Sungai Wain Protected Forest: Difference between revisions
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= Site characteristics = | = Site characteristics = | ||
Located near Balikpapan, Borneo’s fourth-largest city, the Sungai Wain Protection Forest is an exceptional area of biodiversity. Roughly half of the forest remains intact as primary coastal lowland dipterocarp rainforest, supporting the full range of native species. Although around 40% of the forest was affected by the devastating 1998 fires, effective protection measures have since prevented further major incidents, allowing the ecosystem to recover. Nonetheless, approximately 830 hectares were lost again during the 2015 El Niño event (Sugianto 2017). | Located near Balikpapan, Borneo’s fourth-largest city, the Sungai Wain Protection Forest is an exceptional area of biodiversity. Roughly half of the forest remains intact as primary coastal lowland dipterocarp rainforest, supporting the full range of native species. Although around 40% of the forest was affected by the devastating 1998 fires, effective protection measures have since prevented further major incidents, allowing the ecosystem to recover. Nonetheless, approximately 830 hectares were lost again during the 2015 El Niño event ([[#R01739|Sugianto 2017]]). | ||
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Sungai Wain Protected Forest''' | '''Table 1. Basic site information for Sungai Wain Protected Forest''' | ||
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|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | |5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | ||
|Present (unknown severity) | |Present (unknown severity) | ||
|Illegal logging activities reported present (Orangutan Conservancy 2012, Gokkon 2023). | |Illegal logging activities reported present ([[#R01736|Orangutan Conservancy 2012]], Gokkon 2023). | ||
|2012-Ongoing (2023) | |2012-Ongoing (2023) | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|7.1 Fire & fire suppression | |7.1 Fire & fire suppression | ||
|High (more than 70% of population affected) | |High (more than 70% of population affected) | ||
|The 1997–98 El Niño severely impacted large areas of the reserve, followed by a 2015 fire that destroyed approximately 800 hectares of recovering forest. Such fires pose a serious threat to orangutan habitats and may force habituated individuals to relocate (The Orangutan Project 2022). | |The 1997–98 El Niño severely impacted large areas of the reserve, followed by a 2015 fire that destroyed approximately 800 hectares of recovering forest. Such fires pose a serious threat to orangutan habitats and may force habituated individuals to relocate (The [[#R01737|Orangutan Project 2022]]). | ||
|1998-2015 | |1998-2015 | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|2 Counter-wildlife crime | |2 Counter-wildlife crime | ||
|2.12 Implement community control of patrolling, banning hunting and removing snares | |2.12 Implement community control of patrolling, banning hunting and removing snares | ||
|Community led patrol teams support forest protection and monitoring efforts, and play a crucial role in effective fire-fighting during drought periods (The Orangutan Project 2022, Sherman et al. 2022). | |Community led patrol teams support forest protection and monitoring efforts, and play a crucial role in effective fire-fighting during drought periods (The [[#R01737|Orangutan Project 2022]], [[#R01738|Sherman et al. 2022]]). | ||
|Pro Natura Foundation, The Orangutan Project | |Pro Natura Foundation, The Orangutan Project | ||
|2002-2012, 2016-Ongoing (2022) | |2002-2012, 2016-Ongoing (2022) | ||
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|5 Protection & restoration | |5 Protection & restoration | ||
|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat | |5.2 Legally protect ape habitat | ||
|The site has held protected area status since 1998 (Sherman et al. 2022). | |The site has held protected area status since 1998 ([[#R01738|Sherman et al. 2022]]). | ||
| | | | ||
|1998-Ongoing (2026) | |1998-Ongoing (2026) | ||
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|5 Protection & restoration | |5 Protection & restoration | ||
|5.6 Habitat restoration | |5.6 Habitat restoration | ||
|Habitat management activities were reported to be present (Sherman et al. 2022). | |Habitat management activities were reported to be present ([[#R01738|Sherman et al. 2022]]). | ||
| | | | ||
|Ongoing (2022) | |Ongoing (2022) | ||
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= Research activities = | = Research activities = | ||
Research activities were reported to be present in the Sungai Wain Protected Forest during the period from 1990 to 2010 (Sherman et al. 2022). | Research activities were reported to be present in the Sungai Wain Protected Forest during the period from 1990 to 2010 ([[#R01738|Sherman et al. 2022]]). | ||
= Documented behaviours = | = Documented behaviours = | ||
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= References = | = References = | ||
<span id="R01736"></span>Orangutan Conservancy. (2012). Rehabilitated orangutans in danger if industrial project proceeds. https://orangutan.com/orangutan-news-rehabilitated-orangutans-in-danger-if-industrial-project-proceeds/ | |||
Orangutan Conservancy. (2012). Rehabilitated orangutans in danger if industrial project proceeds. | |||
<span id="R01737"></span>Orangutan Project, The. (2022, October 4). Protecting Borneo’s Sungai Wain forest from fire [Web log post]. https://www.theorangutanproject.org/weblog/2022/10/04/protecting-borneos-sungai-wain-forest-fire/ | |||
<span id="R01738"></span>Sherman, J., Voigt, M., Ancrenaz, M., Wich, S. A., Qomariah, I. N., Lyman, E., …, & Meijaard, E. (2022). Orangutan killing and trade in Indonesia: Wildlife crime, enforcement, and deterrence patterns. ''Biological Conservation'', 276, 109744. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109744 doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109744] | |||
<span id="R01739"></span>Sugianto, S. (2017, May 5). Primate population monitoring in the Sungai Wain Protection Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The Rufford Foundation. https://www.rufford.org/projects/sugi-sugianto/primate-population-monitoring-in-the-sungai-wain-protection-forest-east-kalimantan-indonesia/ | |||
'''Page created by: '''Aime Mizero''' Date:''' 2025-05-30 | '''Page created by: '''Aime Mizero''' Date:''' 2025-05-30 | ||
Latest revision as of 16:31, 12 October 2026
Asia > Indonesia > Sungai Wain Protected Forest
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Summary
- Northeast Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus morio) are present in Sungai Wain Protected Forest.
- The orangutan population size is unknown.
- The orangutan population trend is unknown.
- The site has a total size of 112.45 km².
- The main reported threats include recurring wildfires, illegal logging and poaching.
- Conservation efforts have primarily centered on rehabilitating natural habitats, and community led patrols.
Site characteristics
Located near Balikpapan, Borneo’s fourth-largest city, the Sungai Wain Protection Forest is an exceptional area of biodiversity. Roughly half of the forest remains intact as primary coastal lowland dipterocarp rainforest, supporting the full range of native species. Although around 40% of the forest was affected by the devastating 1998 fires, effective protection measures have since prevented further major incidents, allowing the ecosystem to recover. Nonetheless, approximately 830 hectares were lost again during the 2015 El Niño event (Sugianto 2017).
Table 1. Basic site information for Sungai Wain Protected Forest
| Species | Pongo pygmaeus morio |
| Area | 112.45 km² |
| Coordinates | Lat: -1.1 , Lon: 116.85 |
| Type of site | Protected area (Protection Forest) |
| Habitat types | Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest |
| Type of governance |
Types of sites Governance types Habitat types
Ape status
Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Sungai Wain Protected Forest
| Species | Year | Occurrence | Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day) | Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) | Abundance estimate (95% CI) | Survey area | Sampling method | Analytical framework | Source | Comments | A.P.E.S. database ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pongo pygmaeus morio |
Sampling methods Analytical frameworks
Threats
Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Sungai Wain Protected Forest
| Category | Specific threats | Threat level | Description | Year of threat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 Biological resource use | 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | Present (unknown severity) | Wildlife poaching reported, details unknown (Gokkon 2023). | Ongoing (2023) |
| 5 Biological resource use | 5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | Present (unknown severity) | Illegal logging activities reported present (Orangutan Conservancy 2012, Gokkon 2023). | 2012-Ongoing (2023) |
| 7 Natural system modifications | 7.1 Fire & fire suppression | High (more than 70% of population affected) | The 1997–98 El Niño severely impacted large areas of the reserve, followed by a 2015 fire that destroyed approximately 800 hectares of recovering forest. Such fires pose a serious threat to orangutan habitats and may force habituated individuals to relocate (The Orangutan Project 2022). | 1998-2015 |
Conservation activities
Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Sungai Wain Protected Forest
| Category | Specific activity | Description | Implementing organization(s) | Year of activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Counter-wildlife crime | 2.12 Implement community control of patrolling, banning hunting and removing snares | Community led patrol teams support forest protection and monitoring efforts, and play a crucial role in effective fire-fighting during drought periods (The Orangutan Project 2022, Sherman et al. 2022). | Pro Natura Foundation, The Orangutan Project | 2002-2012, 2016-Ongoing (2022) |
| 5 Protection & restoration | 5.2 Legally protect ape habitat | The site has held protected area status since 1998 (Sherman et al. 2022). | 1998-Ongoing (2026) | |
| 5 Protection & restoration | 5.6 Habitat restoration | Habitat management activities were reported to be present (Sherman et al. 2022). | Ongoing (2022) |
Challenges
Enablers
Research activities
Research activities were reported to be present in the Sungai Wain Protected Forest during the period from 1990 to 2010 (Sherman et al. 2022).
Documented behaviours
Exposure to climate change impacts
External links
References
Orangutan Conservancy. (2012). Rehabilitated orangutans in danger if industrial project proceeds. https://orangutan.com/orangutan-news-rehabilitated-orangutans-in-danger-if-industrial-project-proceeds/
Orangutan Project, The. (2022, October 4). Protecting Borneo’s Sungai Wain forest from fire [Web log post]. https://www.theorangutanproject.org/weblog/2022/10/04/protecting-borneos-sungai-wain-forest-fire/
Sherman, J., Voigt, M., Ancrenaz, M., Wich, S. A., Qomariah, I. N., Lyman, E., …, & Meijaard, E. (2022). Orangutan killing and trade in Indonesia: Wildlife crime, enforcement, and deterrence patterns. Biological Conservation, 276, 109744. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109744
Sugianto, S. (2017, May 5). Primate population monitoring in the Sungai Wain Protection Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The Rufford Foundation. https://www.rufford.org/projects/sugi-sugianto/primate-population-monitoring-in-the-sungai-wain-protection-forest-east-kalimantan-indonesia/
Page created by: Aime Mizero Date: 2025-05-30