Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park: Difference between revisions
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* Key threats to gibbons are hunting and habitat loss due to illegal logging. | * Key threats to gibbons are hunting and habitat loss due to illegal logging. | ||
* Conservation activities have focused on education and awareness raising, reintroduction and rehabilitation, and training of ranger patrols. | * Conservation activities have focused on education and awareness raising, reintroduction and rehabilitation, and training of ranger patrols. | ||
= Site characteristics = | = Site characteristics = | ||
Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park is located in the Bo Trach and Minh Hoa Districts, Quang Binh Province, Vietnam. Much of the national park is naturally protected by karst limestone forest that is difficult to access. The southern white-cheeked gibbon population may be contiguous with gibbon groups in Hin Nam No National Protected Area in Laos. Collectively they form the largest area of continuous limestone karst mountains in Indochina; due to the limited access, this region probably provides a good level of protection to wildlife in general (Rawson et al. 2011). | Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park is located in the Bo Trach and Minh Hoa Districts, Quang Binh Province, Vietnam. Much of the national park is naturally protected by karst limestone forest that is difficult to access. The southern white-cheeked gibbon population may be contiguous with gibbon groups in Hin Nam No National Protected Area in Laos. Collectively they form the largest area of continuous limestone karst mountains in Indochina; due to the limited access, this region probably provides a good level of protection to wildlife in general ([[#R01486|Rawson et al. 2011]]). | ||
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park''' | '''Table 1. Basic site information for Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park''' | ||
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= Ape status = | = Ape status = | ||
No complete census of southern white-cheeked gibbons has been undertaken in the park, though it supports one of the largest populations in Vietnam and possibly globally. At least nine gibbon/primate surveys were conducted between 1997 and 2009 were conducted in different areas of the park and varied in objectives and methods. A survey in early 2009 in the south-east of the park recorded 37 groups with 101 individuals over less than 5,400 ha, yielding a group density of 0.69 groups km-2. Ruppell (2007) recorded 13 groups of gibbons between km 40 and km 52 of the main service road in the park. Collectively, these records suggest at least 50 groups occur in the park, but this does not include the large park interior, which may contain significant numbers of gibbons (Rawson et al. 2011). | No complete census of southern white-cheeked gibbons has been undertaken in the park, though it supports one of the largest populations in Vietnam and possibly globally. At least nine gibbon/primate surveys were conducted between 1997 and 2009 were conducted in different areas of the park and varied in objectives and methods. A survey in early 2009 in the south-east of the park recorded 37 groups with 101 individuals over less than 5,400 ha, yielding a group density of 0.69 groups km-2. Ruppell (2007) recorded 13 groups of gibbons between km 40 and km 52 of the main service road in the park. Collectively, these records suggest at least 50 groups occur in the park, but this does not include the large park interior, which may contain significant numbers of gibbons ([[#R01486|Rawson et al. 2011]]). | ||
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park''' | '''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park''' | ||
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= Threats = | = Threats = | ||
Hunting and habitat loss due to illegal logging are the main threats to gibbons in the site. Little direct evidence of hunting of gibbons has been documented, but intensive hunting of other primates occurs; for example, macaques are targeted for the production of monkey bone balm. Illegal logging targets high-value timber species, and rising timber prices have resulted in increasing timber extraction (Rawson et al. 2011). | Hunting and habitat loss due to illegal logging are the main threats to gibbons in the site. Little direct evidence of hunting of gibbons has been documented, but intensive hunting of other primates occurs; for example, macaques are targeted for the production of monkey bone balm. Illegal logging targets high-value timber species, and rising timber prices have resulted in increasing timber extraction ([[#R01486|Rawson et al. 2011]]). | ||
'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park''' | '''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park''' | ||
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|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | |5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | ||
|Present (unknown severity) | |Present (unknown severity) | ||
|Hunting of primates in the area (Rawson et al. 2011). | |Hunting of primates in the area ([[#R01486|Rawson et al. 2011]]). | ||
|Ongoing (2011) | |Ongoing (2011) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 95: | Line 91: | ||
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | |5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | ||
|High (more than 70% of population affected) | |High (more than 70% of population affected) | ||
|Illegal extraction of high-value timber (Rawson et al. 2011). | |Illegal extraction of high-value timber ([[#R01486|Rawson et al. 2011]]). | ||
|Ongoing (2011) | |Ongoing (2011) | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|2 Counter-wildlife crime | |2 Counter-wildlife crime | ||
|2.8 Provide training to anti-poaching ranger patrols | |2.8 Provide training to anti-poaching ranger patrols | ||
|Cologne Zoo, FFI and Frankfurt Zoological Society have supported the funding and training of ranger patrols with primates as priority species for protection (Rawson et al. 2011). | |Cologne Zoo, FFI and Frankfurt Zoological Society have supported the funding and training of ranger patrols with primates as priority species for protection ([[#R01486|Rawson et al. 2011]]). | ||
| | | | ||
|Ongoing (2007) | |Ongoing (2007) | ||
| Line 120: | Line 116: | ||
|4 Education & awareness | |4 Education & awareness | ||
|4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use | |4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use | ||
|FFI has implemented community awareness projects to raise local support for conservation of gibbons and other primates (Rawson et al. 2011). | |FFI has implemented community awareness projects to raise local support for conservation of gibbons and other primates ([[#R01486|Rawson et al. 2011]]). | ||
| | | | ||
|Ongoing (2007) | |Ongoing (2007) | ||
| Line 126: | Line 122: | ||
|6 Species management | |6 Species management | ||
|6.9 Rehabilitate injured/orphaned apes | |6.9 Rehabilitate injured/orphaned apes | ||
|Cologne Zoo and Frankfurt Zoological Society have supported primate re-introduction and wildlife rescue/rehabilitation in the park (Rawson et al. 2011). | |Cologne Zoo and Frankfurt Zoological Society have supported primate re-introduction and wildlife rescue/rehabilitation in the park ([[#R01486|Rawson et al. 2011]]). | ||
| | | | ||
|Ongoing (2007) | |Ongoing (2007) | ||
| Line 134: | Line 130: | ||
= Challenges = | = Challenges = | ||
Conservation activities are hindered by increasing tensions between the park management board and local communities over the board’s attempts to control wildlife hunting and logging in the park (Rawson et al. 2011). | Conservation activities are hindered by increasing tensions between the park management board and local communities over the board’s attempts to control wildlife hunting and logging in the park ([[#R01486|Rawson et al. 2011]]). | ||
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park''' | '''Table 5. Challenges reported for Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park''' | ||
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= References = | = References = | ||
Rawson, B. M, Insua-Cao, P., Nguyen | <span id="R01486"></span>Rawson, B. M., Insua-Cao, P., Nguyen, M. H., Van, N. T., Hoang, M. D., Mahood, S., …, & Roos, C. (2011). The Conservation Status of Gibbons in Vietnam. Hanoi, Viet Nam: Fauna & Flora International (FFI) and Conservation International. [http://www.gibbons.de/main/books/2011gibbons-vietnam.pdf link] | ||
'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2023-02-10 | '''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2023-02-10 | ||
Latest revision as of 16:30, 12 October 2026
Asia > Vietnam > Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park
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Summary
- Southern White-cheeked Gibbons (Nomascus siki) are present in Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park.
- It has been estimated that a minimum of 50 groups occur in the site.
- The gibbon population trend is unknown
- The site has a total size of 857 km².
- Key threats to gibbons are hunting and habitat loss due to illegal logging.
- Conservation activities have focused on education and awareness raising, reintroduction and rehabilitation, and training of ranger patrols.
Site characteristics
Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park is located in the Bo Trach and Minh Hoa Districts, Quang Binh Province, Vietnam. Much of the national park is naturally protected by karst limestone forest that is difficult to access. The southern white-cheeked gibbon population may be contiguous with gibbon groups in Hin Nam No National Protected Area in Laos. Collectively they form the largest area of continuous limestone karst mountains in Indochina; due to the limited access, this region probably provides a good level of protection to wildlife in general (Rawson et al. 2011).
Table 1. Basic site information for Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park
| Species | Nomascus siki |
| Area | 857 km² |
| Coordinates | Lat: 17.567690 , Lon: 106.274533 |
| Type of site | Protected area (National Park) |
| Habitat types | Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest |
| Type of governance |
Types of sites Governance types Habitat types
Ape status
No complete census of southern white-cheeked gibbons has been undertaken in the park, though it supports one of the largest populations in Vietnam and possibly globally. At least nine gibbon/primate surveys were conducted between 1997 and 2009 were conducted in different areas of the park and varied in objectives and methods. A survey in early 2009 in the south-east of the park recorded 37 groups with 101 individuals over less than 5,400 ha, yielding a group density of 0.69 groups km-2. Ruppell (2007) recorded 13 groups of gibbons between km 40 and km 52 of the main service road in the park. Collectively, these records suggest at least 50 groups occur in the park, but this does not include the large park interior, which may contain significant numbers of gibbons (Rawson et al. 2011).
Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park
| Species | Year | Total number groups (95% CI) | Density [groups/km²] (95% CI) | Total number indiv. (95% CI) | Area | Method | Source | Comments | A.P.E.S. database ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nomascus siki | Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park | Unknown |
Sampling methods Analytical frameworks
Threats
Hunting and habitat loss due to illegal logging are the main threats to gibbons in the site. Little direct evidence of hunting of gibbons has been documented, but intensive hunting of other primates occurs; for example, macaques are targeted for the production of monkey bone balm. Illegal logging targets high-value timber species, and rising timber prices have resulted in increasing timber extraction (Rawson et al. 2011).
Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park
| Category | Specific threats | Threat level | Description | Year of threat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 Biological resource use | 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | Present (unknown severity) | Hunting of primates in the area (Rawson et al. 2011). | Ongoing (2011) |
| 5 Biological resource use | 5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | High (more than 70% of population affected) | Illegal extraction of high-value timber (Rawson et al. 2011). | Ongoing (2011) |
Conservation activities
Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park
| Category | Specific activity | Description | Implementing organization(s) | Year of activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Counter-wildlife crime | 2.8 Provide training to anti-poaching ranger patrols | Cologne Zoo, FFI and Frankfurt Zoological Society have supported the funding and training of ranger patrols with primates as priority species for protection (Rawson et al. 2011). | Ongoing (2007) | |
| 4 Education & awareness | 4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use | FFI has implemented community awareness projects to raise local support for conservation of gibbons and other primates (Rawson et al. 2011). | Ongoing (2007) | |
| 6 Species management | 6.9 Rehabilitate injured/orphaned apes | Cologne Zoo and Frankfurt Zoological Society have supported primate re-introduction and wildlife rescue/rehabilitation in the park (Rawson et al. 2011). | Ongoing (2007) |
Challenges
Conservation activities are hindered by increasing tensions between the park management board and local communities over the board’s attempts to control wildlife hunting and logging in the park (Rawson et al. 2011).
Table 5. Challenges reported for Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park
| Challenges | Specific challenges | Source | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Not reported |
Enablers
Table 6. Enablers reported for Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park
| Enablers | Specific enablers | Source | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Site management | |||
| 2 Resources and capacity | |||
| 3 Engaged community | |||
| 4 Institutional support | |||
| 5 Ecological context | |||
| 6 Safety and stability |
Research activities
Documented behaviours
Table 7. Behaviours documented for Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park
| Category | Behavior | Observation type | Prevalence | Observation dates | Source | Habituation | Species | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not reported |
Exposure to climate change impacts
External links
References
Rawson, B. M., Insua-Cao, P., Nguyen, M. H., Van, N. T., Hoang, M. D., Mahood, S., …, & Roos, C. (2011). The Conservation Status of Gibbons in Vietnam. Hanoi, Viet Nam: Fauna & Flora International (FFI) and Conservation International. link
Page created by: APES Atlas Team Date: 2023-02-10