Summary

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Site characteristics

UFA 10-012 / ZIC 30, part of the Tri-National de la Sangha (TNS) UNESCO World Heritage site, harbors endangered species like gorillas and elephants. Its forests are ecologically vital as carbon sinks and culturally significant to local communities. Research supports conservation strategies addressing habitat loss and hunting (Beukou et al., 2019).

Table 1. Basic site information for UFA 10-012_ZIC30

Species	Pan troglodytes troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla gorilla
Area	745.04 km²
Coordinates	Lat: 2.523267 , Lon: 15.827954
Type of site	Logging concession and community managed hunting interest zone
Habitat types	Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
Type of governance	Shared governance

Types of sites Governance types Habitat types

Ape status

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for UFA 10-012_ZIC30

Species	Year	Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)	Abundance estimate (95% CI)	Survey area	Sampling method	Analytical framework	Source
Gorilla gorilla gorilla	2018	1.82 (1.25-2.65)	1,358 (933-1,977)	UFA 10-012_ZIC30 (745 km²)	Line transects	Distance sampling with survey specific decay time	Beukou et al. 2019, WWF Cameroon
Pan troglodytes troglodytes & Gorilla gorilla gorilla	2018	2.28 (1.64-3.19)	1,703 (1,221-2,375)	UFA 10-012_ZIC30 (745 km²)	Line transects	Distance sampling with survey specific decay time	Beukou et al. 2019, WWF Cameroon
Gorilla gorilla gorilla	2015	2.07 (1.41-3.03)	1,544 (1,055-2,261)	UFA 10-012_ZIC30 (745 km²)	Line transects	Distance sampling with survey specific decay time	Beukou et al. 2019, WWF Cameroon
Pan troglodytes troglodytes & Gorilla gorilla gorilla	2015	2.06 (1.42-2.95)	1,524 (1,058-2,197)	UFA 10-012_ZIC30 (745 km²)	Line transects	Distance sampling with survey specific decay time	Beukou et al. 2019, WWF Cameroon

Sampling methods Analytical frameworks

Threats

Table 3. Threats to apes reported for UFA 10-012_ZIC30

Category	Specific threats	Threat level	Description	Year of threat
5 Biological resource use	5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals	High (more than 70% of population affected)	Intensified poaching due to increased access from logging activities and the spread of hunting zones in the periphery (Beukou et al. 2019). Increased sport hunting pressure in the periphery of the zone, particularly affecting large mammal populations (Beukou et al. 2019).	2005-Ongoing (2018)
5 Biological resource use	5.3 Logging & wood harvesting	High (more than 70% of population affected)	Logging activities contribute to habitat fragmentation and increased human access, leading to more poaching and disturbances in ape habitats (Beukou et al. 2019).	2015-Ongoing (2018)
6 Human intrusions & disturbance	6.2 War, civil unrest & military exercises	Medium (30-70% of population affected)	Increased conflict and poaching pressures in areas bordering the Central African Republic, particularly due to the illegal circulation of arms (Beukou et al. 2019).	2015-Ongoing (2018)

Threats

Conservation activities

Table 4. Conservation activities reported for UFA 10-012_ZIC30

Category	Specific activity	Description	Implementing organization(s)	Year of activity
2 Counter-wildlife crime	2.3 Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols	Regular patrols to reduce poaching and illegal hunting, supported by local and military teams (Beukou et al. 2019).	Faro Lobéké, World Wildlife Fund, Local authorities, ,	2015-Ongoing (2018)
2 Counter-wildlife crime	2.6 Regularly de-activate/remove ground snares	Regular monitoring and removal of snares to prevent accidental injuries to apes and other wildlife (Beukou et al. 2019).	Faro Lobéké, World Wildlife Fund, Local Community Rangers	2015-Ongoing (2018)
4 Education & awareness	4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use	Environmental education programs to involve local communities in the management of ape populations and ecosystems (Beukou et al. 2019).	World Wildlife Fund, Local authorities, Community Leaders	2015-Ongoing (2018)
5 Protection & restoration	5.5 Demarcate and enforce boundaries of protected areas	Marking boundaries of the ZIC to minimize illegal encroachment, ensuring sustainable use of resources (Beukou et al. 2019).	World Wildlife Fund, Minitry of Forestry and Wildlife	2015-Ongoing (2018)
7 Economic & other incentives	7.1 Provide monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g., REDD, alternative income, employment)	Engage communities through eco-tourism and sustainable forest management programs, offering economic alternatives (Beukou et al. 2019).	Worldwildlife Fund, Local Authorities, International Donors	2015-Ongoing (2018)

Conservation activities

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for UFA 10-012_ZIC30

Challenges	Specific challenges	Source	Year(s)
2 Resources and capacity	2.3 General lack of funding	Beukou et al. 2019	2005-Ongoing (2018)
2 Resources and capacity	2.7 Lack of infrastructure	Beukou et al. 2019	2005-Ongoing (2018)
3 Engaged community	3.1 General lack of community engagement or support	Beukou et al. 2019	2005-Ongoing (2018)
4 Institutional support	4.1 Lack of law enforcement	Beukou et al. 2019	2005-Ongoing (2018)
6 Safety and stability	6.2 Insecurity	Beukou et al. 2019	2005-Ongoing (2018)

Challenges

Enablers

Table 6. Enablers reported for UFA 10-012_ZIC30

Enablers	Specific enablers	Source	Year(s)
1 Site management	1.2 Effective coordination	Beukou et al. 2019	2005-Ongoing (2018)
2 Resources and capacity	2.6 External partnerships that add expertise or resources	Beukou et al. 2019	2005-Ongoing (2018)
4 Institutional support	4.2 Strong government support	Beukou et al. 2019	2005-Ongoing (2018)

Enablers

Research activities

Research activities are conducted in UFA 10-012 / ZIC 30, focusing on wildlife monitoring, including elephants and great apes, and assessing human pressures like hunting. These efforts, led by the WWF Jengi-TNS program in collaboration with MINFOF, utilize methods like distance sampling to guide conservation strategies, Beukou et al. 2019.

Documented behaviours

Table 7. Behaviours documented for UFA 10-012_ZIC30

Category	Behavior	Observation type	Prevalence	Observation dates	Source	Habituation	Species	Comment
	Nest Building				Beukou et al. 2019
	Feeding patterns				Beukou et al. 2019

Behaviours

Exposure to climate change impacts

As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. subm. extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (see Kiribou et al. subm. for details).

Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in UFA 10-012_ZIC30

Value	1981-2010	2021-2050, RCP 2.6	2021-2050, RCP 6.0	2071-2099, RCP 2.6	2071-2099, RCP 6.0
Mean temperature [C]	24.7	26	25.9	26.3	27.3
Annual precipitation [mm]	1523	1520	1567	1583	1572
Max no. consecutive dry days (per year)	23.3	22.3	23.6	18.8	22.8
No. days with heavy precipitation (per year)	6.6	9.9	11.4	10.9	12.7

Table 9. Projected exposure of apes to extreme climate impact events in UFA 10-012_ZIC30

Type	No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)	% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)	No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)	% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)	No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)	% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)	No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)	% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)
Crop failure	13	0	6	0	13	0	17	0
Drought	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.5	25
Heatwave	4	50	3	100	4	100	10.5	100
River flood	0	0	0.75	0.34	0.5	0	1	0.05
Tropical cyclone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wildfire	30	0.65	30	0.76	29	0.58	29	0.65

Precipitation anomaly in UFA 10-012_ZIC30
Temperature anomaly in UFA 10-012_ZIC30

External links

References

Beukou, B., Sombambo, M., Nzooh, Z., N’Goran, K. P., Hessana, D., Sebogo, L., & Mengamenya, A. (2019). Population dynamics of large and medium-sized mammals in the Cameroon segment of the Sangha Tri-National (TNS) landscape (MINFOF–WWF technical report). MINFOF – WWF.

Page created by: Onella Mundi Date: 2024-11-30 08:36:00