Bururi Forest Nature Reserve: Difference between revisions
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* Bushmeat hunting is a key threat to chimpanzees in Bururi. | * Bushmeat hunting is a key threat to chimpanzees in Bururi. | ||
* Conservation activities are not documented. | * Conservation activities are not documented. | ||
= Site characteristics = | = Site characteristics = | ||
Bururi Forest Nature Reserve (BFNR) is situated in southern Burundi, on the extreme southern edge of the Congo-Nile divide (BirdLife International 2020). Although the reserve is only about 33 sq. km, its floral composition is very diverse; in fact, the plant diversity in BFNR represents about 9% of the country's floral diversity (IUCN 2017). The most common primates found at the site are the eastern chimpanzee (''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''), blue monkey (''Cercopithecus mitis''), and the ascasus monkey (''Cercopithecus ascanius'') (IUCN 2017). The site is also designated as an Important Bird Area in Burundi; rare and endemic species to the Albertine Rift region found in BFNR include ''Zoothera tanganjicae'' and ''Apalis argentea'' (IUCN 2017; BirdLife International 2020). The site was declared a Nature Reserve in 1951 (UNEP-WCMC 2020). | Bururi Forest Nature Reserve (BFNR) is situated in southern Burundi, on the extreme southern edge of the Congo-Nile divide ([[#R00293|BirdLife International 2020]]). Although the reserve is only about 33 sq. km, its floral composition is very diverse; in fact, the plant diversity in BFNR represents about 9% of the country's floral diversity ([[#R00294|IUCN 2017]]). The most common primates found at the site are the eastern chimpanzee (''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''), blue monkey (''Cercopithecus mitis''), and the ascasus monkey (''Cercopithecus ascanius'') ([[#R00294|IUCN 2017]]). The site is also designated as an Important Bird Area in Burundi; rare and endemic species to the Albertine Rift region found in BFNR include ''Zoothera tanganjicae'' and ''Apalis argentea'' ([[#R00294|IUCN 2017]]; [[#R00293|BirdLife International 2020]]). The site was declared a Nature Reserve in 1951 ([[#R00295|UNEP-WCMC 2020]]). | ||
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Bururi Forest Nature Reserve''' | '''Table 1. Basic site information for Bururi Forest Nature Reserve''' | ||
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|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | |5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | ||
|Present (unknown severity) | |Present (unknown severity) | ||
|Bushmeat hunting (BirdLife International 2020). | |Bushmeat hunting ([[#R00293|BirdLife International 2020]]). | ||
|Ongoing (2020) | |Ongoing (2020) | ||
|} | |} | ||
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= Exposure to climate change impacts = | = Exposure to climate change impacts = | ||
As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. | As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, [[#R02166|Kiribou et al. (2024)]] extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period. | ||
The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated ( | The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated ([[#R02166|Kiribou et al. 2024]]). | ||
'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Bururi Forest Nature Reserve''' | '''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Bururi Forest Nature Reserve''' | ||
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<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Bururi_Forest.png| 450px | thumb| none | Precipitation anomaly | <div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Bururi_Forest.png| 450px | thumb| none | Precipitation anomaly in Bururi Forest Nature Reserve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Bururi_Forest.png | 450px | thumb| none | Temperature anomaly in Bururi Forest Nature Reserve]] </li></ul></div> | ||
= External links = | = External links = | ||
| Line 333: | Line 329: | ||
= References = | = References = | ||
BirdLife International. (2020). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Bururi Forest Nature Reserve. Retrieved from | <span id="R00293"></span>BirdLife International. (2020). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Bururi Forest Nature Reserve. Retrieved December 16, 2020, from http://www.birdlife.org | ||
<span id="R00294"></span>International Union for Conservation of Nature. (2017). Bururi: The link between heaven and earth. http://www.iucn.org/news/protected-areas/201703/bururi-link-between-heaven-and-earth | |||
UNEP-WCMC. (2020). Protected Area Profile for Bururi Forest from the World Database of Protected Areas, December 2020. | <span id="R00295"></span>UNEP-WCMC. (2020). Protected Area Profile for Bururi Forest from the World Database of Protected Areas, December 2020. http://www.protectedplanet.net | ||
<span id="R02166"></span>Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. ''PLOS Climate'', 3(2), e0000345. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345 doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345] | |||
'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2020-12-29 | '''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2020-12-29 | ||
Latest revision as of 17:52, 15 October 2026
East Africa > Burundi > Bururi Forest Nature Reserve
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Summary
- Eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) are present in Bururi Forest Nature Reserve.
- The population size is unknown.
- The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
- The site has a total size of 33 km².
- Bushmeat hunting is a key threat to chimpanzees in Bururi.
- Conservation activities are not documented.
Site characteristics
Bururi Forest Nature Reserve (BFNR) is situated in southern Burundi, on the extreme southern edge of the Congo-Nile divide (BirdLife International 2020). Although the reserve is only about 33 sq. km, its floral composition is very diverse; in fact, the plant diversity in BFNR represents about 9% of the country's floral diversity (IUCN 2017). The most common primates found at the site are the eastern chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii), blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis), and the ascasus monkey (Cercopithecus ascanius) (IUCN 2017). The site is also designated as an Important Bird Area in Burundi; rare and endemic species to the Albertine Rift region found in BFNR include Zoothera tanganjicae and Apalis argentea (IUCN 2017; BirdLife International 2020). The site was declared a Nature Reserve in 1951 (UNEP-WCMC 2020).
Table 1. Basic site information for Bururi Forest Nature Reserve
| Species | Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii |
| Area | 33 km² |
| Coordinates | Lat: -3.939272 , Lon: 29.596840 |
| Type of site | Protected area (Forest Reserve) |
| Habitat types | Subtropical/tropical moist montane forest, Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Savanna |
| Type of governance |
Types of sites Governance types Habitat types
Ape status
Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Bururi Forest Nature Reserve
| Species | Year | Occurrence | Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day) | Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) | Abundance estimate (95% CI) | Survey area | Sampling method | Analytical framework | Source | Comments | A.P.E.S. database ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii | Bururi Forest Nature Reserve |
Sampling methods Analytical frameworks
Threats
Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Bururi Forest Nature Reserve
| Category | Specific threats | Threat level | Description | Year of threat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 Biological resource use | 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | Present (unknown severity) | Bushmeat hunting (BirdLife International 2020). | Ongoing (2020) |
Conservation activities
https://www.iucn.org/news/protected-areas/201703/bururi-link-between-heaven-and-earth
http://www.artes-research.com/en/portfolio-articoli/community-ecotourism-2/
Challenges
Table 5. Challenges reported for Bururi Forest Nature Reserve
| Challenges | Specific challenges | Source | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Not reported |
Enablers
Table 6. Enablers reported for Bururi Forest Nature Reserve
| Enablers | Specific enablers | Source | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Site management | |||
| 2 Resources and capacity | |||
| 3 Engaged community | |||
| 4 Institutional support | |||
| 5 Ecological context | |||
| 6 Safety and stability |
Research activities
Documented behaviours
Table 7. Behaviours documented for Bururi Forest Nature Reserve
| Category | Behavior | Observation type | Prevalence | Observation dates | Source | Habituation | Species | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not reported |
Exposure to climate change impacts
As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.
The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).
Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Bururi Forest Nature Reserve
| Value | 1981-2010 | 2021-2050, RCP 2.6 | 2021-2050, RCP 6.0 | 2071-2099, RCP 2.6 | 2071-2099, RCP 6.0 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean temperature [C] | 18.1 | 19.3 | 19 | 19.4 | 20.7 |
| Annual precipitation [mm] | 1295 | 1315 | 1377 | 1317 | 1351 |
| Max no. consecutive dry days (per year) | 69 | 72.5 | 68.9 | 87.1 | 76 |
| No. days with heavy precipitation (per year) | 4.5 | 7.5 | 8 | 7.3 | 10.2 |
Table 9. Projected exposure of apes to extreme climate impact events in Bururi Forest Nature Reserve
| Type | No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 2.6) | % of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 2.6) | No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 6.0) | % of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 6.0) | No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 2.6) | % of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 2.6) | No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 6.0) | % of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 6.0) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crop failure | 2.5 | 2.68 | 3 | 1.76 | 4 | 2.45 | 9.5 | 1.4 |
| Drought | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Heatwave | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| River flood | 2 | 0.08 | 1.75 | 0.04 | 3.5 | 0.38 | 4.25 | 0.55 |
| Tropical cyclone | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Wildfire | 30 | 1.74 | 30 | 1.03 | 29 | 1.94 | 29 | 1.53 |
-
Precipitation anomaly in Bururi Forest Nature Reserve -
Temperature anomaly in Bururi Forest Nature Reserve
External links
References
BirdLife International. (2020). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Bururi Forest Nature Reserve. Retrieved December 16, 2020, from http://www.birdlife.org
International Union for Conservation of Nature. (2017). Bururi: The link between heaven and earth. http://www.iucn.org/news/protected-areas/201703/bururi-link-between-heaven-and-earth
UNEP-WCMC. (2020). Protected Area Profile for Bururi Forest from the World Database of Protected Areas, December 2020. http://www.protectedplanet.net
Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. PLOS Climate, 3(2), e0000345. doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345
Page created by: APES Atlas Team Date: 2020-12-29