Summary

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Eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) are present in Bururi Forest Nature Reserve.
The population size is unknown.
The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
The site has a total size of 33 km².
Bushmeat hunting is a key threat to chimpanzees in Bururi.
Conservation activities are not documented.

Site characteristics

Bururi Forest Nature Reserve (BFNR) is situated in southern Burundi, on the extreme southern edge of the Congo-Nile divide (BirdLife International 2020). Although the reserve is only about 33 sq. km, its floral composition is very diverse; in fact, the plant diversity in BFNR represents about 9% of the country's floral diversity (IUCN 2017). The most common primates found at the site are the eastern chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii), blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis), and the ascasus monkey (Cercopithecus ascanius) (IUCN 2017). The site is also designated as an Important Bird Area in Burundi; rare and endemic species to the Albertine Rift region found in BFNR include Zoothera tanganjicae and Apalis argentea (IUCN 2017; BirdLife International 2020). The site was declared a Nature Reserve in 1951 (UNEP-WCMC 2020).

Table 1. Basic site information for Bururi Forest Nature Reserve

Species	Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii
Area	33 km²
Coordinates	Lat: -3.939272 , Lon: 29.596840
Type of site	Protected area (Forest Reserve)
Habitat types	Subtropical/tropical moist montane forest, Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Savanna
Type of governance

Types of sites Governance types Habitat types

Ape status

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Bururi Forest Nature Reserve

Species	Year	Occurrence	Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)	Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)	Abundance estimate (95% CI)	Survey area	Sampling method	Analytical framework	Source	Comments	A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii						Bururi Forest Nature Reserve

Sampling methods Analytical frameworks

Threats

Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Bururi Forest Nature Reserve

Category	Specific threats	Threat level	Description	Year of threat
5 Biological resource use	5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals	Present (unknown severity)	Bushmeat hunting (BirdLife International 2020).	Ongoing (2020)

Threats

Conservation activities

https://www.iucn.org/news/protected-areas/201703/bururi-link-between-heaven-and-earth

http://www.artes-research.com/en/portfolio-articoli/community-ecotourism-2/

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Bururi Forest Nature Reserve

Challenges	Specific challenges	Source	Year(s)
	Not reported

Challenges

Enablers

Table 6. Enablers reported for Bururi Forest Nature Reserve

Enablers	Specific enablers	Source	Year(s)
1 Site management
2 Resources and capacity
3 Engaged community
4 Institutional support
5 Ecological context
6 Safety and stability

Enablers

Research activities

Documented behaviours

Table 7. Behaviours documented for Bururi Forest Nature Reserve

Category	Behavior	Observation type	Prevalence	Observation dates	Source	Habituation	Species	Comment
	Not reported

Behaviours

Exposure to climate change impacts

As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. subm. extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (see Kiribou et al. subm. for details).

Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Bururi Forest Nature Reserve

Value	1981-2010	2021-2050, RCP 2.6	2021-2050, RCP 6.0	2071-2099, RCP 2.6	2071-2099, RCP 6.0
Mean temperature [C]	18.100000000000001	19.3	19	19.399999999999999	20.7
Annual precipitation [mm]	1295	1315	1377	1317	1351
Max no. consecutive dry days (per year)	69	72.5	68.900000000000006	87.1	76
No. days with heavy precipitation (per year)	4.5	7.5	8	7.3	10.199999999999999

Table 9. Projected exposure of apes to extreme climate impact events in Bururi Forest Nature Reserve

Type	No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)	% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)	No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)	% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)	No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)	% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)	No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)	% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)
Crop failure	2.5	2.68	3	1.76	4	2.4500000000000002	9.5	1.4
Drought	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heatwave	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
River flood	2	0.08	1.75	0.04	3.5	0.38	4.25	0.55000000000000004
Tropical cyclone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wildfire	30	1.74	30	1.03	29	1.94	29	1.53

External links

References

BirdLife International. (2020). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Bururi Forest Nature Reserve. Retrieved from: http://www.birdlife.org on 16/12/2020.

UNEP-WCMC. (2020). Protected Area Profile for Bururi Forest from the World Database of Protected Areas, December 2020. Available at: www.protectedplanet.net

IUCN. (2017). Bururi: the link between heaven and earth. Retrieved from: http://www.iucn.org/news/protected-areas/201703/bururi-link-between-heaven-and-earth

Page created by: APES Atlas Team Date: 2020-12-29