UFA Ngombe: Difference between revisions
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* It has been estimated that 2,080 chimpanzees and 54,730 gorillas inhabit the site. | * It has been estimated that 2,080 chimpanzees and 54,730 gorillas inhabit the site. | ||
* The population trend is unknown. | * The population trend is unknown. | ||
| Line 20: | Line 16: | ||
= Site characteristics = | = Site characteristics = | ||
UFA Ngombe is located in the northern part of the Republic of Congo, in the Sangha department. It is bordered by Odzala Kokoua National Park to the west, various UFAs assigned to the CIB company to the east, the Tala-Tala UFA to the northwest, and the Ngoko River to the north, which forms the boundary with Cameroon (IFO 2015). | UFA Ngombe is located in the northern part of the Republic of Congo, in the Sangha department. It is bordered by Odzala Kokoua National Park to the west, various UFAs assigned to the CIB company to the east, the Tala-Tala UFA to the northwest, and the Ngoko River to the north, which forms the boundary with Cameroon ([[#R01852|IFO 2015]]). | ||
UFA Ngombé lies in a semi-humid equatorial climate zone, characterized by two dry seasons (mid-December to mid-March and June to mid-August) and two rainy seasons (March to June and August to mid-December). The UFA features two distinct types of terrain: 1. Hills in the north and west, with altitudes reaching 400 meters, characterized by undulating peneplains on horizontal sandstone. 2. Large, flat plains to the east and south, with altitudes below 400 meters, marked by extensive marshes. The area is part of the Sangha River basin, a major tributary of the Congo River. Aside from a few non-forest areas, such as savannas, human settlements, and cultivated lands, most of UFA Ngombe is covered by dense, evergreen rainforests and swamp forests. These forests include both permanently and periodically flooded areas (IFO 2015). | UFA Ngombé lies in a semi-humid equatorial climate zone, characterized by two dry seasons (mid-December to mid-March and June to mid-August) and two rainy seasons (March to June and August to mid-December). The UFA features two distinct types of terrain: 1. Hills in the north and west, with altitudes reaching 400 meters, characterized by undulating peneplains on horizontal sandstone. 2. Large, flat plains to the east and south, with altitudes below 400 meters, marked by extensive marshes. The area is part of the Sangha River basin, a major tributary of the Congo River. Aside from a few non-forest areas, such as savannas, human settlements, and cultivated lands, most of UFA Ngombe is covered by dense, evergreen rainforests and swamp forests. These forests include both permanently and periodically flooded areas ([[#R01852|IFO 2015]]). | ||
The Ngombe-Epoma Key Biodiversity Area (KBA) covers the most part of the Ngombe Forest Management Unit and the adjacent agri-concession of Epoma (Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership 2025). Due to its large size, many species make this site a KBA: Western gorilla, chimpanzee, grey-cheeked managbey, Bouvier's red colobus (endemic to Congo), African golden cat, African forest elephant, black-bellied pangolin, white-bellied pangolin, giant ground pangolin and African grey parrot. Also this KBA is one of only a few sites where the endemic ebony ''Diospyros whitei'' occurs (Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership 2025). | The Ngombe-Epoma Key Biodiversity Area (KBA) covers the most part of the Ngombe Forest Management Unit and the adjacent agri-concession of Epoma ([[#R01853|Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership 2025]]). Due to its large size, many species make this site a KBA: Western gorilla, chimpanzee, grey-cheeked managbey, Bouvier's red colobus (endemic to Congo), African golden cat, African forest elephant, black-bellied pangolin, white-bellied pangolin, giant ground pangolin and African grey parrot. Also this KBA is one of only a few sites where the endemic ebony ''Diospyros whitei'' occurs ([[#R01853|Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership 2025]]). | ||
'''Table 1. Basic site information for UFA Ngombe''' | '''Table 1. Basic site information for UFA Ngombe''' | ||
| Line 65: | Line 61: | ||
!A.P.E.S. database ID | !A.P.E.S. database ID | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'' | |''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'' | ||
|2006-2007 | |2006-2007 | ||
| | | | ||
| | |0.53 | ||
| | |0.16 (0.059-0.45) | ||
| | |2080.0 | ||
|UFA_Ngombe (11,596.43 km²) | |UFA_Ngombe (11,596.43 km²) | ||
|Line transects | |Line transects | ||
|Distance sampling | |Distance sampling | ||
|Kiminou et al. 2007 | |[[#R01854|Kiminou et al. 2007]] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'' | |''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'' | ||
|2006-2007 | |2006-2007 | ||
| | | | ||
| | |4.08 | ||
| | |4.21 (2.13-8.30) | ||
| | |54730.0 | ||
|UFA_Ngombe (11,596.43 km²) | |UFA_Ngombe (11,596.43 km²) | ||
|Line transects | |Line transects | ||
|Distance sampling | |Distance sampling | ||
|Kiminou et al. 2007 | |[[#R01854|Kiminou et al. 2007]] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'' | |''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'' | ||
|2005 | |2005 | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | |0.40 | ||
| | | | ||
|UFA_Ngombe (11,596.43 km²) | |UFA_Ngombe (11,596.43 km²) | ||
|Unknown | |Unknown | ||
| | | | ||
|IFO 2015 | |[[#R01852|IFO 2015]] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'' | |''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'' | ||
|2005 | |2005 | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | |3.7 | ||
| | | | ||
|UFA_Ngombe (11,596.43 km²) | |UFA_Ngombe (11,596.43 km²) | ||
|Unknown | |Unknown | ||
| | | | ||
|IFO 2015 | |[[#R01852|IFO 2015]] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 130: | Line 126: | ||
!Description | !Description | ||
!Year of threat | !Year of threat | ||
|- | |- | ||
|2 Agriculture & aquaculture | |2 Agriculture & aquaculture | ||
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops | |2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops | ||
|High (more than 70% of population affected) | |High (more than 70% of population affected) | ||
|The intense activity of the populations living in these towns, primarily related to agricultural or hunting activities (Kiminou et al. 2007). | |The intense activity of the populations living in these towns, primarily related to agricultural or hunting activities ([[#R01854|Kiminou et al. 2007]]). | ||
|Ongoing (2007) | |Ongoing (2007) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 146: | Line 136: | ||
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | |5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | ||
|Present (unknown severity) | |Present (unknown severity) | ||
|Hunting is clearly a factor influencing the distribution of gorillas. The absence of gorillas in the northern part of the UFA may be attributed to the high hunting pressure from the large human population settled along the Ouesso-Yengo road and around major towns such as Ouesso, Mokeko, and Ngombé. However, there are also many large villages within the UFA, some of which are known to be major hunting hubs (Kiminou et al. 2007). | |Hunting is clearly a factor influencing the distribution of gorillas. The absence of gorillas in the northern part of the UFA may be attributed to the high hunting pressure from the large human population settled along the Ouesso-Yengo road and around major towns such as Ouesso, Mokeko, and Ngombé. However, there are also many large villages within the UFA, some of which are known to be major hunting hubs ([[#R01854|Kiminou et al. 2007]]). | ||
|Ongoing (2007) | |Ongoing (2007) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 152: | Line 142: | ||
|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants | |5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants | ||
|Medium (30-70% of population affected) | |Medium (30-70% of population affected) | ||
|The Pygmy populations are semi-sedentary in villages. However, they remain highly dependent on the natural environment for their livelihood, relying on activities such as hunting and the collection of Non-Timber Forest Products (e.g., coconut, péké, etc.) (IFO 2015). | |The Pygmy populations are semi-sedentary in villages. However, they remain highly dependent on the natural environment for their livelihood, relying on activities such as hunting and the collection of Non-Timber Forest Products (e.g., coconut, péké, etc.) ([[#R01852|IFO 2015]]). | ||
|Ongoing (2015) | |Ongoing (2015) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 158: | Line 148: | ||
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | |5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | ||
|Low (up to 30% of population affected) | |Low (up to 30% of population affected) | ||
|IFO 2015 | |[[#R01852|IFO 2015]] | ||
|Ongoing (2015) | |Ongoing (2015) | ||
|- | |||
|8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases | |||
|8.4 Pathogens | |||
|Present (unknown severity) | |||
|In 2006-2007 a localised cluster of great ape carcasses was found within the KBA that includes the site. The cause was suspected Ebola but not confirmed ([[#R01853|Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership 2025]]). | |||
|2006-2007 | |||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 177: | Line 173: | ||
|2 Counter-wildlife crime | |2 Counter-wildlife crime | ||
|2.3 Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols | |2.3 Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols | ||
|The Anti-Poaching Surveillance and Combat Unit (USLAB) is made up of eco-guards who have received specialized training in anti-poaching efforts and wildlife management. The current wildlife management program relies on checkpoints and mobile patrols conducted in the forest and along the transportation routes for bushmeat (IFO, 2015). | |The Anti-Poaching Surveillance and Combat Unit (USLAB) is made up of eco-guards who have received specialized training in anti-poaching efforts and wildlife management. The current wildlife management program relies on checkpoints and mobile patrols conducted in the forest and along the transportation routes for bushmeat ([[#R01852|IFO, 2015]]). | ||
|Industrie Forestière d’Ouesso (IFO) | |Industrie Forestière d’Ouesso (IFO) | ||
|2007-Ongoing (2015) | |2007-Ongoing (2015) | ||
| Line 183: | Line 179: | ||
|5 Protection & restoration | |5 Protection & restoration | ||
|5.3 Establish areas for conservation which are not protected by national or international legislation (e.g., private sector standards & codes) | |5.3 Establish areas for conservation which are not protected by national or international legislation (e.g., private sector standards & codes) | ||
|There is a conservation series within the UFA. The goals of this series are to ensure the sustainability of forest species, protect wildlife and plant habitats, safeguard rare, endangered, or threatened species, and promote the sustainable use of natural resources (IFO 2015). | |There is a conservation series within the UFA. The goals of this series are to ensure the sustainability of forest species, protect wildlife and plant habitats, safeguard rare, endangered, or threatened species, and promote the sustainable use of natural resources ([[#R01852|IFO 2015]]). | ||
|Industrie Forestière d’Ouesso (IFO) | |Industrie Forestière d’Ouesso (IFO) | ||
|2007-Ongoing (2015) | |2007-Ongoing (2015) | ||
| Line 199: | Line 195: | ||
!Source | !Source | ||
!Year(s) | !Year(s) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|2 Resources and capacity | |2 Resources and capacity | ||
|2.3 General lack of funding | |2.3 General lack of funding | ||
|Kiminou et al. 2007 | |[[#R01854|Kiminou et al. 2007]] | ||
|2006-Ongoing (2007) | |2006-Ongoing (2007) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|2 Resources and capacity | |2 Resources and capacity | ||
|2.6 Lack of biomonitoring/survey data | |2.6 Lack of biomonitoring/survey data | ||
|Kiminou et al. 2007 | |[[#R01854|Kiminou et al. 2007]] | ||
|2006-Ongoing (2007) | |||
|- | |||
|4 Institutional support | |||
|4.3 Lack of protected area status | |||
|[[#R01854|Kiminou et al. 2007]] | |||
|2006-Ongoing (2007) | |2006-Ongoing (2007) | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 230: | Line 226: | ||
|1 Site management | |1 Site management | ||
|1.3 Adaptive management practices | |1.3 Adaptive management practices | ||
|Kiminou et al. 2007 | |[[#R01854|Kiminou et al. 2007]] | ||
|2006-Ongoing (2007) | |2006-Ongoing (2007) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|5 Ecological context | |5 Ecological context | ||
|5.1 Ecological characteristics (e.g. terrain) conducive to conservation | |5.1 Ecological characteristics (e.g. terrain) conducive to conservation | ||
|Kiminou et al. 2007 | |[[#R01854|Kiminou et al. 2007]] | ||
|2006-Ongoing (2007) | |2006-Ongoing (2007) | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 282: | Line 278: | ||
= References = | = References = | ||
IFO. (2015). Plan | <span id="R01852"></span>IFO. (2015). Plan d’aménagement UFA Ngombé, nov. 2007 – résumé public 06 oct. 15. Forêt Ressources Management – IFO. | ||
Kiminou, F. A. O., Moukala, G., Malonga, R., & Nganga I. (2007). | |||
<span id="R01853"></span>Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership. (2025). Key Biodiversity Areas factsheet: Ngombé-Epoma. Extracted from the World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas. Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership. https://keybiodiversityareas.org/ | |||
<span id="R01854"></span>Kiminou, F. A. O., Moukala, G., Malonga, R., & Nganga, I. (2007). Recensement et distribution des grands mammifères et activités humaines dans l’UFA Ngombé (Nord-Congo). WCS-Congo & CENIAF-MEF. | |||
'''Page created by: '''Zausa Diorne''' Date:''' 2024-11-26 14:03:00 | '''Page created by: '''Zausa Diorne''' Date:''' 2024-11-26 14:03:00 | ||
Latest revision as of 16:31, 12 October 2026
Central Africa > Republic of the Congo > UFA Ngombe
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Summary
- Central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) & western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are present in UFA Ngombe.
- It has been estimated that 2,080 chimpanzees and 54,730 gorillas inhabit the site.
- The population trend is unknown.
Site characteristics
UFA Ngombe is located in the northern part of the Republic of Congo, in the Sangha department. It is bordered by Odzala Kokoua National Park to the west, various UFAs assigned to the CIB company to the east, the Tala-Tala UFA to the northwest, and the Ngoko River to the north, which forms the boundary with Cameroon (IFO 2015). UFA Ngombé lies in a semi-humid equatorial climate zone, characterized by two dry seasons (mid-December to mid-March and June to mid-August) and two rainy seasons (March to June and August to mid-December). The UFA features two distinct types of terrain: 1. Hills in the north and west, with altitudes reaching 400 meters, characterized by undulating peneplains on horizontal sandstone. 2. Large, flat plains to the east and south, with altitudes below 400 meters, marked by extensive marshes. The area is part of the Sangha River basin, a major tributary of the Congo River. Aside from a few non-forest areas, such as savannas, human settlements, and cultivated lands, most of UFA Ngombe is covered by dense, evergreen rainforests and swamp forests. These forests include both permanently and periodically flooded areas (IFO 2015). The Ngombe-Epoma Key Biodiversity Area (KBA) covers the most part of the Ngombe Forest Management Unit and the adjacent agri-concession of Epoma (Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership 2025). Due to its large size, many species make this site a KBA: Western gorilla, chimpanzee, grey-cheeked managbey, Bouvier's red colobus (endemic to Congo), African golden cat, African forest elephant, black-bellied pangolin, white-bellied pangolin, giant ground pangolin and African grey parrot. Also this KBA is one of only a few sites where the endemic ebony Diospyros whitei occurs (Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership 2025).
Table 1. Basic site information for UFA Ngombe
| Species | Pan troglodytes troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla gorilla |
| Area | 11,596.43 km² |
| Coordinates | Lat: 1.07897 , Lon: 15.73845 |
| Type of site | Logging concession |
| Habitat types | Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Subtropical/tropical swamp forest |
| Type of governance | Private governance |
Types of sites Governance types Habitat types
Ape status
Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for UFA Ngombe
| Species | Year | Occurrence | Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day) | Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) | Abundance estimate (95% CI) | Survey area | Sampling method | Analytical framework | Source | Comments | A.P.E.S. database ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pan troglodytes troglodytes | 2006-2007 | 0.53 | 0.16 (0.059-0.45) | 2080.0 | UFA_Ngombe (11,596.43 km²) | Line transects | Distance sampling | Kiminou et al. 2007 | |||
| Gorilla gorilla gorilla | 2006-2007 | 4.08 | 4.21 (2.13-8.30) | 54730.0 | UFA_Ngombe (11,596.43 km²) | Line transects | Distance sampling | Kiminou et al. 2007 | |||
| Pan troglodytes troglodytes | 2005 | 0.40 | UFA_Ngombe (11,596.43 km²) | Unknown | IFO 2015 | ||||||
| Gorilla gorilla gorilla | 2005 | 3.7 | UFA_Ngombe (11,596.43 km²) | Unknown | IFO 2015 |
Sampling methods Analytical frameworks
Threats
Table 3. Threats to apes reported for UFA Ngombe
| Category | Specific threats | Threat level | Description | Year of threat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Agriculture & aquaculture | 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops | High (more than 70% of population affected) | The intense activity of the populations living in these towns, primarily related to agricultural or hunting activities (Kiminou et al. 2007). | Ongoing (2007) |
| 5 Biological resource use | 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | Present (unknown severity) | Hunting is clearly a factor influencing the distribution of gorillas. The absence of gorillas in the northern part of the UFA may be attributed to the high hunting pressure from the large human population settled along the Ouesso-Yengo road and around major towns such as Ouesso, Mokeko, and Ngombé. However, there are also many large villages within the UFA, some of which are known to be major hunting hubs (Kiminou et al. 2007). | Ongoing (2007) |
| 5 Biological resource use | 5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants | Medium (30-70% of population affected) | The Pygmy populations are semi-sedentary in villages. However, they remain highly dependent on the natural environment for their livelihood, relying on activities such as hunting and the collection of Non-Timber Forest Products (e.g., coconut, péké, etc.) (IFO 2015). | Ongoing (2015) |
| 5 Biological resource use | 5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | Low (up to 30% of population affected) | IFO 2015 | Ongoing (2015) |
| 8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases | 8.4 Pathogens | Present (unknown severity) | In 2006-2007 a localised cluster of great ape carcasses was found within the KBA that includes the site. The cause was suspected Ebola but not confirmed (Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership 2025). | 2006-2007 |
Conservation activities
Table 4. Conservation activities reported for UFA Ngombe
| Category | Specific activity | Description | Implementing organization(s) | Year of activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Counter-wildlife crime | 2.3 Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols | The Anti-Poaching Surveillance and Combat Unit (USLAB) is made up of eco-guards who have received specialized training in anti-poaching efforts and wildlife management. The current wildlife management program relies on checkpoints and mobile patrols conducted in the forest and along the transportation routes for bushmeat (IFO, 2015). | Industrie Forestière d’Ouesso (IFO) | 2007-Ongoing (2015) |
| 5 Protection & restoration | 5.3 Establish areas for conservation which are not protected by national or international legislation (e.g., private sector standards & codes) | There is a conservation series within the UFA. The goals of this series are to ensure the sustainability of forest species, protect wildlife and plant habitats, safeguard rare, endangered, or threatened species, and promote the sustainable use of natural resources (IFO 2015). | Industrie Forestière d’Ouesso (IFO) | 2007-Ongoing (2015) |
Challenges
Table 5. Challenges reported for UFA Ngombe
| Challenges | Specific challenges | Source | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Resources and capacity | 2.3 General lack of funding | Kiminou et al. 2007 | 2006-Ongoing (2007) |
| 2 Resources and capacity | 2.6 Lack of biomonitoring/survey data | Kiminou et al. 2007 | 2006-Ongoing (2007) |
| 4 Institutional support | 4.3 Lack of protected area status | Kiminou et al. 2007 | 2006-Ongoing (2007) |
Enablers
Table 6. Enablers reported for UFA Ngombe
| Enablers | Specific enablers | Source | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Site management | 1.3 Adaptive management practices | Kiminou et al. 2007 | 2006-Ongoing (2007) |
| 5 Ecological context | 5.1 Ecological characteristics (e.g. terrain) conducive to conservation | Kiminou et al. 2007 | 2006-Ongoing (2007) |
Research activities
Documented behaviours
Table 7. Behaviours documented for UFA Ngombe
| Category | Behavior | Observation type | Prevalence | Observation dates | Source | Habituation | Species | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not reported |
Exposure to climate change impacts
External links
References
IFO. (2015). Plan d’aménagement UFA Ngombé, nov. 2007 – résumé public 06 oct. 15. Forêt Ressources Management – IFO.
Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership. (2025). Key Biodiversity Areas factsheet: Ngombé-Epoma. Extracted from the World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas. Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership. https://keybiodiversityareas.org/
Kiminou, F. A. O., Moukala, G., Malonga, R., & Nganga, I. (2007). Recensement et distribution des grands mammifères et activités humaines dans l’UFA Ngombé (Nord-Congo). WCS-Congo & CENIAF-MEF.
Page created by: Zausa Diorne Date: 2024-11-26 14:03:00