Summary

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Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes ellioti) might be present in Shasha Forest Reserve.
The population size is unknown.
The chimpanzee population trend is decreasing.
The site has a total size of 90 km².
Key threats to chimpanzees are logging
Conservation activities are not documented.
Part of the reserve was de-gazetted for oil palm plantations and cocoa farms.

Site characteristics

Shasha Forest Reserve is located in the state of Osun, Nigeria. The site is contiguous with Omo Forest to the south. Originally 120 km2, 30 km2 in the northern portion of the reserve were de-gazetted for oil palm plantations and cocoa farms (Greengrass 2006).

Table 1. Basic site information for Shasha Forest Reserve

Species	Pan troglodytes ellioti
Area	90 km²
Coordinates	Lat: 7.088701 , Lon: 4.418837
Type of site	Protected area (Forest Reserve)
Habitat types	Agricultural land, Subtropical/tropical heavily degraded former forest
Type of governance

Types of sites Governance types Habitat types

Ape status

A 2006 survey did not find any direct or indirect evidence of chimpanzees occurring in the site. Chimpanzees have not been directly observed in several years, and due to increasing logging and habitat disturbance, the population is likely to be decreasing or already extinct (Greengrass 2006).

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Shasha Forest Reserve

Species	Year	Occurrence	Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)	Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)	Abundance estimate (95% CI)	Survey area	Sampling method	Analytical framework	Source	Comments	A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes ellioti	2006		0			Shasha Forest Reserve	Reconnaissance walk		Greengrass 2006

Sampling methods Analytical frameworks

Threats

The main threat to wildlife in the reserve is illegal, uncontrolled logging (Greengrass 2006).

Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Shasha Forest Reserve

Category	Specific threats	Threat level	Description	Year of threat
2 Agriculture & aquaculture	2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops	High (more than 70% of population affected)	Part of the reserve was de-gazetted and converted into oil palm plantations and cocoa farms (Greengrass 2006).	Ongoing (2006)
5 Biological resource use	5.3 Logging & wood harvesting	High (more than 70% of population affected)	Habitat loss due to illegal logging (Greengrass 2006).	Ongoing (2006)

Threats

Conservation activities

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Shasha Forest Reserve

Challenges	Specific challenges	Source	Year(s)
	Not reported

Challenges

Enablers

Table 6. Enablers reported for Shasha Forest Reserve

Enablers	Specific enablers	Source	Year(s)
1 Site management
2 Resources and capacity
3 Engaged community
4 Institutional support
5 Ecological context
6 Safety and stability

Enablers

Research activities

Documented behaviours

Table 7. Behaviours documented for Shasha Forest Reserve

Category	Behavior	Observation type	Prevalence	Observation dates	Source	Habituation	Species	Comment
	Not reported

Behaviours

Exposure to climate change impacts

Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Shasha Forest Reserve

Value	1981-2010	2021-2050, RCP 2.6	2021-2050, RCP 6.0	2071-2099, RCP 2.6	2071-2099, RCP 6.0
Mean temperature [C]	27.1	28.2	28.1	28.4	29.4
Annual precipitation [mm]	1528	1561	1587	1548	1625
Max no. consecutive dry days (per year)	43.1	43.1	42.3	42	44.2
No. days with heavy precipitation (per year)	5.3	9	9.2	9.1	10.6

Table 9. Projected exposure of apes to extreme climate impact events in Shasha Forest Reserve

Type	No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)	% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)	No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)	% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)	No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)	% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)	No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)	% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)
Crop failure	5	1.73	3.5	2.05	3	2.37	10	4.35
Drought	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heatwave	6.5	100	9.5	100	7.5	100	11	100
River flood	0.25	0.15	1	0.99	0.25	0.11	1	1.02
Tropical cyclone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wildfire	30	0.53	30	0.53	29	0.52	29	0.54

External links

References

Greengrass, E.J. (2006). A survey of chimpanzees in south-west Nigeria. Report to the NCF-WCS Biodiversity Research Programme.

Page created by: APES Atlas Team Date: 2023-03-07