Mengame Gorilla Sanctuary: Difference between revisions
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* The main threats to gorillas in the site is poaching. | * The main threats to gorillas in the site is poaching. | ||
* Conservation activities have focused on capacity building and raising conservation awareness. | * Conservation activities have focused on capacity building and raising conservation awareness. | ||
| Line 44: | Line 41: | ||
[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]] | [[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]] | ||
= Ape status = | = Ape status = | ||
| Line 78: | Line 76: | ||
[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]] | [[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]] | ||
= Threats = | = Threats = | ||
| Line 93: | Line 92: | ||
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | |5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | ||
|High (more than 70% of population affected) | |High (more than 70% of population affected) | ||
|Poaching is the main threat to gorillas in the area ([ | |Poaching is the main threat to gorillas in the area ([[#R01204|WWF 2005]], [[#R02006|ACF]]). | ||
|Ongoing (2005) | |Ongoing (2005) | ||
|} | |} | ||
[[Threats]] | [[Threats]] | ||
= Conservation activities = | = Conservation activities = | ||
| Line 109: | Line 109: | ||
!Implementing organization(s) | !Implementing organization(s) | ||
!Year of activity | !Year of activity | ||
|- | |||
|4 Education & awareness | |||
|4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use | |||
|The African Conservation Foundation conduct a Capacity Building and Education project ([[#R02006|ACF]]). | |||
| | |||
|Unknown | |||
|- | |- | ||
|5 Protection & restoration | |5 Protection & restoration | ||
| Line 114: | Line 120: | ||
|The site is a protected area. | |The site is a protected area. | ||
| | | | ||
|Ongoing ( | |2001-Ongoing (2026) | ||
|} | |} | ||
[[Conservation activities]] | [[Conservation activities]] | ||
= Challenges = | = Challenges = | ||
| Line 137: | Line 138: | ||
|2 Resources and capacity | |2 Resources and capacity | ||
|2.3 General lack of funding | |2.3 General lack of funding | ||
|WWF 2005 | |[[#R01204|WWF 2005]] | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
[[Challenges]] | [[Challenges]] | ||
= Enablers = | = Enablers = | ||
| Line 185: | Line 187: | ||
[[Enablers]] | [[Enablers]] | ||
= Research activities = | = Research activities = | ||
| Line 217: | Line 221: | ||
[[Behaviours]] | [[Behaviours]] | ||
= Exposure to climate change impacts = | = Exposure to climate change impacts = | ||
As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. | As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, [[#R02262|Kiribou et al. (2024)]] extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period. | ||
The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated ( | The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated ([[#R02262|Kiribou et al. 2024]]). | ||
'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Mengame Gorilla Sanctuary''' | '''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Mengame Gorilla Sanctuary''' | ||
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|Max no. consecutive dry days (per year) | |Max no. consecutive dry days (per year) | ||
|22.5 | |22.5 | ||
|10. | |10.2 | ||
|9. | |9.7 | ||
|8.6 | |8.6 | ||
|11.6 | |11.6 | ||
| Line 256: | Line 261: | ||
|6.7 | |6.7 | ||
|8.6 | |8.6 | ||
|8. | |8.7 | ||
|8.9 | |8.9 | ||
|10 | |10 | ||
| Line 328: | Line 333: | ||
|0.25 | |0.25 | ||
|30 | |30 | ||
|0. | |0.28 | ||
|29 | |29 | ||
|0.27 | |0.27 | ||
| Line 335: | Line 340: | ||
|} | |} | ||
<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Mengame.png| 450px | thumb| none | Precipitation anomaly in Mengame Gorilla Sanctuary]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Mengame.png | 450px | thumb| none | Temperature anomaly in Mengame Gorilla Sanctuary]] </li></ul></div> | |||
= External links = | = External links = | ||
| Line 342: | Line 349: | ||
= References = | = References = | ||
WWF. (2005). Anti-poaching patrol saves gorilla in Cameroon. Online: https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?21899/b-Africa-Update-BBRAnti-poaching-patrol-saves-gorilla-in-Cameroon | <span id="R01204"></span>WWF. (2005). Anti-poaching patrol saves gorilla in Cameroon. Online: https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?21899/b-Africa-Update-BBRAnti-poaching-patrol-saves-gorilla-in-Cameroon | ||
<span id="R02262"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345] | |||
<span id="R02006"></span>ACF. https://africanconservation.org/project/capacity-building-and-education-in-mengame-gorilla-sanctuary/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20230322065735/https://africanconservation.org/project/capacity-building-and-education-in-mengame-gorilla-sanctuary/ link] | |||
'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2023-06-02 | '''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2023-06-02 | ||
Latest revision as of 17:53, 15 October 2026
Central Africa > Cameroon > Mengame Gorilla Sanctuary
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Summary
- Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are present in Mengame Gorilla Sanctuary.
- The population size is unknown.
- The gorilla population trend is unknown.
- The site has a total size of 1,300 km².
- The main threats to gorillas in the site is poaching.
- Conservation activities have focused on capacity building and raising conservation awareness.
Site characteristics
Mengame Gorilla Sanctuary is located in southern Cameroon, bordering Gabon. The sanctuary was established in 2001 for the protection of Western lowland gorillas. The site protects 15 other primate species (African Conservation Foundation).
Table 1. Basic site information for Mengame Gorilla Sanctuary
| Species | Gorilla gorilla gorilla |
| Area | 1,300 km² |
| Coordinates | Lat: 2.333975 , Lon: 12.280413 |
| Type of site | Protected area (Wildlife Sanctuary) |
| Habitat types | Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest |
| Type of governance |
Types of sites Governance types Habitat types
Ape status
Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Mengame Gorilla Sanctuary
| Species | Year | Occurrence | Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day) | Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) | Abundance estimate (95% CI) | Survey area | Sampling method | Analytical framework | Source | Comments | A.P.E.S. database ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gorilla gorilla gorilla | Mengame Gorilla Sanctuary |
Sampling methods Analytical frameworks
Threats
Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Mengame Gorilla Sanctuary
| Category | Specific threats | Threat level | Description | Year of threat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 Biological resource use | 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | High (more than 70% of population affected) | Poaching is the main threat to gorillas in the area (WWF 2005, ACF). | Ongoing (2005) |
Conservation activities
The sanctuary was established by the government of Cameroon, together with the logging company, SOFOPETRA, which initially ran the sanctuary. It was later taken over by Cameroon's Ministry of the Environment and Forestry (MINEF). In 2002, MINEF signed an agreement with the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) to fund a project to promote trans-boundary conservation of the lowland gorilla in Mengame. The Environment Ministry also signed an agreement with the Jane Goodall Institute in 2002 to carry out scientific studies that would provide information for the proper management of the sanctuary. In 2004, MINEF signed another agreement with WWF to provide technical assistance (WWF 2005).
Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Mengame Gorilla Sanctuary
| Category | Specific activity | Description | Implementing organization(s) | Year of activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 Education & awareness | 4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use | The African Conservation Foundation conduct a Capacity Building and Education project (ACF). | Unknown | |
| 5 Protection & restoration | 5.2 Legally protect ape habitat | The site is a protected area. | 2001-Ongoing (2026) |
Challenges
Table 5. Challenges reported for Mengame Gorilla Sanctuary
| Challenges | Specific challenges | Source | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Resources and capacity | 2.3 General lack of funding | WWF 2005 |
Enablers
Table 6. Enablers reported for Mengame Gorilla Sanctuary
| Enablers | Specific enablers | Source | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Site management | |||
| 2 Resources and capacity | |||
| 3 Engaged community | |||
| 4 Institutional support | |||
| 5 Ecological context | |||
| 6 Safety and stability |
Research activities
Documented behaviours
Table 7. Behaviours documented for Mengame Gorilla Sanctuary
| Category | Behavior | Observation type | Prevalence | Observation dates | Source | Habituation | Species | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not reported |
Exposure to climate change impacts
As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.
The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).
Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Mengame Gorilla Sanctuary
| Value | 1981-2010 | 2021-2050, RCP 2.6 | 2021-2050, RCP 6.0 | 2071-2099, RCP 2.6 | 2071-2099, RCP 6.0 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean temperature [C] | 24.1 | 25.3 | 25.2 | 25.5 | 26.5 |
| Annual precipitation [mm] | 2493 | 2577 | 2582 | 2639 | 2656 |
| Max no. consecutive dry days (per year) | 22.5 | 10.2 | 9.7 | 8.6 | 11.6 |
| No. days with heavy precipitation (per year) | 6.7 | 8.6 | 8.7 | 8.9 | 10 |
Table 9. Projected exposure of apes to extreme climate impact events in Mengame Gorilla Sanctuary
| Type | No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 2.6) | % of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 2.6) | No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 6.0) | % of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 6.0) | No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 2.6) | % of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 2.6) | No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 6.0) | % of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 6.0) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crop failure | 3 | 0 | 4.5 | 0.01 | 3.5 | 0 | 14 | 0.01 |
| Drought | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Heatwave | 1 | 50 | 0.5 | 50 | 3 | 50 | 4.5 | 100 |
| River flood | 1.5 | 0.77 | 2.5 | 6.25 | 1.5 | 3.79 | 4.25 | 2.82 |
| Tropical cyclone | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Wildfire | 29.75 | 0.25 | 30 | 0.28 | 29 | 0.27 | 29 | 0.3 |
-
Precipitation anomaly in Mengame Gorilla Sanctuary -
Temperature anomaly in Mengame Gorilla Sanctuary
External links
References
WWF. (2005). Anti-poaching patrol saves gorilla in Cameroon. Online: https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?21899/b-Africa-Update-BBRAnti-poaching-patrol-saves-gorilla-in-Cameroon
Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. PLOS Climate, 3(2), e0000345. doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345
ACF. https://africanconservation.org/project/capacity-building-and-education-in-mengame-gorilla-sanctuary/ link
Page created by: APES Atlas Team Date: 2023-06-02