Summary

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Central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) & western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are present in Tala-Tala Forest Management Unit.
It has been estimated that 895 chimpanzees and 4,678 gorillas inhabit the site.
The population trends are unknown.

Site characteristics

Table 1. Basic site information for Tala-Tala Forest Management Unit

Species	Pan troglodytes troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla gorilla
Area	6,167 km²
Coordinates	Lat: 1.8182 , Lon: 15.178
Type of site	Logging concession
Habitat types	Subtropical/tropical dry forest, Subtropical/tropical swamp forest, Wetlands (lakes, rivers, streams, bogs, marshes)
Type of governance	Private governance

Types of sites Governance types Habitat types

Ape status

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Tala-Tala Forest Management Unit

Species	Year	Occurrence	Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)	Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)	Abundance estimate (95% CI)	Survey area	Sampling method	Analytical framework	Source	Comments	A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes troglodytes	2016-2018		0.48	0.15 (0.10-0.20)	895 (638-1,256)	Tala-Tala Forest Management Unit	Line transects	Distance sampling with adopted decay time	Ngoran et al. (2019)	No nest decay study was conducted. The authors used nest decay rate from neighboring sites, leading to different numbers. The estimate given here are the conservative estimate
Gorilla gorilla gorilla	2016-2018		1.18	0.76 (0.52-1.11)	4,678 (3,202-6,835)	Tala-Tala Forest Management Unit	Line transects	Distance sampling with adopted decay time	Ngoran et al. (2019)	No nest decay study was conducted. The authors used nest decay rate from neighboring sites, leading to different numbers. The estimate given here are the conservative estimate

Sampling methods Analytical frameworks

Threats

Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Tala-Tala Forest Management Unit

Category	Specific threats	Threat level	Description	Year of threat
11 Climate change & severe weather	11.1 Habitat shifting & alteration	Medium (30-70% of population affected)		Unknown
2 Agriculture & aquaculture	2.1.1 Shifting agriculture	Present (unknown severity)	This area plays a vital role in conserving elephants, great apes, and numerous other wildlife species. Despite significant human pressures such as hunting, agriculture, and logging, the Tala-Tala forest remains crucial for maintaining ecological connectivity within the TRIDOM landscape (Ngoran et al. 2019).	Ongoing (2019)
5 Biological resource use	5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals	High (more than 70% of population affected)	Although hunting signs are relatively high in the Tala-Tala forest, with an encounter rate of 0.55 signs/km, they account for only 15% of all human activity signs, which have an overall encounter rate of 3.62 signs/km (Ngoran et al. 2019).	2015-Ongoing (2019)
5 Biological resource use	5.3.2 Commercial logging	Medium (30-70% of population affected)	Apart from specific hunting and logging activities, machete cuts and trails are frequently observed. The high abundance of machete cuts and trails highlights the significant presence of human activities throughout the Tala-Tala forest. Indeed, in carrying out various activities within the UFA Tala-Tala, trails are used to access desired locations. During movements along trails or off-trail, marks are often left on trees (Ngoran et al. 2019).	Ongoing (2019)

Threats

Conservation activities

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Tala-Tala Forest Management Unit

Challenges	Specific challenges	Source	Year(s)
	Unknown

Challenges

Enablers

Research activities

Documented behaviours

Table 7. Behaviours documented for Tala-Tala Forest Management Unit

Category	Behavior	Observation type	Prevalence	Observation dates	Source	Habituation	Species	Comment
	Not reported

Behaviours

Exposure to climate change impacts

As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).

Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Tala-Tala Forest Management Unit

Value	1981-2010	2021-2050, RCP 2.6	2021-2050, RCP 6.0	2071-2099, RCP 2.6	2071-2099, RCP 6.0
Mean temperature [C]	23.8	25.2	25	25.5	26.5
Annual precipitation [mm]	1573	1621	1613	1652	1618
Max no. consecutive dry days (per year)	18	11.8	13	11.8	12.4
No. days with heavy precipitation (per year)	6.6	7.7	8.5	8.7	9.3

Table 9. Projected exposure of apes to extreme climate impact events in Tala-Tala Forest Management Unit

Type	No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)	% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)	No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)	% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)	No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)	% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)	No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)	% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)
Crop failure	12	0.02	8.5	0.01	11.5	0	26.5	0.02
Drought	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.5	12.5
Heatwave	3	61.54	2	62.5	2.5	65.62	10	67.31
River flood	0.5	0.1	1.75	0.55	2	1.12	2.5	1.16
Tropical cyclone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wildfire	30	0.43	30	0.49	29	0.4	29	0.39

Precipitation anomaly in Tala-Tala Forest Management Unit
Temperature anomaly in Tala-Tala Forest Management Unit

External links

References

N'Goran, K. P., Allam, M. A., Yeno, L. S., Mahoungou, S., & Akenji, N. L. (2019). RAPPORT DE L’INVENTAIRE DES GRANDS ET MOYENS MAMMIFERES DANS L’UFA TALA-TALA. WWF & ETIC (Espace TRIDOM Interzone Congo) report.

Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., …, & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. PLOS Climate, 3(2), e0000345. doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000345

Page created by: Tene Sop Date: 2024-11-27 10:33:00