Rungan Landscape: Difference between revisions
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* The main reported threats include illegal logging activities, mining and agricultural expansion. | * The main reported threats include illegal logging activities, mining and agricultural expansion. | ||
* The main conservation activities have focused on raising awareness in the community and restoring habitats. | * The main conservation activities have focused on raising awareness in the community and restoring habitats. | ||
= Site characteristics = | = Site characteristics = | ||
The Rungan Landscape spans more than 150,000 hectares and supports a significant population of wild Bornean orangutans. Due to its lack of formal protection, parts of the area are being cleared for plantation development. This situation led the Borneo Nature Foundation (BNF) to conduct surveys in 2017–2018 to identify regions with High Conservation Value, according to Field Director Bernat Ripoll Capilla. Roughly twice the size of Singapore, the landscape features a diverse mix of habitats, including peat swamps, heath forests, riverine forests, and large sections of forest dominated by tall Ulin (ironwood) trees (Borneo Nature Foundation 2019). | The Rungan Landscape spans more than 150,000 hectares and supports a significant population of wild Bornean orangutans. Due to its lack of formal protection, parts of the area are being cleared for plantation development. This situation led the Borneo Nature Foundation (BNF) to conduct surveys in 2017–2018 to identify regions with High Conservation Value, according to Field Director Bernat Ripoll Capilla. Roughly twice the size of Singapore, the landscape features a diverse mix of habitats, including peat swamps, heath forests, riverine forests, and large sections of forest dominated by tall Ulin (ironwood) trees ([[#R01563|Borneo Nature Foundation 2019]]). | ||
| Line 94: | Line 90: | ||
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops | |2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops | ||
|Present (unknown severity) | |Present (unknown severity) | ||
|Some parts of the landsccape are being converted into agricultural plantation, due to the lack of an official protected status (Borneo Nature Foundation 2019). | |Some parts of the landsccape are being converted into agricultural plantation, due to the lack of an official protected status ([[#R01563|Borneo Nature Foundation 2019]]). | ||
|Ongoing (2019) | |Ongoing (2019) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 100: | Line 96: | ||
|3.2 Mining & quarrying | |3.2 Mining & quarrying | ||
|Present (unknown severity) | |Present (unknown severity) | ||
|Illegal mining activities reported, details unknown (Rungan Conservation 2025). | |Illegal mining activities reported, details unknown ([[#R01564|Rungan Conservation 2025]]). | ||
|Ongoing (2025) | |Ongoing (2025) | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | |5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | ||
|Present (unknown severity) | |Present (unknown severity) | ||
|Illegal logging activities are also reported (Rungan Conservation 2025). | |Illegal logging activities are also reported ([[#R01564|Rungan Conservation 2025]]). | ||
|Ongoing (2025) | |Ongoing (2025) | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 125: | Line 121: | ||
|5 Protection & restoration | |5 Protection & restoration | ||
|5.6 Habitat restoration | |5.6 Habitat restoration | ||
|Habitat management activities were reported to be present (Sherman et al. 2022). | |Habitat management activities were reported to be present ([[#R01565|Sherman et al. 2022]]). | ||
| | | | ||
|2016-Ongoing (2022) | |2016-Ongoing (2022) | ||
| Line 131: | Line 127: | ||
|4 Education & awareness | |4 Education & awareness | ||
|Other | |Other | ||
|Community outreach and capacity building (Sherman et al. 2022). | |Community outreach and capacity building ([[#R01565|Sherman et al. 2022]]). | ||
| | | | ||
|2016-Ongoing (2022) | |2016-Ongoing (2022) | ||
| Line 150: | Line 146: | ||
|4 Institutional support | |4 Institutional support | ||
|4.3 Lack of protected area status | |4.3 Lack of protected area status | ||
|Since the landscape lacks a formal protected status, parts of it are being opened up for plantation development (Borneo Nature Foundation 2019). | |Since the landscape lacks a formal protected status, parts of it are being opened up for plantation development ([[#R01563|Borneo Nature Foundation 2019]]). | ||
|Ongoing (2019) | |Ongoing (2019) | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 161: | Line 157: | ||
= Research activities = | = Research activities = | ||
Research activities have been reported in Rungan Landscape (Sherman et al. 2022). | Research activities have been reported in Rungan Landscape ([[#R01565|Sherman et al. 2022]]). | ||
= Documented behaviours = | = Documented behaviours = | ||
| Line 177: | Line 173: | ||
= References = | = References = | ||
<span id="R01563"></span>Borneo Nature Foundation. (2019, March 5). BNF calls for joint efforts to preserve the Rungan Landscape. Retrieved June 25, 2025, from https://www.borneonaturefoundation.org/news/bnf-calls-for-joint-efforts-to-preserve-the-rungan-landscape/ | |||
Borneo Nature Foundation. (2019, March 5). BNF calls for joint efforts to preserve the Rungan Landscape. Retrieved June 25, 2025, from https://www.borneonaturefoundation.org/news/bnf-calls-for-joint-efforts-to-preserve-the-rungan-landscape/ < | |||
Rungan Conservation. (2025). Ecological & ethnographic research for Rungan conservation. Retrieved June 25, 2025, from https://sites.google.com/view/rungan-conservation | <span id="R01564"></span>Rungan Conservation. (2025). Ecological & ethnographic research for Rungan conservation. Retrieved June 25, 2025, from https://sites.google.com/view/rungan-conservation | ||
<span id="R01565"></span>Sherman, J., Voigt, M., Ancrenaz, M., Wich, S. A., Qomariah, I. N., Lyman, E., …, & Meijaard, E. (2022). Orangutan killing and trade in Indonesia: Wildlife crime, enforcement, and deterrence patterns. ''Biological Conservation'', 276, 109744. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109744 doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109744] | |||
'''Page created by: '''Aime Mizero''' Date:''' 2025-05-29 | '''Page created by: '''Aime Mizero''' Date:''' 2025-05-29 | ||
Latest revision as of 16:30, 12 October 2026
Asia > Indonesia > Rungan Landscape
Français | Português | Español | Bahasa Indonesia | Melayu
Summary
- Southwest Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) are present in Rungan Landscape.
- The population size is unknown.
- The orangutan population trend is unknown.
- The total site area is 1,500 km².
- The main reported threats include illegal logging activities, mining and agricultural expansion.
- The main conservation activities have focused on raising awareness in the community and restoring habitats.
Site characteristics
The Rungan Landscape spans more than 150,000 hectares and supports a significant population of wild Bornean orangutans. Due to its lack of formal protection, parts of the area are being cleared for plantation development. This situation led the Borneo Nature Foundation (BNF) to conduct surveys in 2017–2018 to identify regions with High Conservation Value, according to Field Director Bernat Ripoll Capilla. Roughly twice the size of Singapore, the landscape features a diverse mix of habitats, including peat swamps, heath forests, riverine forests, and large sections of forest dominated by tall Ulin (ironwood) trees (Borneo Nature Foundation 2019).
Table 1. Basic site information for Rungan Landscape
| Species | Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii |
| Area | 1,500 km² |
| Coordinates | Lat: -1.9 , Lon: 113.9 |
| Type of site | Non-protected area (Mixed use conservation activity area) |
| Habitat types | Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Subtropical/tropical swamp forest |
| Type of governance |
Types of sites Governance types Habitat types
Ape status
Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Rungan Landscape
| Species | Year | Occurrence | Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day) | Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) | Abundance estimate (95% CI) | Survey area | Sampling method | Analytical framework | Source | Comments | A.P.E.S. database ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii |
Sampling methods Analytical frameworks
Threats
Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Rungan Landscape
| Category | Specific threats | Threat level | Description | Year of threat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Agriculture & aquaculture | 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops | Present (unknown severity) | Some parts of the landsccape are being converted into agricultural plantation, due to the lack of an official protected status (Borneo Nature Foundation 2019). | Ongoing (2019) |
| 3 Energy production & mining | 3.2 Mining & quarrying | Present (unknown severity) | Illegal mining activities reported, details unknown (Rungan Conservation 2025). | Ongoing (2025) |
| 5 Biological resource use | 5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | Present (unknown severity) | Illegal logging activities are also reported (Rungan Conservation 2025). | Ongoing (2025) |
Conservation activities
Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Rungan Landscape
| Category | Specific activity | Description | Implementing organization(s) | Year of activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 Protection & restoration | 5.6 Habitat restoration | Habitat management activities were reported to be present (Sherman et al. 2022). | 2016-Ongoing (2022) | |
| 4 Education & awareness | Other | Community outreach and capacity building (Sherman et al. 2022). | 2016-Ongoing (2022) |
Challenges
Table 5. Challenges reported for Rungan Landscape
| Challenges | Specific challenges | Source | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 Institutional support | 4.3 Lack of protected area status | Since the landscape lacks a formal protected status, parts of it are being opened up for plantation development (Borneo Nature Foundation 2019). | Ongoing (2019) |
Enablers
Research activities
Research activities have been reported in Rungan Landscape (Sherman et al. 2022).
Documented behaviours
Exposure to climate change impacts
External links
References
Borneo Nature Foundation. (2019, March 5). BNF calls for joint efforts to preserve the Rungan Landscape. Retrieved June 25, 2025, from https://www.borneonaturefoundation.org/news/bnf-calls-for-joint-efforts-to-preserve-the-rungan-landscape/
Rungan Conservation. (2025). Ecological & ethnographic research for Rungan conservation. Retrieved June 25, 2025, from https://sites.google.com/view/rungan-conservation
Sherman, J., Voigt, M., Ancrenaz, M., Wich, S. A., Qomariah, I. N., Lyman, E., …, & Meijaard, E. (2022). Orangutan killing and trade in Indonesia: Wildlife crime, enforcement, and deterrence patterns. Biological Conservation, 276, 109744. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109744
Page created by: Aime Mizero Date: 2025-05-29