Summary

West African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) have been extirpated from Monogaga Classified Forest.
This site has a total surface area of 398.62 km².
Threats are not documented.
Fondation Root is a local NGO that works at the site and aims to create a sanctuary in the forest.

Site characteristics

Table 1. Basic site information for Monogaga Classified Forest

Species	Pan troglodytes verus
Area	398.62 km²
Coordinates
Type of site	Protected area (Classified Forest)
Habitat types	Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
Type of governance	Governance by government

Types of sites Governance types Habitat types

Ape status

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Monogaga Classified Forest

Species	Year	Occurrence	Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)	Abundance estimate (95% CI)	Survey area	Sampling method	Source
Pan troglodytes verus	2007	Absent			Monogaga Classified Forest	Reconnaissance walk	Campbell 2008
Pan troglodytes verus	1989-1990		0.45	155.0	Monogaga Classified Forest	Unknown	Marchesi et al. 1995 as cited by Kormos et al. 2003
Pan troglodytes verus	1988		0.5	175.0	Monogaga Classified Forest	Unknown	Hoppe-Dominik 1991

Sampling methods Analytical frameworks

Threats

Conservation activities

Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Monogaga Classified Forest

Category	Specific activity	Description	Implementing organization(s)	Year of activity
2 Counter-wildlife crime	2.8 Provide training to anti-poaching ranger patrols	The Root Foundation, a local NGO, is carrying out conservation activities and a project to create a sanctuary in the area, where eco-guards are trained and work to protect it (Soiret pers. comm. 2025).		Ongoing (2025)
5 Protection & restoration	5.2 Legally protect ape habitat			Ongoing (2025)

Conservation activities

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Monogaga Classified Forest

Challenges	Specific challenges	Source	Year(s)
	Not reported

Challenges

Enablers

Research activities

Documented behaviours

Exposure to climate change impacts

As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. subm. extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (see Kiribou et al. subm. for details).

Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Monogaga Classified Forest

Value	1981-2010	2021-2050, RCP 2.6	2021-2050, RCP 6.0	2071-2099, RCP 2.6	2071-2099, RCP 6.0
Mean temperature [C]	26.4	27.4	27.2	27.4	28.5
Annual precipitation [mm]	1418	1370	1447	1384	1402
Max no. consecutive dry days (per year)	30.5	29.2	27.5	26.9	31.9
No. days with heavy precipitation (per year)	6.9	6	5.9	4.7	6.7

Table 9. Projected exposure of apes to extreme climate impact events in Monogaga Classified Forest

Type	No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)	% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)	No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)	% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)	No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)	% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)	No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)	% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)
Crop failure	2	0.4	1	0.46	0	0	0.5	0.53
Drought	0	0	0.25	25	0	0	0.5	25
Heatwave	16	100	16.5	100	18.5	100	16	100
River flood	0	0	0	0	1	0	0.75	0.08
Tropical cyclone	0	0	1	1.18	0	0	0	0
Wildfire	30	0.67	30	0.62	29	0.6	29	0.56

Precipitation anomaly in Monogaga Classified Forest
Temperature anomaly in Monogaga Classified Forest

External links

References

Campbell, G. (2008). Rapport préliminaire sur les parcs nationaux et les forêts classées inventoriés en Côte d’Ivoire. Rapport présenté à la Direction de l’OIPR et de la SODEFOR. Unpublished report.

Hoppe-Dominik, B. (1991). Distribution and status of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) on the Ivory Coast. Primate Report, 31, 45–57.

Kormos, R., Boesch, C., Bakarr, M. I., & Butynski, T. (Eds.). (2003). West African chimpanzees: Status survey and conservation action plan. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group. IUCN.

Marchesi, P., Marchesi, N., Fruth, B., & Boesch, C. (1995). Census and distribution of chimpanzees in Côte d’Ivoire. Primates, 36, 591–607.

Page created by: Serge Soiret Date: 2025-05-27