Summary

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Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) are extirpated from Arly National Park.
The last population estimate was zero individuals.
Last unconfirmed sightings by local residents were reported in 1999 and 2002.
This site has a total size of 760 km².

Site characteristics

Arly National Park is a national park located in Tapoa Province, southeastern Burkina Faso. It adjoins Benin's Pendjari National Park in the south and the Singou Reserve in the west. The park is 760 km2 large and has a wide variety of habitats, ranging from the gallery forests of the Arly and Pendjari rivers to savanna woodland and sandstone hills of the Gobnangou chain. It is home to around 200 African elephants (Loxodonta africana), 200 hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) and 100 lions (Panthera leo). There are also buffaloes, baboons (Papio sp.), green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus), warthogs, and various antelopes, such as the western hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus) and roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus). There are also bushbucks (Tragelaphus scriptus), duikers and waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus, Manson & Knight 2006).

Table 1. Basic site information for Arly National Park

Species	Pan troglodytes verus
Area	760 km²
Coordinates	Lat: 11.602147 , Lon: 1.282698
Type of site	Protected area (National Park)
Habitat types	Subtropical/tropical dry forest, Savanna
Type of governance

Types of sites Governance types Habitat types

Ape status

The perennial or seasonal presence of Pan troglodytes verus in Burkina Faso is unlikely (Ginn et al. 2013).

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Arly National Park

Species	Year	Occurrence	Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)	Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)	Abundance estimate (95% CI)	Survey area	Sampling method	Analytical framework	Source	Comments	A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes verus	2012		0	0		Arly National Park	Interviews, Reconnaissance walk		Ginn et al. 2013	Total survey effort: 250 km, reconnaissance survey in five forest reserves along the southern border of Burkina Faso, Arly National Park and Pama Partial Reserve in the south-east, Comoé-Léraba Partial Reserve in the south-west, and Koulbi Protected Forest and Nazinga Game Ranch and Reserve in the south central region.

Sampling methods Analytical frameworks

Threats

As chimpanzees are likely extirpated from Arly National Park threats to chimpanzees were not reported.

Conservation activities

As chimpanzees are likely extirpated from Arly National Park conservation activities to chimpanzees were not reported.

Challenges

Lack of national protection was reported as a challenge (Hogan 2009).

Table 5. Challenges reported for Arly National Park

Challenges	Specific challenges	Source	Year(s)
4 Institutional support	4.2 Lack of government support	Hogan 2009

Challenges

Enablers

Table 6. Enablers reported for Arly National Park

Enablers	Specific enablers	Source	Year(s)
1 Site management
2 Resources and capacity
3 Engaged community
4 Institutional support
5 Ecological context
6 Safety and stability

Enablers

Research activities

As chimpanzees are likely extirpated from Arly National Park conservation activities to chimpanzees were not reported.

Documented behaviours

Table 7. Behaviours documented for Arly National Park

Category	Behavior	Observation type	Prevalence	Observation dates	Source	Habituation	Species	Comment
	Not reported

Behaviours

Exposure to climate change impacts

As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. subm. extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (see Kiribou et al. subm. for details).

Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Arly National Park

Value	1981-2010	2021-2050, RCP 2.6	2021-2050, RCP 6.0	2071-2099, RCP 2.6	2071-2099, RCP 6.0
Mean temperature [C]	28.7	29.9	29.8	30.1	31.3
Annual precipitation [mm]	848	886	861	836	846
Max no. consecutive dry days (per year)	83.5	84.7	85.5	83.6	80.2
No. days with heavy precipitation (per year)	3.5	4.3	4.5	4.9	4.5

Table 9. Projected exposure of apes to extreme climate impact events in Arly National Park

Type	No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)	% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)	No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)	% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)	No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)	% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)	No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)	% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)
Crop failure	3	0.24	4	0.27	5.5	0.27	6.5	0.27
Drought	0	0	0.5	50	0.75	25	1.25	50
Heatwave	2	100	3.5	100	2	50	2.5	100
River flood	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tropical cyclone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wildfire	30	1.52	30	1.62	29	1.34	29	1.86

External links

References

Ginn, L. P., Robinson, J., & Redmond, I. (2013). Strong evidence that the West African chimpanzee is extirpated from Burkina Faso. Oryx, 47(3), 323–327.

Hogan, M. C. (2009). Painted hunting dog: Lycaon pictus. GlobalTwitcher.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20101209234758/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=35993

Manson, K., & Knight. (2006). The East. In Burkina Faso. Bradt Travel Guides; The Globe Pequot Press Inc.

Page created by: APES Atlas Team Date: 2019-10-04