Arly National Park: Difference between revisions
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= Summary = | = Summary = | ||
<div style='float: right'>{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers=OpenStreetMap,OpenTopoMap|11. | <div style='float: right'>{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers=OpenStreetMap,OpenTopoMap|11.602147, 1.282698~[[Arly National Park]]~''Pan troglodytes verus''}}</div> | ||
* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are extirpated from Arly National Park. | * Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are extirpated from Arly National Park. | ||
* The last population estimate was zero individuals. | * The last population estimate was zero individuals. | ||
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= Site characteristics = | = Site characteristics = | ||
Arly National Park is a national park located in Tapoa Province, southeastern Burkina Faso. It adjoins Benin's Pendjari National Park in the south and the Singou Reserve in the west. The park is 760 km2 large and has a wide variety of habitats, ranging from the gallery forests of the Arly and Pendjari rivers to savanna woodland and sandstone hills of the Gobnangou chain. It is home to around 200 African elephants (''Loxodonta africana''), 200 hippopotamus (''Hippopotamus amphibius'') and 100 lions (''Panthera leo''). There are also buffaloes, baboons (''Papio sp.''), green monkeys (''Chlorocebus sabaeus''), warthogs, and various antelopes, such as the western hartebeest (''Alcelaphus buselaphus'') and roan antelope (''Hippotragus equinus''). There are also bushbucks (''Tragelaphus scriptus''), duikers and waterbuck (''Kobus ellipsiprymnus'', Manson & Knight 2006). | Arly National Park is a national park located in Tapoa Province, southeastern Burkina Faso. It adjoins Benin's Pendjari National Park in the south and the Singou Reserve in the west. The park is 760 km2 large and has a wide variety of habitats, ranging from the gallery forests of the Arly and Pendjari rivers to savanna woodland and sandstone hills of the Gobnangou chain. It is home to around 200 African elephants (''Loxodonta africana''), 200 hippopotamus (''Hippopotamus amphibius'') and 100 lions (''Panthera leo''). There are also buffaloes, baboons (''Papio sp.''), green monkeys (''Chlorocebus sabaeus''), warthogs, and various antelopes, such as the western hartebeest (''Alcelaphus buselaphus'') and roan antelope (''Hippotragus equinus''). There are also bushbucks (''Tragelaphus scriptus''), duikers and waterbuck (''Kobus ellipsiprymnus'', [[#R00020|Manson & Knight 2006]]). | ||
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Arly National Park''' | '''Table 1. Basic site information for Arly National Park''' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|Coordinates | |Coordinates | ||
|Lat: 11. | |Lat: 11.602147 , Lon: 1.282698 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Type of site | |Type of site | ||
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= Ape status = | = Ape status = | ||
The perennial or seasonal presence of ''Pan troglodytes verus'' in Burkina Faso is unlikely (Ginn et al. 2013). | The perennial or seasonal presence of ''Pan troglodytes verus'' in Burkina Faso is unlikely ([[#R00018|Ginn et al. 2013]]). | ||
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Arly National Park''' | '''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Arly National Park''' | ||
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|Interviews, Reconnaissance walk | |Interviews, Reconnaissance walk | ||
| | | | ||
|Ginn et al. 2013 | |[[#R00018|Ginn et al. 2013]] | ||
|Total survey effort: 250 km, reconnaissance survey in five forest reserves along the southern border of Burkina Faso, Arly National Park and Pama Partial Reserve in the south-east, Comoé-Léraba Partial Reserve in the south-west, and Koulbi Protected Forest and Nazinga Game Ranch and Reserve in the south central region. | |Total survey effort: 250 km, reconnaissance survey in five forest reserves along the southern border of Burkina Faso, Arly National Park and Pama Partial Reserve in the south-east, Comoé-Léraba Partial Reserve in the south-west, and Koulbi Protected Forest and Nazinga Game Ranch and Reserve in the south central region. | ||
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= Challenges = | = Challenges = | ||
Lack of national protection was reported as a challenge (Hogan 2009). | Lack of national protection was reported as a challenge ([[#R00019|Hogan 2009]]). | ||
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Arly National Park''' | '''Table 5. Challenges reported for Arly National Park''' | ||
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|4 Institutional support | |4 Institutional support | ||
|4.2 Lack of government support | |4.2 Lack of government support | ||
|Hogan 2009 | |[[#R00019|Hogan 2009]] | ||
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|} | |} | ||
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= Exposure to climate change impacts = | = Exposure to climate change impacts = | ||
As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. | As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, [[#R02148|Kiribou et al. (2024)]] extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period. | ||
The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated ( | The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated ([[#R02148|Kiribou et al. 2024]]). | ||
'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Arly National Park''' | '''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Arly National Park''' | ||
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= References = | = References = | ||
Ginn | <span id="R00018"></span>Ginn, L. P., Robison, J., Redmond, I., & Nekaris, K. A. I. (2013). Strong evidence that the West African chimpanzee is extirpated from Burkina Faso. ''Oryx'', 47(3), 325-326. [https://doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313000434 doi:10.1017/s0030605313000434] | ||
Hogan | <span id="R00019"></span>Hogan, M. C. (2009). Painted hunting dog: Lycaon pictus. GlobalTwitcher.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20101209234758/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=35993 | ||
Manson, K. | <span id="R00020"></span>Manson, K., & Knight, J. (2006). The East. Bradt Travel Guides; The Globe Pequot Press Inc. | ||
<span id="R02148"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345] | |||
'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2019-10-04 | '''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2019-10-04 | ||
Latest revision as of 17:52, 15 October 2026
West Africa > Burkina Faso > Arly National Park
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Summary
- Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) are extirpated from Arly National Park.
- The last population estimate was zero individuals.
- Last unconfirmed sightings by local residents were reported in 1999 and 2002.
- This site has a total size of 760 km².
Site characteristics
Arly National Park is a national park located in Tapoa Province, southeastern Burkina Faso. It adjoins Benin's Pendjari National Park in the south and the Singou Reserve in the west. The park is 760 km2 large and has a wide variety of habitats, ranging from the gallery forests of the Arly and Pendjari rivers to savanna woodland and sandstone hills of the Gobnangou chain. It is home to around 200 African elephants (Loxodonta africana), 200 hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) and 100 lions (Panthera leo). There are also buffaloes, baboons (Papio sp.), green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus), warthogs, and various antelopes, such as the western hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus) and roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus). There are also bushbucks (Tragelaphus scriptus), duikers and waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus, Manson & Knight 2006).
Table 1. Basic site information for Arly National Park
| Species | Pan troglodytes verus |
| Area | 760 km² |
| Coordinates | Lat: 11.602147 , Lon: 1.282698 |
| Type of site | Protected area (National Park) |
| Habitat types | Subtropical/tropical dry forest, Savanna |
| Type of governance |
Types of sites Governance types Habitat types
Ape status
The perennial or seasonal presence of Pan troglodytes verus in Burkina Faso is unlikely (Ginn et al. 2013).
Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Arly National Park
| Species | Year | Occurrence | Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day) | Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) | Abundance estimate (95% CI) | Survey area | Sampling method | Analytical framework | Source | Comments | A.P.E.S. database ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pan troglodytes verus | 2012 | 0 | 0 | Arly National Park | Interviews, Reconnaissance walk | Ginn et al. 2013 | Total survey effort: 250 km, reconnaissance survey in five forest reserves along the southern border of Burkina Faso, Arly National Park and Pama Partial Reserve in the south-east, Comoé-Léraba Partial Reserve in the south-west, and Koulbi Protected Forest and Nazinga Game Ranch and Reserve in the south central region. |
Sampling methods Analytical frameworks
Threats
As chimpanzees are likely extirpated from Arly National Park threats to chimpanzees were not reported.
Conservation activities
As chimpanzees are likely extirpated from Arly National Park conservation activities to chimpanzees were not reported.
Challenges
Lack of national protection was reported as a challenge (Hogan 2009).
Table 5. Challenges reported for Arly National Park
| Challenges | Specific challenges | Source | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 Institutional support | 4.2 Lack of government support | Hogan 2009 |
Enablers
Table 6. Enablers reported for Arly National Park
| Enablers | Specific enablers | Source | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Site management | |||
| 2 Resources and capacity | |||
| 3 Engaged community | |||
| 4 Institutional support | |||
| 5 Ecological context | |||
| 6 Safety and stability |
Research activities
As chimpanzees are likely extirpated from Arly National Park conservation activities to chimpanzees were not reported.
Documented behaviours
Table 7. Behaviours documented for Arly National Park
| Category | Behavior | Observation type | Prevalence | Observation dates | Source | Habituation | Species | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not reported |
Exposure to climate change impacts
As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.
The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).
Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Arly National Park
| Value | 1981-2010 | 2021-2050, RCP 2.6 | 2021-2050, RCP 6.0 | 2071-2099, RCP 2.6 | 2071-2099, RCP 6.0 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean temperature [C] | 28.7 | 29.9 | 29.8 | 30.1 | 31.3 |
| Annual precipitation [mm] | 848 | 886 | 861 | 836 | 846 |
| Max no. consecutive dry days (per year) | 83.5 | 84.7 | 85.5 | 83.6 | 80.2 |
| No. days with heavy precipitation (per year) | 3.5 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 4.5 |
Table 9. Projected exposure of apes to extreme climate impact events in Arly National Park
| Type | No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 2.6) | % of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 2.6) | No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 6.0) | % of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 6.0) | No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 2.6) | % of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 2.6) | No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 6.0) | % of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 6.0) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crop failure | 3 | 0.24 | 4 | 0.27 | 5.5 | 0.27 | 6.5 | 0.27 |
| Drought | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 50 | 0.75 | 25 | 1.25 | 50 |
| Heatwave | 2 | 100 | 3.5 | 100 | 2 | 50 | 2.5 | 100 |
| River flood | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Tropical cyclone | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Wildfire | 30 | 1.52 | 30 | 1.62 | 29 | 1.34 | 29 | 1.86 |
External links
References
Ginn, L. P., Robison, J., Redmond, I., & Nekaris, K. A. I. (2013). Strong evidence that the West African chimpanzee is extirpated from Burkina Faso. Oryx, 47(3), 325-326. doi:10.1017/s0030605313000434
Hogan, M. C. (2009). Painted hunting dog: Lycaon pictus. GlobalTwitcher.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20101209234758/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=35993
Manson, K., & Knight, J. (2006). The East. Bradt Travel Guides; The Globe Pequot Press Inc.
Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. PLOS Climate, 3(2), e0000345. doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345
Page created by: APES Atlas Team Date: 2019-10-04