Mawas Conservation Area: Difference between revisions
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= Site characteristics = | = Site characteristics = | ||
The Mawas Conservation Area spans approximately 309,000 hectares of peat-swamp forest in Central Kalimantan—making it one of the largest intact peat-forest systems in Indonesia de.wikipedia.org+13orangutan.de+13redapes.org+13. This region supports one of the last major wild populations of Bornean orangutans, estimated at 2,550–3,000 individuals (Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation 2022). | The Mawas Conservation Area spans approximately 309,000 hectares of peat-swamp forest in Central Kalimantan—making it one of the largest intact peat-forest systems in Indonesia de.wikipedia.org+13orangutan.de+13redapes.org+13. This region supports one of the last major wild populations of Bornean orangutans, estimated at 2,550–3,000 individuals ([[#R01188|Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation 2022]]). | ||
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Mawas Conservation Area''' | '''Table 1. Basic site information for Mawas Conservation Area''' | ||
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|5.1.5 Persecution/human wildlife conflict | |5.1.5 Persecution/human wildlife conflict | ||
|Present (unknown severity) | |Present (unknown severity) | ||
|Human wildlife conflict reported, but details are unknown (Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation 2022, Orangutan Outreach 2016). | |Human wildlife conflict reported, but details are unknown ([[#R01188|Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation 2022]], [[#R01190|Orangutan Outreach 2016]]). | ||
|2016-Ongoing (2022) | |2016-Ongoing (2022) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 95: | Line 95: | ||
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | |5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | ||
|High (more than 70% of population affected) | |High (more than 70% of population affected) | ||
|Reports indicate ongoing illegal logging, with hundreds of trees being unlawfully logged from untouched forest areas each month (BOS Germany 2025). | |Reports indicate ongoing illegal logging, with hundreds of trees being unlawfully logged from untouched forest areas each month ([[#R01186|BOS Germany 2025]]). | ||
|Ongoing (2025) | |Ongoing (2025) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 101: | Line 101: | ||
|7.1 Fire & fire suppression | |7.1 Fire & fire suppression | ||
|Present (unknown severity) | |Present (unknown severity) | ||
|Frequent forest fires set off a dangerous cycle, as previously burned peat becomes extremely flammable and fuels new blazes. A further risk is that peat can ignite below the surface, making fires harder to detect and extinguish, and increasing the overall threat to the environment (BOS Germany 2025). | |Frequent forest fires set off a dangerous cycle, as previously burned peat becomes extremely flammable and fuels new blazes. A further risk is that peat can ignite below the surface, making fires harder to detect and extinguish, and increasing the overall threat to the environment ([[#R01186|BOS Germany 2025]]). | ||
|Ongoing (2025) | |Ongoing (2025) | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|2 Counter-wildlife crime | |2 Counter-wildlife crime | ||
|2.3 Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols | |2.3 Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols | ||
|The Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation protects the site's ecosystems and orangutans by actively managing and patrolling the site to prevent illegal and environmentally damaging activities. (Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation 2022). | |The Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation protects the site's ecosystems and orangutans by actively managing and patrolling the site to prevent illegal and environmentally damaging activities. ([[#R01188|Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation 2022]]). | ||
|BOSF-Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation | |BOSF-Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation | ||
|Ongoing (2022) | |Ongoing (2022) | ||
| Line 126: | Line 126: | ||
|4 Education & awareness | |4 Education & awareness | ||
|4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use | |4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use | ||
|Community outreach and capacity building engage local communities by helping them build capacity for the sustainable use of natural resources, educating the younger generation on conservation issues, and employing locals for their skills and purchasing consumables (Sherman et al. 2022, Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation 2022). | |Community outreach and capacity building engage local communities by helping them build capacity for the sustainable use of natural resources, educating the younger generation on conservation issues, and employing locals for their skills and purchasing consumables ([[#R01191|Sherman et al. 2022]], [[#R01188|Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation 2022]]). | ||
|BOSF-Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation | |BOSF-Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation | ||
|Ongoing (2022) | |Ongoing (2022) | ||
| Line 132: | Line 132: | ||
|5 Protection & restoration | |5 Protection & restoration | ||
|5.6 Habitat restoration | |5.6 Habitat restoration | ||
|Restoration of degraded areas through canal blocking and tree planting, as well as fire prevention and biodiversity monitoring (Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation 2022). | |Restoration of degraded areas through canal blocking and tree planting, as well as fire prevention and biodiversity monitoring ([[#R01188|Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation 2022]]). | ||
|BOSF-Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation | |BOSF-Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation | ||
|Ongoing (2022) | |Ongoing (2022) | ||
| Line 138: | Line 138: | ||
|2 Counter-wildlife crime | |2 Counter-wildlife crime | ||
|Other | |Other | ||
|The Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation contributes to mitigating human-orangutan conflict by conducting regular patrols (Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation 2022). | |The Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation contributes to mitigating human-orangutan conflict by conducting regular patrols ([[#R01188|Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation 2022]]). | ||
|BOSF-Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation | |BOSF-Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation | ||
|Ongoing (2022) | |Ongoing (2022) | ||
| Line 154: | Line 154: | ||
= Research activities = | = Research activities = | ||
As an initiative within the Mawas Conservation Program, the BOS Foundation established the '''Tuanan Orangutan Research Station''' in 2002 (Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation, 2013). Since then, the station has become a leading site for pioneering studies on wild orangutan behavior and peatland ecosystems. Non-invasive research on wild orangutans conducted from the Tuanan Research Station includes behavioral sampling, population counts, and general projects on the ecology of peat swamp forests (Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation, 2022). | As an initiative within the Mawas Conservation Program, the BOS Foundation established the '''Tuanan Orangutan Research Station''' in 2002 ([[#R01187|Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation, 2013]]). Since then, the station has become a leading site for pioneering studies on wild orangutan behavior and peatland ecosystems. Non-invasive research on wild orangutans conducted from the Tuanan Research Station includes behavioral sampling, population counts, and general projects on the ecology of peat swamp forests ([[#R01188|Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation, 2022]]). | ||
= Documented behaviours = | = Documented behaviours = | ||
| Line 170: | Line 170: | ||
= References = | = References = | ||
<span id="R01186"></span>BOS Germany. (2025). Mawas – Reforestation projects. Borneo Orangutan Survival Deutschland e.V. Retrieved June 26, 2025, from https://www.orangutan.de/en/our-work/rainforest-protection/reforestation-projects/mawas/ | |||
Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation. ( | |||
Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation. ( | <span id="R01187"></span>Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation. (2013). Tuanan Orangutan Research Station. https://www.orangutan.or.id/tuanan-orangutan-research-station | ||
Orangutan Foundation International. (2022). Orangutan ecosystem conservation. https://www.orangutan.or.id/orangutan-ecosystem-conservation < | |||
<span id="R01188"></span>Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation. (2022). Mawas: A tale of forest restoration. https://www.orangutan.or.id/mawas-a-tale-of-forest-restoration | |||
<span id="R01189"></span>Orangutan Foundation International. (2022). Orangutan ecosystem conservation. https://www.orangutan.or.id/orangutan-ecosystem-conservation | |||
<span id="R01190"></span>Orangutan Outreach. (2016). BOS news: Orangutans in conservation forest still under threat. Retrieved June 26, 2025, from https://redapes.org/bos-news-orangutans-in-conservation-forest-still-under-threat/ | |||
<span id="R01191"></span>Sherman, J., Voigt, M., Ancrenaz, M., Wich, S. A., Qomariah, I. N., Lyman, E., …, & Meijaard, E. (2022). Orangutan killing and trade in Indonesia: Wildlife crime, enforcement, and deterrence patterns. ''Biological Conservation'', 276, 109744. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109744 doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109744] | |||
'''Page created by: '''Aime Mizero''' Date:''' 2025-05-28 | '''Page created by: '''Aime Mizero''' Date:''' 2025-05-28 | ||
Latest revision as of 16:29, 12 October 2026
Asia > Indonesia > Mawas Conservation Area
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Summary
- Southwest Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) are present in Mawas Conservation Area.
- The population size is unknown.
- The orangutan population trend is unknown.
- The total site area is 3,090 km².
- The main reported threats include human wildlife conflict, illegal logging, and forest fires.
- The main conservation activities have focused on raising awareness in the community and restoring habitats.
- Within the site there is a research center established since 2002, known as Tuanan Orangutan Research Station.
Site characteristics
The Mawas Conservation Area spans approximately 309,000 hectares of peat-swamp forest in Central Kalimantan—making it one of the largest intact peat-forest systems in Indonesia de.wikipedia.org+13orangutan.de+13redapes.org+13. This region supports one of the last major wild populations of Bornean orangutans, estimated at 2,550–3,000 individuals (Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation 2022).
Table 1. Basic site information for Mawas Conservation Area
| Species | Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii |
| Area | 3,090 km² |
| Coordinates | Lat: -2.305240 , Lon: 114.497831 |
| Type of site | Conservation area |
| Habitat types | Subtropical/tropical swamp forest |
| Type of governance | Private governance |
Types of sites Governance types Habitat types
Ape status
Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Mawas Conservation Area
| Species | Year | Occurrence | Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day) | Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) | Abundance estimate (95% CI) | Survey area | Sampling method | Analytical framework | Source | Comments | A.P.E.S. database ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii |
Sampling methods Analytical frameworks
Threats
Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Mawas Conservation Area
| Category | Specific threats | Threat level | Description | Year of threat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 Biological resource use | 5.1.5 Persecution/human wildlife conflict | Present (unknown severity) | Human wildlife conflict reported, but details are unknown (Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation 2022, Orangutan Outreach 2016). | 2016-Ongoing (2022) |
| 5 Biological resource use | 5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | High (more than 70% of population affected) | Reports indicate ongoing illegal logging, with hundreds of trees being unlawfully logged from untouched forest areas each month (BOS Germany 2025). | Ongoing (2025) |
| 7 Natural system modifications | 7.1 Fire & fire suppression | Present (unknown severity) | Frequent forest fires set off a dangerous cycle, as previously burned peat becomes extremely flammable and fuels new blazes. A further risk is that peat can ignite below the surface, making fires harder to detect and extinguish, and increasing the overall threat to the environment (BOS Germany 2025). | Ongoing (2025) |
Conservation activities
Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Mawas Conservation Area
| Category | Specific activity | Description | Implementing organization(s) | Year of activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Counter-wildlife crime | 2.3 Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols | The Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation protects the site's ecosystems and orangutans by actively managing and patrolling the site to prevent illegal and environmentally damaging activities. (Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation 2022). | BOSF-Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation | Ongoing (2022) |
| 4 Education & awareness | 4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use | Community outreach and capacity building engage local communities by helping them build capacity for the sustainable use of natural resources, educating the younger generation on conservation issues, and employing locals for their skills and purchasing consumables (Sherman et al. 2022, Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation 2022). | BOSF-Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation | Ongoing (2022) |
| 5 Protection & restoration | 5.6 Habitat restoration | Restoration of degraded areas through canal blocking and tree planting, as well as fire prevention and biodiversity monitoring (Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation 2022). | BOSF-Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation | Ongoing (2022) |
| 2 Counter-wildlife crime | Other | The Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation contributes to mitigating human-orangutan conflict by conducting regular patrols (Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation 2022). | BOSF-Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation | Ongoing (2022) |
Challenges
Enablers
Research activities
As an initiative within the Mawas Conservation Program, the BOS Foundation established the Tuanan Orangutan Research Station in 2002 (Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation, 2013). Since then, the station has become a leading site for pioneering studies on wild orangutan behavior and peatland ecosystems. Non-invasive research on wild orangutans conducted from the Tuanan Research Station includes behavioral sampling, population counts, and general projects on the ecology of peat swamp forests (Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation, 2022).
Documented behaviours
Exposure to climate change impacts
External links
References
BOS Germany. (2025). Mawas – Reforestation projects. Borneo Orangutan Survival Deutschland e.V. Retrieved June 26, 2025, from https://www.orangutan.de/en/our-work/rainforest-protection/reforestation-projects/mawas/
Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation. (2013). Tuanan Orangutan Research Station. https://www.orangutan.or.id/tuanan-orangutan-research-station
Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation. (2022). Mawas: A tale of forest restoration. https://www.orangutan.or.id/mawas-a-tale-of-forest-restoration
Orangutan Foundation International. (2022). Orangutan ecosystem conservation. https://www.orangutan.or.id/orangutan-ecosystem-conservation
Orangutan Outreach. (2016). BOS news: Orangutans in conservation forest still under threat. Retrieved June 26, 2025, from https://redapes.org/bos-news-orangutans-in-conservation-forest-still-under-threat/
Sherman, J., Voigt, M., Ancrenaz, M., Wich, S. A., Qomariah, I. N., Lyman, E., …, & Meijaard, E. (2022). Orangutan killing and trade in Indonesia: Wildlife crime, enforcement, and deterrence patterns. Biological Conservation, 276, 109744. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109744
Page created by: Aime Mizero Date: 2025-05-28