Cat Tien National Park: Difference between revisions
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* Key threats to gibbons are agricultural encroachment, logging, and the illegal pet trade. | * Key threats to gibbons are agricultural encroachment, logging, and the illegal pet trade. | ||
* Conservation activities have focused on boundary demarcation, awareness raising, and release of confiscated gibbons. | * Conservation activities have focused on boundary demarcation, awareness raising, and release of confiscated gibbons. | ||
= Site characteristics = | = Site characteristics = | ||
Cat Tien National Park is located in southern Vietnam. The park is one of the most secure in the country, in terms of its capacity to protect biodiversity. The park and its surrounding area contain one of the two largest populations of southern yellow-cheeked gibbons (Rawson et al. 2011). Due to its remarkable biological diversity, the park was listed by UNESCO as the 411th biosphere Reserve Zone in the world in 2001 ([https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5070/ UNESCO). | Cat Tien National Park is located in southern Vietnam. The park is one of the most secure in the country, in terms of its capacity to protect biodiversity. The park and its surrounding area contain one of the two largest populations of southern yellow-cheeked gibbons ([[#R00367|Rawson et al. 2011]]). Due to its remarkable biological diversity, the park was listed by UNESCO as the 411th biosphere Reserve Zone in the world in 2001 ([https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5070/ UNESCO). | ||
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Cat Tien National Park''' | '''Table 1. Basic site information for Cat Tien National Park''' | ||
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= Ape status = | = Ape status = | ||
There are at least 300 gibbon groups in just two areas: Bu Gia Map National Park and Cat Tien National Park and their respective surrounding forests (Rawson et al. 2011). At Cat Tien National Park, the population is supplemented by gibbons in Dong Nai Nature Reserve and adjacent state forest enterprises. The first population estimates were made until surveys were conducted in 2004-2005. In this census, 149 groups were detected at an estimated density of 0.52 (±0.47) to 0.72 (±0.08) groups km2 (Rawson et al. 2011). Based on the raw data of Kenyon (2007), the total population of the park may exceed 300 groups (derived by applying a correction factor of 0.92 to Kenyon’s raw counts, and re-calculating gibbon density assuming a 1.5 km listening radius and stratified by park sector) (Rawson et al. 2011). | There are at least 300 gibbon groups in just two areas: Bu Gia Map National Park and Cat Tien National Park and their respective surrounding forests ([[#R00367|Rawson et al. 2011]]). At Cat Tien National Park, the population is supplemented by gibbons in Dong Nai Nature Reserve and adjacent state forest enterprises. The first population estimates were made until surveys were conducted in 2004-2005. In this census, 149 groups were detected at an estimated density of 0.52 (±0.47) to 0.72 (±0.08) groups km2 ([[#R00367|Rawson et al. 2011]]). Based on the raw data of [[#R00366|Kenyon (2007)]], the total population of the park may exceed 300 groups (derived by applying a correction factor of 0.92 to Kenyon’s raw counts, and re-calculating gibbon density assuming a 1.5 km listening radius and stratified by park sector) ([[#R00367|Rawson et al. 2011]]). | ||
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Cat Tien National Park''' | '''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Cat Tien National Park''' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|''Nomascus gabriellae'' | |''Nomascus gabriellae'' | ||
| | |2010 | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|Cat Tien National Park | |Cat Tien National Park | ||
|Unknown | |Unknown | ||
| | |[[#R00367|Rawson et al. 2011]] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|''Nomascus gabriellae'' | |''Nomascus gabriellae'' | ||
| | |2004-2005 | ||
| | | | ||
|149 | |||
| | | | ||
|Cat Tien National Park | |Cat Tien National Park | ||
|Unknown | |Unknown | ||
|Rawson et al. 2011 | |[[#R00366|Kenyon 2007]] as cited by [[#R00367|Rawson et al. 2011]] | ||
| | |Encounter rate 0.52 (±0.47) to 0.72 (±0.08) | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
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= Threats = | = Threats = | ||
There is a demand for captive gibbons, many of which are sourced from Cat Tien, Dong Nai Nature Reserve, and surrounding forests (Rawson et al. 2011). Every live gibbon in captivity represents many gibbons killed in the process. Based on interviews with traders, at least 24 gibbons were traded in Dong Nai Province in 2007-2008, which were sourced from Cat Tien NP and Dong Nai NR (Rawson et al. 2011). Habitat loss and degradation are also main threats impacting southern yellow-cheeked gibbons in Cat Tien. Agricultural encroachment and illegal logging have resulted in reduced availability of habitat, connectivity between forest blocks, and availability of food trees (Rawson et al. 2011). | There is a demand for captive gibbons, many of which are sourced from Cat Tien, Dong Nai Nature Reserve, and surrounding forests ([[#R00367|Rawson et al. 2011]]). Every live gibbon in captivity represents many gibbons killed in the process. Based on interviews with traders, at least 24 gibbons were traded in Dong Nai Province in 2007-2008, which were sourced from Cat Tien NP and Dong Nai NR ([[#R00367|Rawson et al. 2011]]). Habitat loss and degradation are also main threats impacting southern yellow-cheeked gibbons in Cat Tien. Agricultural encroachment and illegal logging have resulted in reduced availability of habitat, connectivity between forest blocks, and availability of food trees ([[#R00367|Rawson et al. 2011]]). | ||
'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Cat Tien National Park''' | '''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Cat Tien National Park''' | ||
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|1.1 Residential areas | |1.1 Residential areas | ||
|Present (unknown severity) | |Present (unknown severity) | ||
|Ongoing infrastructure development in and around the area is reducing the size and quality of gibbon habitat and is increasing access for hunters ( | |Ongoing infrastructure development in and around the area is reducing the size and quality of gibbon habitat and is increasing access for hunters ([[#R00367|Rawson et al. 2011]]). | ||
| | |||
|Ongoing (2011) | |Ongoing (2011) | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops | |2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops | ||
|High (more than 70% of population affected) | |High (more than 70% of population affected) | ||
|Large areas within the park are zoned as agricultural land where park management has no authority; shifting cultivation is also present (Rawson et al. 2011). | |Large areas within the park are zoned as agricultural land where park management has no authority; shifting cultivation is also present ([[#R00367|Rawson et al. 2011]]). | ||
|Ongoing (2011) | |||
|- | |||
|5 Biological resource use | |||
|5.1.4 Capture for the live animal trade | |||
|Medium (30-70% of population affected) | |||
|Capture of gibbons for illegal pet trade. Gibbons are caught by shooting mothers who fall clutching their infants. If they survive the fall, the infants are taken ([[#R00367|Rawson et al. 2011]]). | |||
|Ongoing (2011) | |Ongoing (2011) | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | |5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | ||
|High (more than 70% of population affected) | |High (more than 70% of population affected) | ||
|Some illegal logging occurs at the site; most of the park has been commercially logged (Rawson et al. 2011). | |Some illegal logging occurs at the site; most of the park has been commercially logged ([[#R00367|Rawson et al. 2011]]). | ||
|Ongoing (2011) | |Ongoing (2011) | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|4 Education & awareness | |4 Education & awareness | ||
|4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use | |4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use | ||
|Community awareness campaigns were conducted around the park including 22 schools in five districts, which focused on gibbon conservation (Rawson et al. 2011). | |Community awareness campaigns were conducted around the park including 22 schools in five districts, which focused on gibbon conservation ([[#R00367|Rawson et al. 2011]]). | ||
| | | | ||
|2004-2005 | |2004-2005 | ||
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|The site is a National Park. | |The site is a National Park. | ||
| | | | ||
|Ongoing ( | |Ongoing (2026) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|5 Protection & restoration | |5 Protection & restoration | ||
|5.5 Demarcate and enforce boundaries of protected areas | |5.5 Demarcate and enforce boundaries of protected areas | ||
|Boundary demarcation (Rawson et al. 2011). | |Boundary demarcation ([[#R00367|Rawson et al. 2011]]). | ||
| | | | ||
|1998-2004 | |1998-2004 | ||
| Line 155: | Line 151: | ||
|6 Species management | |6 Species management | ||
|6.8 Reintroduction of apes (captively-bred or rehabilitated indviduals) | |6.8 Reintroduction of apes (captively-bred or rehabilitated indviduals) | ||
|In 2008, the Dao Tien Endangered Primate Species Centre was established in the park. The centre’s objective is to house confiscated primates prior to release in the park (Rawson et al. 2011). | |In 2008, the Dao Tien Endangered Primate Species Centre was established in the park. The centre’s objective is to house confiscated primates prior to release in the park ([[#R00367|Rawson et al. 2011]]). | ||
| | | | ||
|2008-Ongoing (2011) | |2008-Ongoing (2011) | ||
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= References = | = References = | ||
<span id="R00366"></span>Kenyon, M. A. (2007). The ecology of the golden-cheeked gibbon (Nomascus gabriellae) in Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam [PhD thesis]. Anatomy School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. | |||
<span id="R00367"></span>Rawson, B. M., Insua-Cao, P., Nguyen, M. H., Van, N. T., Hoang, M. D., Mahood, S., …, & Roos, C. (2011). The Conservation Status of Gibbons in Vietnam. Hanoi, Viet Nam: Fauna & Flora International (FFI) and Conservation International. [http://www.gibbons.de/main/books/2011gibbons-vietnam.pdf link] | |||
'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2022-04-11 | '''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2022-04-11 | ||
Latest revision as of 16:27, 12 October 2026
Asia > Vietnam > Cat Tien National Park
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Summary
- Southern yellow-cheeked gibbons (Nomascus gabriellae) are present in Cat Tien National Park.
- It has been estimated that a minimum population of 149 groups occurs in the park.
- The gibbon population trend is unknown.
- The site has a total size of 738.8 km².
- Key threats to gibbons are agricultural encroachment, logging, and the illegal pet trade.
- Conservation activities have focused on boundary demarcation, awareness raising, and release of confiscated gibbons.
Site characteristics
Cat Tien National Park is located in southern Vietnam. The park is one of the most secure in the country, in terms of its capacity to protect biodiversity. The park and its surrounding area contain one of the two largest populations of southern yellow-cheeked gibbons (Rawson et al. 2011). Due to its remarkable biological diversity, the park was listed by UNESCO as the 411th biosphere Reserve Zone in the world in 2001 ([https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5070/ UNESCO).
Table 1. Basic site information for Cat Tien National Park
| Species | Nomascus gabriellae |
| Area | 738.8 km² |
| Coordinates | Lat: 11.424111 , Lon: 107.210672 |
| Type of site | Protected area (National Park) |
| Habitat types | Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest |
| Type of governance |
Types of sites Governance types Habitat types
Ape status
There are at least 300 gibbon groups in just two areas: Bu Gia Map National Park and Cat Tien National Park and their respective surrounding forests (Rawson et al. 2011). At Cat Tien National Park, the population is supplemented by gibbons in Dong Nai Nature Reserve and adjacent state forest enterprises. The first population estimates were made until surveys were conducted in 2004-2005. In this census, 149 groups were detected at an estimated density of 0.52 (±0.47) to 0.72 (±0.08) groups km2 (Rawson et al. 2011). Based on the raw data of Kenyon (2007), the total population of the park may exceed 300 groups (derived by applying a correction factor of 0.92 to Kenyon’s raw counts, and re-calculating gibbon density assuming a 1.5 km listening radius and stratified by park sector) (Rawson et al. 2011).
Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Cat Tien National Park
| Species | Year | Total number groups (95% CI) | Density [groups/km²] (95% CI) | Total number indiv. (95% CI) | Area | Method | Source | Comments | A.P.E.S. database ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nomascus gabriellae | 2010 | Cat Tien National Park | Unknown | Rawson et al. 2011 | |||||
| Nomascus gabriellae | 2004-2005 | 149 | Cat Tien National Park | Unknown | Kenyon 2007 as cited by Rawson et al. 2011 | Encounter rate 0.52 (±0.47) to 0.72 (±0.08) |
Sampling methods Analytical frameworks
Threats
There is a demand for captive gibbons, many of which are sourced from Cat Tien, Dong Nai Nature Reserve, and surrounding forests (Rawson et al. 2011). Every live gibbon in captivity represents many gibbons killed in the process. Based on interviews with traders, at least 24 gibbons were traded in Dong Nai Province in 2007-2008, which were sourced from Cat Tien NP and Dong Nai NR (Rawson et al. 2011). Habitat loss and degradation are also main threats impacting southern yellow-cheeked gibbons in Cat Tien. Agricultural encroachment and illegal logging have resulted in reduced availability of habitat, connectivity between forest blocks, and availability of food trees (Rawson et al. 2011).
Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Cat Tien National Park
| Category | Specific threats | Threat level | Description | Year of threat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Residential & commercial development | 1.1 Residential areas | Present (unknown severity) | Ongoing infrastructure development in and around the area is reducing the size and quality of gibbon habitat and is increasing access for hunters (Rawson et al. 2011). | Ongoing (2011) |
| 2 Agriculture & aquaculture | 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops | High (more than 70% of population affected) | Large areas within the park are zoned as agricultural land where park management has no authority; shifting cultivation is also present (Rawson et al. 2011). | Ongoing (2011) |
| 5 Biological resource use | 5.1.4 Capture for the live animal trade | Medium (30-70% of population affected) | Capture of gibbons for illegal pet trade. Gibbons are caught by shooting mothers who fall clutching their infants. If they survive the fall, the infants are taken (Rawson et al. 2011). | Ongoing (2011) |
| 5 Biological resource use | 5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | High (more than 70% of population affected) | Some illegal logging occurs at the site; most of the park has been commercially logged (Rawson et al. 2011). | Ongoing (2011) |
Conservation activities
Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Cat Tien National Park
| Category | Specific activity | Description | Implementing organization(s) | Year of activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 Education & awareness | 4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use | Community awareness campaigns were conducted around the park including 22 schools in five districts, which focused on gibbon conservation (Rawson et al. 2011). | 2004-2005 | |
| 5 Protection & restoration | 5.2 Legally protect ape habitat | The site is a National Park. | Ongoing (2026) | |
| 5 Protection & restoration | 5.5 Demarcate and enforce boundaries of protected areas | Boundary demarcation (Rawson et al. 2011). | 1998-2004 | |
| 6 Species management | 6.8 Reintroduction of apes (captively-bred or rehabilitated indviduals) | In 2008, the Dao Tien Endangered Primate Species Centre was established in the park. The centre’s objective is to house confiscated primates prior to release in the park (Rawson et al. 2011). | 2008-Ongoing (2011) |
Challenges
Table 5. Challenges reported for Cat Tien National Park
| Challenges | Specific challenges | Source | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Not reported |
Enablers
Table 6. Enablers reported for Cat Tien National Park
| Enablers | Specific enablers | Source | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Site management | |||
| 2 Resources and capacity | |||
| 3 Engaged community | |||
| 4 Institutional support | |||
| 5 Ecological context | |||
| 6 Safety and stability |
Research activities
Documented behaviours
Table 7. Behaviours documented for Cat Tien National Park
| Category | Behavior | Observation type | Prevalence | Observation dates | Source | Habituation | Species | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not reported |
Exposure to climate change impacts
External links
References
Kenyon, M. A. (2007). The ecology of the golden-cheeked gibbon (Nomascus gabriellae) in Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam [PhD thesis]. Anatomy School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Rawson, B. M., Insua-Cao, P., Nguyen, M. H., Van, N. T., Hoang, M. D., Mahood, S., …, & Roos, C. (2011). The Conservation Status of Gibbons in Vietnam. Hanoi, Viet Nam: Fauna & Flora International (FFI) and Conservation International. link
Page created by: APES Atlas Team Date: 2022-04-11