Ulu Segama-Malua: Difference between revisions
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= Site characteristics = | = Site characteristics = | ||
The Ulu Segama-Malua (USM) landscape is located in the Malaysian state of Sabah between 116°28′E and 4°14′N and comprises approximately 240,000 hectares of lowland forest (WWF 2020, Ancrenaz et al. 2010). The site sustains one of the largest orangutan populations in Sabah (WWF 2020). To the north of USM, Bukit Piton Forest Reserve (12,000 ha) is found, which is an area of high conservation value (WWF 2020). The USM landscape consists of a variably steep terrain, with many hills and ridges, although Malua's topography is predominantly flat and low (Ancrenaz et al. 2010). | The Ulu Segama-Malua (USM) landscape is located in the Malaysian state of Sabah between 116°28′E and 4°14′N and comprises approximately 240,000 hectares of lowland forest ([[#R01861|WWF 2020]], [[#R01859|Ancrenaz et al. 2010]]). The site sustains one of the largest orangutan populations in Sabah ([[#R01861|WWF 2020]]). To the north of USM, Bukit Piton Forest Reserve (12,000 ha) is found, which is an area of high conservation value ([[#R01861|WWF 2020]]). The USM landscape consists of a variably steep terrain, with many hills and ridges, although Malua's topography is predominantly flat and low ([[#R01859|Ancrenaz et al. 2010]]). | ||
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Ulu Segama-Malua''' | '''Table 1. Basic site information for Ulu Segama-Malua''' | ||
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= Ape status = | = Ape status = | ||
Surveys in 2002 and 2007 show that orangutan populations can be maintained in forests that have been lightly and sustainably logged (Ancrenaz et al. 2010). However, in heavily logged forests there was a decline in orangutan numbers (Ancrenaz et al. 2010). Nest distribution in the forests of Ulu Segama Malua indicates that orangutans leave areas undergoing active disturbance, reaching forests that are located up to 500 meters above sea level (Ancrenaz et al. 2010). | Surveys in 2002 and 2007 show that orangutan populations can be maintained in forests that have been lightly and sustainably logged ([[#R01859|Ancrenaz et al. 2010]]). However, in heavily logged forests there was a decline in orangutan numbers ([[#R01859|Ancrenaz et al. 2010]]). Nest distribution in the forests of Ulu Segama Malua indicates that orangutans leave areas undergoing active disturbance, reaching forests that are located up to 500 meters above sea level ([[#R01859|Ancrenaz et al. 2010]]). | ||
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Ulu Segama-Malua''' | '''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Ulu Segama-Malua''' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|''Pongo pygmaeus morio'' | |''Pongo pygmaeus morio'' | ||
| | |2007 | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|0.13 (0.04-0.39) | |||
| | | | ||
|Segama East | |||
|Segama | |||
|Aerial (drones/plane/helicopter) | |Aerial (drones/plane/helicopter) | ||
| | | | ||
|Ancrenaz et al. | |[[#R01859|Ancrenaz et al. 2010]] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 76: | Line 76: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | |0.79 (0.29-2.16) | ||
| | | | ||
| | |Segama Central | ||
|Aerial (drones/plane/helicopter) | |Aerial (drones/plane/helicopter) | ||
| | | | ||
|Ancrenaz et al. 2010 | |[[#R01859|Ancrenaz et al. 2010]] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 89: | Line 89: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | |1.52 (0.5-4.1) | ||
| | | | ||
|Segama | |North Ulu Segama | ||
|Aerial (drones/plane/helicopter) | |Aerial (drones/plane/helicopter) | ||
| | | | ||
|Ancrenaz et al. 2010 | |[[#R01859|Ancrenaz et al. 2010]] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 102: | Line 102: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | |1.64 (0.58-4.52) | ||
| | | | ||
| | |Malua | ||
|Aerial (drones/plane/helicopter) | |Aerial (drones/plane/helicopter) | ||
| | | | ||
|Ancrenaz et al. 2010 | |[[#R01859|Ancrenaz et al. 2010]] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 120: | Line 120: | ||
|Aerial (drones/plane/helicopter) | |Aerial (drones/plane/helicopter) | ||
| | | | ||
|Ancrenaz et al. 2010 | |[[#R01859|Ancrenaz et al. 2010]] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|''Pongo pygmaeus morio'' | |''Pongo pygmaeus morio'' | ||
| | |2002 | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | |4,584 (2,064-11,064) | ||
|Segama forests | |||
|Aerial (drones/plane/helicopter) | |Aerial (drones/plane/helicopter) | ||
| | | | ||
|Ancrenaz et al. | |[[#R01860|Ancrenaz et al. 2005]] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 146: | Line 146: | ||
|Aerial (drones/plane/helicopter) | |Aerial (drones/plane/helicopter) | ||
| | | | ||
|Ancrenaz et al. 2010 | |[[#R01859|Ancrenaz et al. 2010]] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 154: | Line 154: | ||
= Threats = | = Threats = | ||
Surveys in 2002 and 2007 show that orangutan populations can be maintained in forests that have been lightly and sustainably logged (Ancrenaz et al. 2010). However, in heavily logged forests there was a decline in orangutan numbers (Ancrenaz et al. 2010). Nest distribution in the forests of Ulu Segama Malua indicates that orangutans leave areas undergoing active disturbance, reaching forests that are located up to 500 meters above sea level (Ancrenaz et al. 2010). | Surveys in 2002 and 2007 show that orangutan populations can be maintained in forests that have been lightly and sustainably logged ([[#R01859|Ancrenaz et al. 2010]]). However, in heavily logged forests there was a decline in orangutan numbers ([[#R01859|Ancrenaz et al. 2010]]). Nest distribution in the forests of Ulu Segama Malua indicates that orangutans leave areas undergoing active disturbance, reaching forests that are located up to 500 meters above sea level ([[#R01859|Ancrenaz et al. 2010]]). | ||
'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Ulu Segama-Malua''' | '''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Ulu Segama-Malua''' | ||
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|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops | |2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops | ||
|High (more than 70% of population affected) | |High (more than 70% of population affected) | ||
|Oil palm plantations surround the landscape, especially along the eastern and northern borders (Ancrenaz et al. 2010, WWF 2020). | |Oil palm plantations surround the landscape, especially along the eastern and northern borders ([[#R01859|Ancrenaz et al. 2010]], [[#R01861|WWF 2020]]). | ||
|2010-Ongoing (2020) | |2010-Ongoing (2020) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 173: | Line 173: | ||
|4.1 Roads & railroads | |4.1 Roads & railroads | ||
|High (more than 70% of population affected) | |High (more than 70% of population affected) | ||
|Logging roads that are present in higher frequency in overdegraded forests (Ancrenaz et al. 2010). | |Logging roads that are present in higher frequency in overdegraded forests ([[#R01859|Ancrenaz et al. 2010]]). | ||
|Ongoing (2010) | |Ongoing (2010) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 179: | Line 179: | ||
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | |5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | ||
|High (more than 70% of population affected) | |High (more than 70% of population affected) | ||
|Heavy logging has led to decreased orangutan abundance at the site, as well as forest fragmentation (Ancrenaz et al 2010). | |Heavy logging has led to decreased orangutan abundance at the site, as well as forest fragmentation ([[#R01859|Ancrenaz et al 2010]]). | ||
|Ongoing (2010) | |Ongoing (2010) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 185: | Line 185: | ||
|7.1 Fire & fire suppression | |7.1 Fire & fire suppression | ||
|Present (unknown severity) | |Present (unknown severity) | ||
|Fires to clear land, but also due to severe droughts (Ancrenaz et al. 2010). | |Fires to clear land, but also due to severe droughts ([[#R01859|Ancrenaz et al. 2010]]). | ||
|Ongoing (2010) | |Ongoing (2010) | ||
|} | |} | ||
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= Conservation activities = | = Conservation activities = | ||
Conventional logging practices and heavy extraction rates, coupled with high road densities and indiscriminate felling, has resulted in a mosaic of highly degraded forests bordering hilltops and isolated patches of moderate habitat; in other words, habitat in the USM landscape is very heterogeneous (Ancrenaz et al. 2010). Multiple logging cycles that began in 1957 and ended in 2007 led to drastic alterations in the original forest structure and integrity (Ancrenaz et al. 2010). Forest fragmentation has forced the orangutan population to spread into less suitable habitats (Ancrenaz et al. 2010). | Conventional logging practices and heavy extraction rates, coupled with high road densities and indiscriminate felling, has resulted in a mosaic of highly degraded forests bordering hilltops and isolated patches of moderate habitat; in other words, habitat in the USM landscape is very heterogeneous ([[#R01859|Ancrenaz et al. 2010]]). Multiple logging cycles that began in 1957 and ended in 2007 led to drastic alterations in the original forest structure and integrity ([[#R01859|Ancrenaz et al. 2010]]). Forest fragmentation has forced the orangutan population to spread into less suitable habitats ([[#R01859|Ancrenaz et al. 2010]]). | ||
'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Ulu Segama-Malua''' | '''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Ulu Segama-Malua''' | ||
| Line 204: | Line 204: | ||
|5 Protection & restoration | |5 Protection & restoration | ||
|5.6 Habitat restoration | |5.6 Habitat restoration | ||
|Restoration in the Bukit Piton forest is intended to have a positive impact on the rest of the landscape by connecting key patches of forest (WWF 2020). | |Restoration in the Bukit Piton forest is intended to have a positive impact on the rest of the landscape by connecting key patches of forest ([[#R01861|WWF 2020]]). | ||
| | | | ||
|Ongoing (2020) | |Ongoing (2020) | ||
| Line 313: | Line 313: | ||
= References = | = References = | ||
Ancrenaz, M., Ambu, L., Sunjoto, I., Ahmad, E., Manokaran, K., Meijaard, E., & Lackman, I. (2010). Recent | <span id="R01859"></span>Ancrenaz, M., Ambu, L., Sunjoto, I., Ahmad, E., Manokaran, K., Meijaard, E., & Lackman, I. (2010). Recent Surveys in the Forests of Ulu Segama Malua, Sabah, Malaysia, Show That Orang-utans (P. p. morio) Can Be Maintained in Slightly Logged Forests. ''PLoS ONE'', 5(7), e11510. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011510 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011510] | ||
Ancrenaz, M., Gimenez, O., Ambu, L., Ancrenaz, K., Andau, P., Goossens, B., ... & Lackman-Ancrenaz, I. (2005). Aerial surveys give new estimates for orangutans in Sabah, Malaysia. PLoS Biology, 3(1), e3. | <span id="R01860"></span>Ancrenaz, M., Gimenez, O., Ambu, L., Ancrenaz, K., Andau, P., Goossens, B., ... & Lackman-Ancrenaz, I. (2005). Aerial surveys give new estimates for orangutans in Sabah, Malaysia. PLoS Biology, 3(1), e3. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0030003 doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030003] | ||
WWF (2020). Lessons Learnt from 12 Years Restoring the Orangutan’s Habitat: the Bukit Piton Forest Reserve in the Malaysian State of Sabah. Online: https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?364737/WWF-field-series-Lessons-learnt-from-restoring-the-orangutan-habitat-in-the-Malaysian-State-of-Sabah | <span id="R01861"></span>WWF (2020). Lessons Learnt from 12 Years Restoring the Orangutan’s Habitat: the Bukit Piton Forest Reserve in the Malaysian State of Sabah. Online: https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?364737/WWF-field-series-Lessons-learnt-from-restoring-the-orangutan-habitat-in-the-Malaysian-State-of-Sabah | ||
'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2021-11-16 | '''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2021-11-16 | ||
Latest revision as of 16:31, 12 October 2026
Asia > Malaysia > Ulu Segama-Malua
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Summary
- Northeast Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus morio) are present in the Ulu Segama-Malua landscape.
- It has been estimated that 2,580 (CI: 1,295-5,866) individuals occur in the site.
- The orangutan population trend is unknown.
- The site has a total size of 2,400 km².
- Key threats to orangutans include logging, forest degradation and fragmentation.
- Conservation activities have focused on habitat restoration.
Site characteristics
The Ulu Segama-Malua (USM) landscape is located in the Malaysian state of Sabah between 116°28′E and 4°14′N and comprises approximately 240,000 hectares of lowland forest (WWF 2020, Ancrenaz et al. 2010). The site sustains one of the largest orangutan populations in Sabah (WWF 2020). To the north of USM, Bukit Piton Forest Reserve (12,000 ha) is found, which is an area of high conservation value (WWF 2020). The USM landscape consists of a variably steep terrain, with many hills and ridges, although Malua's topography is predominantly flat and low (Ancrenaz et al. 2010).
Table 1. Basic site information for Ulu Segama-Malua
| Species | Pongo pygmaeus morio |
| Area | 2,400 km² |
| Coordinates | Lat: 4.956727 , Lon: 117.878134 |
| Type of site | Non-protected area |
| Habitat types | Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Subtropical/tropical heavily degraded former forest |
| Type of governance |
Types of sites Governance types Habitat types
Ape status
Surveys in 2002 and 2007 show that orangutan populations can be maintained in forests that have been lightly and sustainably logged (Ancrenaz et al. 2010). However, in heavily logged forests there was a decline in orangutan numbers (Ancrenaz et al. 2010). Nest distribution in the forests of Ulu Segama Malua indicates that orangutans leave areas undergoing active disturbance, reaching forests that are located up to 500 meters above sea level (Ancrenaz et al. 2010).
Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Ulu Segama-Malua
| Species | Year | Occurrence | Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day) | Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) | Abundance estimate (95% CI) | Survey area | Sampling method | Analytical framework | Source | Comments | A.P.E.S. database ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pongo pygmaeus morio | 2007 | 0.13 (0.04-0.39) | Segama East | Aerial (drones/plane/helicopter) | Ancrenaz et al. 2010 | ||||||
| Pongo pygmaeus morio | 2007 | 0.79 (0.29-2.16) | Segama Central | Aerial (drones/plane/helicopter) | Ancrenaz et al. 2010 | ||||||
| Pongo pygmaeus morio | 2007 | 1.52 (0.5-4.1) | North Ulu Segama | Aerial (drones/plane/helicopter) | Ancrenaz et al. 2010 | ||||||
| Pongo pygmaeus morio | 2007 | 1.64 (0.58-4.52) | Malua | Aerial (drones/plane/helicopter) | Ancrenaz et al. 2010 | ||||||
| Pongo pygmaeus morio | 2007 | 1.76 (0.64-4.80) | Segama South West | Aerial (drones/plane/helicopter) | Ancrenaz et al. 2010 | ||||||
| Pongo pygmaeus morio | 2002 | 4,584 (2,064-11,064) | Segama forests | Aerial (drones/plane/helicopter) | Ancrenaz et al. 2005 | ||||||
| Pongo pygmaeus morio | 2007 | 2,580 (1,295-5,866) | USM forests, total | Aerial (drones/plane/helicopter) | Ancrenaz et al. 2010 |
Sampling methods Analytical frameworks
Threats
Surveys in 2002 and 2007 show that orangutan populations can be maintained in forests that have been lightly and sustainably logged (Ancrenaz et al. 2010). However, in heavily logged forests there was a decline in orangutan numbers (Ancrenaz et al. 2010). Nest distribution in the forests of Ulu Segama Malua indicates that orangutans leave areas undergoing active disturbance, reaching forests that are located up to 500 meters above sea level (Ancrenaz et al. 2010).
Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Ulu Segama-Malua
| Category | Specific threats | Threat level | Description | Year of threat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Agriculture & aquaculture | 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops | High (more than 70% of population affected) | Oil palm plantations surround the landscape, especially along the eastern and northern borders (Ancrenaz et al. 2010, WWF 2020). | 2010-Ongoing (2020) |
| 4 Transportation & service corridors | 4.1 Roads & railroads | High (more than 70% of population affected) | Logging roads that are present in higher frequency in overdegraded forests (Ancrenaz et al. 2010). | Ongoing (2010) |
| 5 Biological resource use | 5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | High (more than 70% of population affected) | Heavy logging has led to decreased orangutan abundance at the site, as well as forest fragmentation (Ancrenaz et al 2010). | Ongoing (2010) |
| 7 Natural system modifications | 7.1 Fire & fire suppression | Present (unknown severity) | Fires to clear land, but also due to severe droughts (Ancrenaz et al. 2010). | Ongoing (2010) |
Conservation activities
Conventional logging practices and heavy extraction rates, coupled with high road densities and indiscriminate felling, has resulted in a mosaic of highly degraded forests bordering hilltops and isolated patches of moderate habitat; in other words, habitat in the USM landscape is very heterogeneous (Ancrenaz et al. 2010). Multiple logging cycles that began in 1957 and ended in 2007 led to drastic alterations in the original forest structure and integrity (Ancrenaz et al. 2010). Forest fragmentation has forced the orangutan population to spread into less suitable habitats (Ancrenaz et al. 2010).
Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Ulu Segama-Malua
| Category | Specific activity | Description | Implementing organization(s) | Year of activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 Protection & restoration | 5.6 Habitat restoration | Restoration in the Bukit Piton forest is intended to have a positive impact on the rest of the landscape by connecting key patches of forest (WWF 2020). | Ongoing (2020) |
Challenges
Table 5. Challenges reported for Ulu Segama-Malua
| Challenges | Specific challenges | Source | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Not reported |
Enablers
Table 6. Enablers reported for Ulu Segama-Malua
| Enablers | Specific enablers | Source | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Site management | |||
| 2 Resources and capacity | |||
| 3 Engaged community | |||
| 4 Institutional support | |||
| 5 Ecological context | |||
| 6 Safety and stability |
Research activities
Documented behaviours
Table 7. Behaviours documented for Ulu Segama-Malua
| Category | Behavior | Observation type | Prevalence | Observation dates | Source | Habituation | Species | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not reported |
Exposure to climate change impacts
External links
Ulu Segama Malua - Sabah Forestry Department
References
Ancrenaz, M., Ambu, L., Sunjoto, I., Ahmad, E., Manokaran, K., Meijaard, E., & Lackman, I. (2010). Recent Surveys in the Forests of Ulu Segama Malua, Sabah, Malaysia, Show That Orang-utans (P. p. morio) Can Be Maintained in Slightly Logged Forests. PLoS ONE, 5(7), e11510. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011510
Ancrenaz, M., Gimenez, O., Ambu, L., Ancrenaz, K., Andau, P., Goossens, B., ... & Lackman-Ancrenaz, I. (2005). Aerial surveys give new estimates for orangutans in Sabah, Malaysia. PLoS Biology, 3(1), e3. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030003
WWF (2020). Lessons Learnt from 12 Years Restoring the Orangutan’s Habitat: the Bukit Piton Forest Reserve in the Malaysian State of Sabah. Online: https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?364737/WWF-field-series-Lessons-learnt-from-restoring-the-orangutan-habitat-in-the-Malaysian-State-of-Sabah
Page created by: APES Atlas Team Date: 2021-11-16