Source	Year(s)
1 Site management
2 Resources and capacity
3 Engaged community
4 Institutional support
5 Ecological context
6 Safety and stability

Enablers

Documented behaviours

Table 7. Behaviours documented for Bantankiline

Category	Behavior	Observation type	Prevalence	Observation dates	Source	Habituation	Species	Comment
	Not reported

Behaviours

References

Diallo, B. (2018). Étude du comportement de nidification du chimpanzé de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, Pan troglodytes verus, à Bantankiline (Kédougou, Sénégal), mémoire de master en Écologie et Gestion des Écosystèmes, département de biologie animale/FST. 34 pp.

Diallo, D., Ndiaye, P. I., Badji, L., Micheletti, K., Diallo, B., & Pruetz, J. D. (2022). Nidification du chimpanzé de savane (Pan troglodytes verus) dans la zone non protégée de Bantankiline (Kédougou, Sénégal). Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège, 91(1), 84–104. https://doi.org/10.25518/0037-956.10926

Pruetz, J. D., Fulton, S. J., Marchant, L. F., McGrew, W. C., Schiel, M., & Waller, M. (2008). Arboreal nesting as anti‐predator adaptation by savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in southeastern Senegal. American Journal of Primatology, 70(4), 393-401. doi:10.1002/ajp.20508

Page created by: Dame Diallo Date: 2023-07-06