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Summary

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Northern White-cheeked Gibbons (Nomascus leucogenys) are present in Pu Hoat Nature Reserve.
The population size is unknown; the estimated number of groups varied from 5 to 8 groups in 2009-2010.
The population trend is unknown.
The site has a total size of 75 km².
Key threats to gibbons are hunting, illegal pet trade, illegal logging, and habitat encroachment.
Conservation activities have focused on improving management of the site and capacity-building for rangers.

Site characteristics

Pu Hoat Nature Reserve is located in the northwestern part of Vietnam’s Nghe An province. The reserve was established in 2013. The site is rich in biodiversity, providing habitats for a broad and diverse range of plants and animals, including northern white-cheeked gibbons (USAID).

Table 1. Basic site information for Pu Hoat Nature Reserve

Species	Nomascus leucogenys
Area	75 km²
Coordinates	Lat: 19.880413 , Lon: 104.930435
Type of site	Protected area (Nature Reserve)
Habitat types	Subtropical/tropical moist montane forest
Type of governance

Types of sites Governance types Habitat types

Ape status

The first gibbon survey was conducted in 2002. In 2009 and 2010, five gibbon groups were recorded and the possible occurrence of 2-3 others was identified. At least four groups were recorded in 2007, at least three groups in 2003 and five groups in 2002. Most survey effort has focused on the northern part of the area, which is contiguous with Xuan Lien Nature Reserve and holds most gibbons. The southern and central parts of the reserve contain few gibbons and with little chance of long-term survival (Rawson et al. 2011).

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Pu Hoat Nature Reserve

Species	Year	Total number groups (95% CI)	Density [groups/km²] (95% CI)	Total number indiv. (95% CI)	Area	Method	Source	Comments	A.P.E.S. database ID
Nomascus leucogenys					Pu Hoat Nature Reserve	Unknown

Sampling methods Analytical frameworks

Threats

Hunting is the main threat to N. leucogenys in this site. Hunters with guns and dogs, and trap lines are frequently observed. Gibbon hunting has been prevalent since at least the 1990s, when juvenile gibbons from the reserve were sold for the pet trade. Over the past decade, at least five gibbons have been sourced from the reserve: two stuffed gibbons for sale in 2009, a live male gibbon for sale for VND 400,000 in 2010, a captive female for sale for VND 1.5 million and a reported juvenile which died in captivity in 2005 (Rawson et al. 2011).

Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Pu Hoat Nature Reserve

Category	Specific threats	Threat level	Description	Year of threat
2 Agriculture & aquaculture	2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops	High (more than 70% of population affected)	Agricultural encroachment (Rawson et al. 2011).	Ongoing (2011)
5 Biological resource use	5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals	High (more than 70% of population affected)	Hunting and trapping for pet trade (Rawson et al. 2011).	Ongoing (2011)
5 Biological resource use	5.3 Logging & wood harvesting	High (more than 70% of population affected)	Widespread illegal logging (Rawson et al. 2011).	Ongoing (2011)

Threats

Conservation activities

Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Pu Hoat Nature Reserve

Category	Specific activity	Description	Implementing organization(s)	Year of activity
2 Counter-wildlife crime	2.8 Provide training to anti-poaching ranger patrols	25 forest rangers received formal and on-the-job training on a broad range of topics including biodiversity conservation, protected area management, engaging communities, interview methods, participatory mapping, flagship species and threat monitoring, and forest fire control (USAID).		Unknown

Conservation activities

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Pu Hoat Nature Reserve

Challenges	Specific challenges	Source	Year(s)
4 Institutional support	4.1 Lack of law enforcement	Rawson et al. 2011

Challenges

Enablers

Table 6. Enablers reported for Pu Hoat Nature Reserve

Enablers	Specific enablers	Source	Year(s)
1 Site management
2 Resources and capacity
3 Engaged community
4 Institutional support
5 Ecological context
6 Safety and stability

Enablers

Research activities

Documented behaviours

Table 7. Behaviours documented for Pu Hoat Nature Reserve

Category	Behavior	Observation type	Prevalence	Observation dates	Source	Habituation	Species	Comment
	Not reported

Behaviours

Exposure to climate change impacts

External links

References

Rawson, B. M, Insua-Cao, P., Nguyen Manh Ha, Van Ngoc Thinh, Hoang Minh Duc, Mahood, S., Geissmann, T. and Roos, C. 2011. The Conservation Status of Gibbons in Vietnam. Fauna & Flora International/Conservation International, Hanoi, Vietnam

Page created by: APES Atlas Team Date: 2023-02-10