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Ouré-Kaba is a sub-prefecture located in the South of the Foutah Djallon in the prefecture of Mamou with a total size of 1,136 sq. km. The area is characterized by a savanna-forest mosaic impacted by anthropogenic usage for agriculture and cattle grazing. Around 20.600 people live in the area with most of them being farmers and cattle pastoralists, but also hunters, loggers and storekeepers. The area is rugged and part of the Foutah Djallon Plateau, and transversed by many streams including Kaba and Pinselli. The area is important in connecting the Foutah Djallon with the Outamba-Kilimi National Park in northern Sierra Leone.
Ouré-Kaba is a sub-prefecture located in the South of the Foutah Djallon in the prefecture of Mamou with a total size of 1,136 sq. km. The area is characterized by a savanna-forest mosaic impacted by anthropogenic usage for agriculture and cattle grazing. Around 20.600 people live in the area with most of them being farmers and cattle pastoralists, but also hunters, loggers and storekeepers. The area is rugged and part of the Foutah Djallon Plateau, and transversed by many streams including Kaba and Pinselli. The area is important in connecting the Foutah Djallon with the Outamba-Kilimi National Park in northern Sierra Leone.


The two Classified Forests (CFs) of Pinselli (or Pinsely / Pinselly) and Soyah (or Souyah / Soya) are part of Ouré-Kaba. Pinselli CF has a total size of 130.00 km2 and was a wildlife reserve in the 1930s that was open to hunting big game (Kormos et al. 2003, UNEP-WCMC & IUCN 2019a). It is characterized by a high biodiversity including locally-protected species of duikers, birds, reptiles, and potentially red colobus (JGI 2007 as cited in WCF 2012). Soyah CF has a size of 84.00 km2 (UNEP-WCMC & IUCN 2019b).
The two Classified Forests (CFs) of Pinselli (or Pinsely / Pinselly) and Soyah (or Souyah / Soya) are part of Ouré-Kaba. Pinselli CF has a total size of 130.00 km2 and was a wildlife reserve in the 1930s that was open to hunting big game ([[#R01512|Kormos et al. 2003]], [[#R01516|UNEP-WCMC & IUCN 2019a]]). It is characterized by a high biodiversity including locally-protected species of duikers, birds, reptiles, and potentially red colobus ([[#R01510|JGI 2007]] as cited in [[#R01518|WCF 2012]]). Soyah CF has a size of 84.00 km2 ([[#R01517|UNEP-WCMC & IUCN 2019b]]).


Despite the relatively strong anthropogenic impact, the area harbors a diversity of primate species including western chimpanzee (''Pan troglodytes verus''), vervet monkey (''Chlorocebus pygerythrus''), sooty mangabey (''Cercocebus atys''), western red colobus (''Piliocolobus badius''), mona monkeys (''Cercopithecus mona''), Guinea baboons (''Papio papio''), and patas monkey (''Erythrocebus patas'', WCF 2012). A survey of Amphibians found 33 amphibin species in the area south of the town Oure Kaba and 27 species in Soyah (Sandberger et al. 2012). However, overall densities of wildlife seem to be rather low (WCF 2012).
Despite the relatively strong anthropogenic impact, the area harbors a diversity of primate species including western chimpanzee (''Pan troglodytes verus''), vervet monkey (''Chlorocebus pygerythrus''), sooty mangabey (''Cercocebus atys''), western red colobus (''Piliocolobus badius''), mona monkeys (''Cercopithecus mona''), Guinea baboons (''Papio papio''), and patas monkey (''Erythrocebus patas'', [[#R01518|WCF 2012]]). A survey of Amphibians found 33 amphibin species in the area south of the town Oure Kaba and 27 species in Soyah ([[#R01515|Sandberger et al. 2012]]). However, overall densities of wildlife seem to be rather low ([[#R01518|WCF 2012]]).


Ouré-Kaba was identified as an important area for the protection of biodiversity by several programs and researchers: It was identified as a priority area for the protection of the western chimpanzee in the National Action Plan for Chimpanzee Conservation in Guinea from 2005. It was also identified as ‘Priority Zone 1’ by the STEWARD program (Sustainable and Thriving Environments for West African Regional Development funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the United States Forest Service / International Programs (USFS/IP) (WCF 2015). Furthermore, Brugière & Kormos (2009) identified Pinselli and Soyah CFs as a Key Biodiversity Area (KBA).
Ouré-Kaba was identified as an important area for the protection of biodiversity by several programs and researchers: It was identified as a priority area for the protection of the western chimpanzee in the National Action Plan for Chimpanzee Conservation in Guinea from 2005. It was also identified as ‘Priority Zone 1’ by the STEWARD program (Sustainable and Thriving Environments for West African Regional Development funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the United States Forest Service / International Programs (USFS/IP) ([[#R01519|WCF 2015]]). Furthermore, Brugière & Kormos (2009) identified Pinselli and Soyah CFs as a Key Biodiversity Area (KBA).


'''Table 1. Basic site information for Proposed Pinselli-Soyah-Sabouyah National Park'''
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Proposed Pinselli-Soyah-Sabouyah National Park'''
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= Ape status =
= Ape status =


In the nationwide survey by Rebecca Kormos the presence of chimpanzees around villages throughout Ouré-Kaba was confirmed based on a questionnaire survey (Ham 1998). A transect survey in the same area established relatively low chimpanzee densities (Ham 1998). In 2005 the [https://www.janegoodall.org.uk/?catid=0&id=29  Jane Goodall Institute] started working in the area and found a high biodiversity and the presence of chimps (JGI 2007 as cited in WCF 2012). The associated report is not publicly available. In 2009 the [http://www.wildchimps.org  Wild Chimpanzee Foundation] in collaboration with the [https://www.janegoodall.org.uk  Jane Goodall Institute UK] and the Direction Nationale pour les Eaux et Forêts (DNEF) surveyed an area in the south-west of Ouré-Kaba (WCF 2012). Ouré-Kaba was also surveyed as part of the Foutah Djallon wide survey by the WCF in 2011 and while chimpanzee densities were low, they were present throughout the entire area (WCF 2012).
In the nationwide survey by Rebecca Kormos the presence of chimpanzees around villages throughout Ouré-Kaba was confirmed based on a questionnaire survey ([[#R01509|Ham 1998]]). A transect survey in the same area established relatively low chimpanzee densities ([[#R01509|Ham 1998]]). In 2005 the [https://www.janegoodall.org.uk/?catid=0&id=29  Jane Goodall Institute] started working in the area and found a high biodiversity and the presence of chimps ([[#R01510|JGI 2007]] as cited in [[#R01518|WCF 2012]]). The associated report is not publicly available. In 2009 the [http://www.wildchimps.org  Wild Chimpanzee Foundation] in collaboration with the [https://www.janegoodall.org.uk  Jane Goodall Institute UK] and the Direction Nationale pour les Eaux et Forêts (DNEF) surveyed an area in the south-west of Ouré-Kaba ([[#R01518|WCF 2012]]). Ouré-Kaba was also surveyed as part of the Foutah Djallon wide survey by the [[#R02138|WCF in 2011]] and while chimpanzee densities were low, they were present throughout the entire area ([[#R01518|WCF 2012]]).


'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Proposed Pinselli-Soyah-Sabouyah National Park'''
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Proposed Pinselli-Soyah-Sabouyah National Park'''
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|-
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|1997
|2009
|
|1.45
|0.17 (0.07-0.42)
|86 (36-207)
|490 km2 in South-western Ouré-Kaba
|Line transects
|
|[[#R01518|WCF 2012]]
|Total survey effort: 47.6 km
|GIN0002, GIN0010<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="+9 more" data-collapsetext="less">GIN0016, GIN0020, GIN0023, GIN0024, GIN0025, GIN0027, GIN0029, GIN0036, GIN0069</div>
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2005
|Present
|Present
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Villages throughout Oure-Kaba
|Ouré‐Kaba (with Pinselli and Soyah Classified Forests)
|Interviews
|Unknown
|
|
|Ham 1998
|[[#R01510|JGI 2007]] as cited in [[#R01518|WCF 2012]]
|Questionnaire survey
|
|
|GIN0002, GIN0010<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="+9 more" data-collapsetext="less">GIN0016, GIN0020, GIN0023, GIN0024, GIN0025, GIN0027, GIN0029, GIN0036, GIN0069</div>
|-
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
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|Line transects
|Line transects
|
|
|Ham 1998
|[[#R01509|Ham 1998]]
|Total survey effort: 5.2 km, 25 nests found
|Total survey effort: 5.2 km, 25 nests found
|
|GIN0019, GIN0021
|-
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2009
|1997
|
|1.45
|0.17 (0.07-0.42)
|86 (36-207)
|490 km2 in South-western Ouré-Kaba
|Line transects
|
|WCF 2012
|Total survey effort: 47.6 km
|
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2005
|Present
|Present
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Ouré‐Kaba (with Pinselli and Soyah Classified Forests)
|Villages throughout Oure-Kaba
|Unknown
|Interviews
|
|JGI 2007 as cited in WCF 2012
|
|
|
|[[#R01509|Ham 1998]]
|Questionnaire survey
|GIN0019, GIN0021
|}
|}


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= Threats =
= Threats =


Large parts of Ouré-Kaba are used for agriculture, including slash and burn practices, and cattle grazing (WCF 2012). The WCF estimated that around one third of the area are used for agriculture. Signs of other human pressures such as hunting, logging, settlements and fire were present, but encounter rates were low (WCF 2012). However, a rapid assessment on the status of classified forests in Guinea by the Program for Environmental Governance in Guinea (PEGG) stated that during political unrest in 2007 and 2008 Pinselli and Soyah were heavily impacted by illegal logging, and that 50 ha of fruit plantation in Pinselli were given to federal employees (PEGG 2012). Hunting pressure is low as local traditions discourage bushmeat consumption, especially for primates and swine (WCF 2012). A railway that would cut through this area, including directly through Pinselli CF has been proposed to transport extracted minerals to ports at the coast of Guinea as part of the Simandou Project (Rio Tinto 2013). The current status of this project is not clear. In addition, there are plans to develop a hydroelectric site at Kassa very close to the Guinean-Sierra-Leonean border, only 12 km from Pinselli CF that could impact the area. However, while a feasibility study was commissioned, the current status or whether it will be developed is not clear (ECOWAPP 2011).
Large parts of Ouré-Kaba are used for agriculture, including slash and burn practices, and cattle grazing ([[#R01518|WCF 2012]]). The WCF estimated that around one third of the area are used for agriculture. Signs of other human pressures such as hunting, logging, settlements and fire were present, but encounter rates were low ([[#R01518|WCF 2012]]). However, a rapid assessment on the status of classified forests in Guinea by the Program for Environmental Governance in Guinea (PEGG) stated that during political unrest in 2007 and 2008 Pinselli and Soyah were heavily impacted by illegal logging, and that 50 ha of fruit plantation in Pinselli were given to federal employees ([[#R01513|PEGG 2012]]). Hunting pressure is low as local traditions discourage bushmeat consumption, especially for primates and swine ([[#R01518|WCF 2012]]). A railway that would cut through this area, including directly through Pinselli CF has been proposed to transport extracted minerals to ports at the coast of Guinea as part of the Simandou Project ([[#R01514|Rio Tinto 2013]]). The current status of this project is not clear. In addition, there are plans to develop a hydroelectric site at Kassa very close to the Guinean-Sierra-Leonean border, only 12 km from Pinselli CF that could impact the area. However, while a feasibility study was commissioned, the current status or whether it will be developed is not clear ([[#R01508|ECOWAPP 2011]]).


'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Proposed Pinselli-Soyah-Sabouyah National Park'''
'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Proposed Pinselli-Soyah-Sabouyah National Park'''
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|1.1 Residential areas
|1.1 Residential areas
|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
|Sign of villages (WCF 2012).
|Sign of villages ([[#R01518|WCF 2012]]).
|Ongoing (2012)
|Ongoing (2012)
|-
|-
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|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|30% of the area used for agriculture (WCF 2012).
|30% of the area used for agriculture ([[#R01518|WCF 2012]]).
|Ongoing (2012)
|Ongoing (2012)
|-
|-
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|2.3 Livestock farming & ranching
|2.3 Livestock farming & ranching
|Medium (30-70% of population affected)
|Medium (30-70% of population affected)
|Signs of cattle grazing in Pinselli CF (WCF 2012).
|Signs of cattle grazing in Pinselli CF ([[#R01518|WCF 2012]]).
|Ongoing (2012)
|Ongoing (2012)
|-
|-
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|4.1 Roads & railroads
|4.1 Roads & railroads
|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
|Low encounter rate of roads (WCF 2012), railroad proposed that would cut through the area (Rio Tinto 2013).
|Low encounter rate of roads ([[#R01518|WCF 2012]]), railroad proposed that would cut through the area ([[#R01514|Rio Tinto 2013]]).
|Ongoing (2012)
|Ongoing (2012)
|-
|-
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|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
|According to one source Pinselli and Soyah were heavily impacted by illegal logging during political instability in 2007/2008 (PEGG 2012).
|According to one source Pinselli and Soyah were heavily impacted by illegal logging during political instability in 2007/2008 ([[#R01513|PEGG 2012]]).
|Ongoing (2012)
|Ongoing (2012)
|-
|-
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|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|According to one source Pinselli and Soyah were heavily impacted by illegal logging during political instability in 2007/2008 (PEGG 2012).
|According to one source Pinselli and Soyah were heavily impacted by illegal logging during political instability in 2007/2008 ([[#R01513|PEGG 2012]]).
|2007-2008
|2007-2008
|-
|-
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|7.1 Fire & fire suppression
|7.1 Fire & fire suppression
|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
|Signs of fire (WCF 2012).
|Signs of fire ([[#R01518|WCF 2012]]).
|Ongoing (2012)
|Ongoing (2012)
|-
|-
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|7.2 Dams & water management/use
|7.2 Dams & water management/use
|Present (unknown severity)
|Present (unknown severity)
|Development of a hydroelectric site including a dam has been proposed (ECOWAPP 2011).
|Development of a hydroelectric site including a dam has been proposed ([[#R01508|ECOWAPP 2011]]).
|Ongoing (2011)
|Ongoing (2011)
|}
|}
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= Conservation activities =
= Conservation activities =


In 2005 JGI started an education and awareness-raising campaign in Ouré-Kaba and neighboring Sierra Leone focused on chimpanzees and biodiversity conservation in general (JGI 2019). Also in 2005 the LAMIL-TBA project (Landscape Management for Improved Livelihoods – transboundary activity) strengthened forest management committees in four villages within and around the Soyah CF to enable a co-management of the remaining forested areas at this site (CIFOR 2008). Co-management contracts were signed with the Ministry of Agriculture of Guinea. This project was managed by CIFOR and the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) with the aim to improve local livelihoods while ensuring biodiversity conservation (CIFOR 2008). The project also helped farmers in buffer zones to adapt new agroforestry techniques leading to increase in productivity and diversify their crops. Several forest management committees had decided to ban hunting in the forest and it was reported that this benefited wildlife (CIFOR 2008).
In 2005 JGI started an education and awareness-raising campaign in Ouré-Kaba and neighboring Sierra Leone focused on chimpanzees and biodiversity conservation in general ([[#R01511|JGI 2019]]). Also in 2005 the LAMIL-TBA project (Landscape Management for Improved Livelihoods – transboundary activity) strengthened forest management committees in four villages within and around the Soyah CF to enable a co-management of the remaining forested areas at this site ([[#R01507|CIFOR 2008]]). Co-management contracts were signed with the Ministry of Agriculture of Guinea. This project was managed by CIFOR and the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) with the aim to improve local livelihoods while ensuring biodiversity conservation ([[#R01507|CIFOR 2008]]). The project also helped farmers in buffer zones to adapt new agroforestry techniques leading to increase in productivity and diversify their crops. Several forest management committees had decided to ban hunting in the forest and it was reported that this benefited wildlife ([[#R01507|CIFOR 2008]]).


The STEWARD program by USAID has been active in the region since 2008 and its aim is to protect biodiversity and improve rural livelihoods in transboundary areas in the Upper Guinean Forest Ecosystem. They also focus on harmonizing policies and legal frameworks regarding management of natural resources (WCF 2015). Specific activities implemented include the creation of a community forest in Ouré-Kaba, and the training of local authorities in using Geographic Information System (WCF 2015). During its survey the WCF noted a high environmental awareness by local communities as a result of the above mentioned projects (WCF 2012).
The STEWARD program by USAID has been active in the region since 2008 and its aim is to protect biodiversity and improve rural livelihoods in transboundary areas in the Upper Guinean Forest Ecosystem. They also focus on harmonizing policies and legal frameworks regarding management of natural resources ([[#R01519|WCF 2015]]). Specific activities implemented include the creation of a community forest in Ouré-Kaba, and the training of local authorities in using Geographic Information System ([[#R01519|WCF 2015]]). During its survey the WCF noted a high environmental awareness by local communities as a result of the above mentioned projects ([[#R01518|WCF 2012]]).


'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Proposed Pinselli-Soyah-Sabouyah National Park'''
'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Proposed Pinselli-Soyah-Sabouyah National Park'''
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|1 Development impact mitigation
|1 Development impact mitigation
|1.4 Farm more intensively and effectively in selected areas and spare more natural land
|1.4 Farm more intensively and effectively in selected areas and spare more natural land
|The LAMIL-TBA project helped farmers to adopt more efficient agroforestry techniques (CIFOR 2008)
|The LAMIL-TBA project helped farmers to adopt more efficient agroforestry techniques ([[#R01507|CIFOR 2008]])
|
|
|Ongoing (2005)
|Ongoing (2005)
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|2 Counter-wildlife crime
|2 Counter-wildlife crime
|2.12 Implement community control of patrolling, banning hunting and removing snares
|2.12 Implement community control of patrolling, banning hunting and removing snares
|Several forest management committees had decided to ban hunting in the forest (CIFOR 2008)
|Several forest management committees had decided to ban hunting in the forest ([[#R01507|CIFOR 2008]])
|
|
|Ongoing (2005)
|Ongoing (2005)
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|4 Education & awareness
|4 Education & awareness
|4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use
|4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use
|JGI conducted education and awareness-raising campaign focused on chimpanzee and biodiversity conservation (JGI 2019)
|JGI conducted education and awareness-raising campaign focused on chimpanzee and biodiversity conservation ([[#R01511|JGI 2019]])
|
|
|Ongoing (2005)
|Ongoing (2005)
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|5 Protection & restoration
|5 Protection & restoration
|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
|Co-management contracts signed between forest management committees and the Ministry of Agriculture (CIFOR 2008)
|Co-management contracts signed between forest management committees and the Ministry of Agriculture ([[#R01507|CIFOR 2008]])
|
|
|Ongoing (2005)
|Ongoing (2005)
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|7 Economic & other incentives
|7 Economic & other incentives
|7.1 Provide monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g., REDD, alternative income, employment)
|7.1 Provide monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g., REDD, alternative income, employment)
|the LAMIL-TBA project supported forest management committees in villages (CIFOR 2008)
|the LAMIL-TBA project supported forest management committees in villages ([[#R01507|CIFOR 2008]])
|
|
|2005-Ongoing (2008)
|2005-Ongoing (2008)
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|7 Economic & other incentives
|7 Economic & other incentives
|7.1 Provide monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g., REDD, alternative income, employment)
|7.1 Provide monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g., REDD, alternative income, employment)
|the STEWARD program created a community forest (WCF 2015); led to raise in income through increased productivity
|the STEWARD program created a community forest ([[#R01519|WCF 2015]]); led to raise in income through increased productivity
|
|
|2011-2015
|2011-2015
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= Research activities =
= Research activities =


As detailed above several surveys on chimpanzees have been implemented (Ham 1998, JGI 2007, WCF 2012).
As detailed above several surveys on chimpanzees have been implemented ([[#R01509|Ham 1998]], [[#R01510|JGI 2007]], [[#R01518|WCF 2012]]).


= Documented behaviours =
= Documented behaviours =
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= References =
= References =


Brugiere D, Kormos R. 2009. Review of the protected area network in Guinea, West Africa, and recommendations for new sites for biodiversity conservation, Biodiversity and Conservation, 18:847
<span id="R01506"></span>Brugiere D, Kormos R. 2009. Review of the protected area network in Guinea, West Africa, and recommendations for new sites for biodiversity conservation, Biodiversity and Conservation, 18:847 [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-008-9508-z doi:10.1007/s10531-008-9508-z]
 
<span id="R01507"></span>CIFOR. 2008. Thinking beyond the canopy – annual report. Pp. 28


CIFOR. 2008. Thinking beyond the canopy – annual report. Pp. 28
<span id="R01508"></span>ECOWAPP (2011). Final Report Volume 3: Investment program development and priority project implementation strategy. West African Power Pool (WAPP).


ECOWAPP. 2011. Final Report Volume 3: Investment program development and priority project implementation strategy. West African Power Pool (WAPP). Report by Tractebel Engineering S.A., Belgium.
<span id="R01509"></span>Ham R. 1998. Nationwide chimpanzee census and large mammal survey Republic of Guinea


Ham R. 1998. Nationwide chimpanzee census and large mammal survey Republic of Guinea
<span id="R01510"></span>JGI. 2007. Development of a Border Region Conservation Strategy for Targeted Areas in Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia Concept Paper, in Chimpanzee Conservation and Sensitization Program, 29 pp.


JGI. 2007. Development of a Border Region Conservation Strategy for Targeted Areas in Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia Concept Paper, in Chimpanzee Conservation and Sensitization Program, 29 pp.
<span id="R01511"></span>JGI. 2019. Project Locations: Guinea and Sierra Leone, the Jane Goodall Institute, UK [https://www.janegoodall.org.uk/?catid=0&id=29   www.janegoodall.org.uk]


JGI. 2019. Project Locations: Guinea and Sierra Leone, the Jane Goodall Institute, UK [https://www.janegoodall.org.uk/?catid=0&id=29  www.janegoodall.org.uk]
<span id="R01512"></span>Kormos R et al. 2003. The Republic of Guinea, in Kormos, R. Boesch, C., Bakarr, M.I. & Butynski, T.M. [eds.] Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan, IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK


Kormos R et al. 2003. The Republic of Guinea, in Kormos, R. Boesch, C., Bakarr, M.I. & Butynski, T.M. [eds.] Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan, IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK
<span id="R01513"></span>PEGG. 2012. Current state of the classified and co-managed forests of Balayan Souroumba, Nialama, Sincery Oursa and Souti Yanfou. Program in Environmental Governance in Guinea for Capacity Building and Biodiversity Conservation. A rapid assessment conducted by PEGG, in collaboration with DNEF, BGEEE, and COSIE


PEGG. 2012. Current state of the classified and co-managed forests of Balayan Souroumba, Nialama, Sincery Oursa and Souti Yanfou. Program in Environmental Governance in Guinea for Capacity Building and Biodiversity Conservation. A rapid assessment conducted by PEGG, in collaboration with DNEF, BGEEE, and COSIE
<span id="R01514"></span>Rio Tinto. 2013. Social and Environmental Baseline Study Simandou Project (Guinea) – Rail Component.


Rio Tinto. 2013. Social and Environmental Baseline Study Simandou Project (Guinea) – Rail Component.
<span id="R01515"></span>Sandberger et al. 2012. Amphibian and reptile survey – Wet season 2011, Final report. Simandou Project (Guinea) Railway component.


Sandberger et al. 2012. Amphibian and reptile survey – Wet season 2011, Final report. Simandou Project (Guinea) Railway component.
<span id="R01516"></span>UNEP-WCMC, IUCN. 2019a. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: [https://www.protectedplanet.net/29378  www.protectedplanet.net] [https://web.archive.org/web/20190919232508/https://www.protectedplanet.net/lagoas-de-cufada-natural-park link]


UNEP-WCMC, IUCN. 2019a. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: [https://www.protectedplanet.net/29378   www.protectedplanet.net]
<span id="R01517"></span>UNEP-WCMC, IUCN. 2019b. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: [https://www.protectedplanet.net/soyah-classified-forest   www.protectedplanet.net] [https://web.archive.org/web/20190919232508/https://www.protectedplanet.net/lagoas-de-cufada-natural-park link]


UNEP-WCMC, IUCN. 2019b. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: [https://www.protectedplanet.net/soyah-classified-forest  www.protectedplanet.net]
<span id="R01518"></span>WCF. 2012. Etat de la faune et des menaces dans les aires protégées terrestres et principales zones de forte biodiversité de Rep. de Guinée. Report. Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Sangaredi, Republic of Guinea. Online: [http://www.wildchimps.org Wild Chimpanzee Foundation]


WCF. 2012. Etat de la faune et des menaces dans les aires protégées terrestres et principales zones de forte biodiversité de Rep. de Guinée. Report. Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Sangaredi, Republic of Guinea. Online: [http://www.wildchimps.org Wild Chimpanzee Foundation]
<span id="R01519"></span>WCF 2015. Baseline assessment of chimpanzee and elephant populations in the Mano River Union Countries – Côte d’Ivoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea (2007-2014). Report. Wild Chimpanzee Foundation. Online: [http://www.wildchimps.org Wild Chimpanzee Foundation]


WCF 2015. Baseline assessment of chimpanzee and elephant populations in the Mano River Union Countries – Côte d’Ivoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea (2007-2014). Report. Wild Chimpanzee Foundation. Online: [http://www.wildchimps.org Wild Chimpanzee Foundation]
<span id="R02138"></span>WCF. 2011. Annual report of the activities undertaken by the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation to improve the protection of wild chimpanzees and their habitat in West Africa – Year 2011. Online: Wild Chimpanzee Foundation (https://www.wildchimps.org/reports/reports.html) [https://web.archive.org/web/20241112052804/https://www.wildchimps.org/reports/reports.html link]






'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2019-06-04
'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2019-06-04

Latest revision as of 15:12, 14 October 2026

West Africa > Republic of Guinea > Proposed Pinselli-Soyah-Sabouyah National Park

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Summary

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  • Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) are present in Proposed Pinselli-Soyah-Sabouyah National Park.
  • It has been estimated that 86 (CI: 36-207) individuals occur at the site.
  • The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
  • This site has a total size of 1.136 km².
  • Key threats to chimpanzees are agriculture and livestock farming.
  • Conservation activities focus on environmental education and co-management of forests.
  • Ouré-Kaba connects the Foutah Djallon with Outamba-Kilimi National Park in Sierra Leone.

Site characteristics

Ouré-Kaba is a sub-prefecture located in the South of the Foutah Djallon in the prefecture of Mamou with a total size of 1,136 sq. km. The area is characterized by a savanna-forest mosaic impacted by anthropogenic usage for agriculture and cattle grazing. Around 20.600 people live in the area with most of them being farmers and cattle pastoralists, but also hunters, loggers and storekeepers. The area is rugged and part of the Foutah Djallon Plateau, and transversed by many streams including Kaba and Pinselli. The area is important in connecting the Foutah Djallon with the Outamba-Kilimi National Park in northern Sierra Leone.

The two Classified Forests (CFs) of Pinselli (or Pinsely / Pinselly) and Soyah (or Souyah / Soya) are part of Ouré-Kaba. Pinselli CF has a total size of 130.00 km2 and was a wildlife reserve in the 1930s that was open to hunting big game (Kormos et al. 2003, UNEP-WCMC & IUCN 2019a). It is characterized by a high biodiversity including locally-protected species of duikers, birds, reptiles, and potentially red colobus (JGI 2007 as cited in WCF 2012). Soyah CF has a size of 84.00 km2 (UNEP-WCMC & IUCN 2019b).

Despite the relatively strong anthropogenic impact, the area harbors a diversity of primate species including western chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus), vervet monkey (Chlorocebus pygerythrus), sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys), western red colobus (Piliocolobus badius), mona monkeys (Cercopithecus mona), Guinea baboons (Papio papio), and patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas, WCF 2012). A survey of Amphibians found 33 amphibin species in the area south of the town Oure Kaba and 27 species in Soyah (Sandberger et al. 2012). However, overall densities of wildlife seem to be rather low (WCF 2012).

Ouré-Kaba was identified as an important area for the protection of biodiversity by several programs and researchers: It was identified as a priority area for the protection of the western chimpanzee in the National Action Plan for Chimpanzee Conservation in Guinea from 2005. It was also identified as ‘Priority Zone 1’ by the STEWARD program (Sustainable and Thriving Environments for West African Regional Development funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the United States Forest Service / International Programs (USFS/IP) (WCF 2015). Furthermore, Brugière & Kormos (2009) identified Pinselli and Soyah CFs as a Key Biodiversity Area (KBA).

Table 1. Basic site information for Proposed Pinselli-Soyah-Sabouyah National Park

Species Pan troglodytes verus
Area 1.136 km²
Coordinates Lat: 10.07 , Lon: -11.66
Type of site Proposed protected area (National Park)
Habitat types Savanna, Shrubland, Subtropical/tropical dry forest, Wetlands (lakes, rivers, streams, bogs, marshes), Agricultural land
Type of governance

Types of sites Governance types Habitat types

Ape status

In the nationwide survey by Rebecca Kormos the presence of chimpanzees around villages throughout Ouré-Kaba was confirmed based on a questionnaire survey (Ham 1998). A transect survey in the same area established relatively low chimpanzee densities (Ham 1998). In 2005 the Jane Goodall Institute started working in the area and found a high biodiversity and the presence of chimps (JGI 2007 as cited in WCF 2012). The associated report is not publicly available. In 2009 the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation in collaboration with the Jane Goodall Institute UK and the Direction Nationale pour les Eaux et Forêts (DNEF) surveyed an area in the south-west of Ouré-Kaba (WCF 2012). Ouré-Kaba was also surveyed as part of the Foutah Djallon wide survey by the WCF in 2011 and while chimpanzee densities were low, they were present throughout the entire area (WCF 2012).

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Proposed Pinselli-Soyah-Sabouyah National Park

Species Year Occurrence Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Abundance estimate (95% CI) Survey area Sampling method Analytical framework Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes verus 2009 1.45 0.17 (0.07-0.42) 86 (36-207) 490 km2 in South-western Ouré-Kaba Line transects WCF 2012 Total survey effort: 47.6 km GIN0002, GIN0010
GIN0016, GIN0020, GIN0023, GIN0024, GIN0025, GIN0027, GIN0029, GIN0036, GIN0069
Pan troglodytes verus 2005 Present Ouré‐Kaba (with Pinselli and Soyah Classified Forests) Unknown JGI 2007 as cited in WCF 2012 GIN0002, GIN0010
GIN0016, GIN0020, GIN0023, GIN0024, GIN0025, GIN0027, GIN0029, GIN0036, GIN0069
Pan troglodytes verus 1997 4.81 0.3 Ouré‐Kaba (with Pinselli and Soyah Classified Forests) Line transects Ham 1998 Total survey effort: 5.2 km, 25 nests found GIN0019, GIN0021
Pan troglodytes verus 1997 Present Villages throughout Oure-Kaba Interviews Ham 1998 Questionnaire survey GIN0019, GIN0021

Sampling methods Analytical frameworks

Threats

Large parts of Ouré-Kaba are used for agriculture, including slash and burn practices, and cattle grazing (WCF 2012). The WCF estimated that around one third of the area are used for agriculture. Signs of other human pressures such as hunting, logging, settlements and fire were present, but encounter rates were low (WCF 2012). However, a rapid assessment on the status of classified forests in Guinea by the Program for Environmental Governance in Guinea (PEGG) stated that during political unrest in 2007 and 2008 Pinselli and Soyah were heavily impacted by illegal logging, and that 50 ha of fruit plantation in Pinselli were given to federal employees (PEGG 2012). Hunting pressure is low as local traditions discourage bushmeat consumption, especially for primates and swine (WCF 2012). A railway that would cut through this area, including directly through Pinselli CF has been proposed to transport extracted minerals to ports at the coast of Guinea as part of the Simandou Project (Rio Tinto 2013). The current status of this project is not clear. In addition, there are plans to develop a hydroelectric site at Kassa very close to the Guinean-Sierra-Leonean border, only 12 km from Pinselli CF that could impact the area. However, while a feasibility study was commissioned, the current status or whether it will be developed is not clear (ECOWAPP 2011).

Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Proposed Pinselli-Soyah-Sabouyah National Park

Category Specific threats Threat level Description Year of threat
1 Residential & commercial development 1.1 Residential areas Low (up to 30% of population affected) Sign of villages (WCF 2012). Ongoing (2012)
2 Agriculture & aquaculture 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops High (more than 70% of population affected) 30% of the area used for agriculture (WCF 2012). Ongoing (2012)
2 Agriculture & aquaculture 2.3 Livestock farming & ranching Medium (30-70% of population affected) Signs of cattle grazing in Pinselli CF (WCF 2012). Ongoing (2012)
4 Transportation & service corridors 4.1 Roads & railroads Low (up to 30% of population affected) Low encounter rate of roads (WCF 2012), railroad proposed that would cut through the area (Rio Tinto 2013). Ongoing (2012)
5 Biological resource use 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals Low (up to 30% of population affected) According to one source Pinselli and Soyah were heavily impacted by illegal logging during political instability in 2007/2008 (PEGG 2012). Ongoing (2012)
5 Biological resource use 5.3 Logging & wood harvesting High (more than 70% of population affected) According to one source Pinselli and Soyah were heavily impacted by illegal logging during political instability in 2007/2008 (PEGG 2012). 2007-2008
7 Natural system modifications 7.1 Fire & fire suppression Low (up to 30% of population affected) Signs of fire (WCF 2012). Ongoing (2012)
7 Natural system modifications 7.2 Dams & water management/use Present (unknown severity) Development of a hydroelectric site including a dam has been proposed (ECOWAPP 2011). Ongoing (2011)

Threats

Conservation activities

In 2005 JGI started an education and awareness-raising campaign in Ouré-Kaba and neighboring Sierra Leone focused on chimpanzees and biodiversity conservation in general (JGI 2019). Also in 2005 the LAMIL-TBA project (Landscape Management for Improved Livelihoods – transboundary activity) strengthened forest management committees in four villages within and around the Soyah CF to enable a co-management of the remaining forested areas at this site (CIFOR 2008). Co-management contracts were signed with the Ministry of Agriculture of Guinea. This project was managed by CIFOR and the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) with the aim to improve local livelihoods while ensuring biodiversity conservation (CIFOR 2008). The project also helped farmers in buffer zones to adapt new agroforestry techniques leading to increase in productivity and diversify their crops. Several forest management committees had decided to ban hunting in the forest and it was reported that this benefited wildlife (CIFOR 2008).

The STEWARD program by USAID has been active in the region since 2008 and its aim is to protect biodiversity and improve rural livelihoods in transboundary areas in the Upper Guinean Forest Ecosystem. They also focus on harmonizing policies and legal frameworks regarding management of natural resources (WCF 2015). Specific activities implemented include the creation of a community forest in Ouré-Kaba, and the training of local authorities in using Geographic Information System (WCF 2015). During its survey the WCF noted a high environmental awareness by local communities as a result of the above mentioned projects (WCF 2012).

Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Proposed Pinselli-Soyah-Sabouyah National Park

Category Specific activity Description Implementing organization(s) Year of activity
1 Development impact mitigation 1.4 Farm more intensively and effectively in selected areas and spare more natural land The LAMIL-TBA project helped farmers to adopt more efficient agroforestry techniques (CIFOR 2008) Ongoing (2005)
2 Counter-wildlife crime 2.12 Implement community control of patrolling, banning hunting and removing snares Several forest management committees had decided to ban hunting in the forest (CIFOR 2008) Ongoing (2005)
4 Education & awareness 4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use JGI conducted education and awareness-raising campaign focused on chimpanzee and biodiversity conservation (JGI 2019) Ongoing (2005)
5 Protection & restoration 5.2 Legally protect ape habitat Co-management contracts signed between forest management committees and the Ministry of Agriculture (CIFOR 2008) Ongoing (2005)
7 Economic & other incentives 7.1 Provide monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g., REDD, alternative income, employment) the LAMIL-TBA project supported forest management committees in villages (CIFOR 2008) 2005-Ongoing (2008)
7 Economic & other incentives 7.1 Provide monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g., REDD, alternative income, employment) the STEWARD program created a community forest (WCF 2015); led to raise in income through increased productivity 2011-2015

Conservation activities

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Proposed Pinselli-Soyah-Sabouyah National Park

Challenges Specific challenges Source Year(s)
Not reported

Challenges

Enablers

Table 6. Enablers reported for Proposed Pinselli-Soyah-Sabouyah National Park

Enablers Specific enablers Source Year(s)
1 Site management
2 Resources and capacity
3 Engaged community
4 Institutional support
5 Ecological context
6 Safety and stability

Enablers

Research activities

As detailed above several surveys on chimpanzees have been implemented (Ham 1998, JGI 2007, WCF 2012).

Documented behaviours

Table 7. Behaviours documented for Proposed Pinselli-Soyah-Sabouyah National Park

Category Behavior Observation type Prevalence Observation dates Source Habituation Species Comment
Not reported

Behaviours

Exposure to climate change impacts

External links

References

Brugiere D, Kormos R. 2009. Review of the protected area network in Guinea, West Africa, and recommendations for new sites for biodiversity conservation, Biodiversity and Conservation, 18:847 doi:10.1007/s10531-008-9508-z

CIFOR. 2008. Thinking beyond the canopy – annual report. Pp. 28

ECOWAPP (2011). Final Report Volume 3: Investment program development and priority project implementation strategy. West African Power Pool (WAPP).

Ham R. 1998. Nationwide chimpanzee census and large mammal survey Republic of Guinea

JGI. 2007. Development of a Border Region Conservation Strategy for Targeted Areas in Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia Concept Paper, in Chimpanzee Conservation and Sensitization Program, 29 pp.

JGI. 2019. Project Locations: Guinea and Sierra Leone, the Jane Goodall Institute, UK www.janegoodall.org.uk

Kormos R et al. 2003. The Republic of Guinea, in Kormos, R. Boesch, C., Bakarr, M.I. & Butynski, T.M. [eds.] Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan, IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK

PEGG. 2012. Current state of the classified and co-managed forests of Balayan Souroumba, Nialama, Sincery Oursa and Souti Yanfou. Program in Environmental Governance in Guinea for Capacity Building and Biodiversity Conservation. A rapid assessment conducted by PEGG, in collaboration with DNEF, BGEEE, and COSIE

Rio Tinto. 2013. Social and Environmental Baseline Study Simandou Project (Guinea) – Rail Component.

Sandberger et al. 2012. Amphibian and reptile survey – Wet season 2011, Final report. Simandou Project (Guinea) Railway component.

UNEP-WCMC, IUCN. 2019a. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: www.protectedplanet.net link

UNEP-WCMC, IUCN. 2019b. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: www.protectedplanet.net link

WCF. 2012. Etat de la faune et des menaces dans les aires protégées terrestres et principales zones de forte biodiversité de Rep. de Guinée. Report. Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Sangaredi, Republic of Guinea. Online: Wild Chimpanzee Foundation

WCF 2015. Baseline assessment of chimpanzee and elephant populations in the Mano River Union Countries – Côte d’Ivoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea (2007-2014). Report. Wild Chimpanzee Foundation. Online: Wild Chimpanzee Foundation

WCF. 2011. Annual report of the activities undertaken by the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation to improve the protection of wild chimpanzees and their habitat in West Africa – Year 2011. Online: Wild Chimpanzee Foundation (https://www.wildchimps.org/reports/reports.html) link


Page created by: APES Atlas Team Date: 2019-06-04

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